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Farnell PDF

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OMRON INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION - E5CN Datasheet - Farnell Element 14

OMRON INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION - E5CN Datasheet - Farnell Element 14 - Revenir à l'accueil

 

 

Branding Farnell element14 (France)

 

Farnell Element 14 :

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Everything You Need To Know About Arduino

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Tutorial 01 for Arduino: Getting Acquainted with Arduino

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The Cube® 3D Printer

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What's easier- DIY Dentistry or our new our website features?

 

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Ben Heck's Getting Started with the BeagleBone Black Trailer

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Ben Heck's Home-Brew Solder Reflow Oven 2.0 Trailer

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Get Started with Pi Episode 3 - Online with Raspberry Pi

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Discover Simulink Promo -- Exclusive element14 Webinar

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Ben Heck's TV Proximity Sensor Trailer

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Ben Heck's PlayStation 4 Teardown Trailer

See the trailer for the next exciting episode of The Ben Heck show. Check back on Friday to be among the first to see the exclusive full show on element…

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Get Started with Pi Episode 4 - Your First Raspberry Pi Project

Connect your Raspberry Pi to a breadboard, download some code and create a push-button audio play project.

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Ben Heck Anti-Pickpocket Wallet Trailer

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Molex Earphones - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Tripp Lite Surge Protector - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Microchip ChipKIT Pi - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Beagle Bone Black - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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3M E26, LED Lamps - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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3M Colored Duct Tape - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Tenma Soldering Station - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Duratool Screwdriver Kit - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Cubify 3D Cube - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Bud Boardganizer - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Raspberry Pi Starter Kit - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Fluke 323 True-rms Clamp Meter - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Dymo RHINO 6000 Label Printer - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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3M LED Advanced Lights A-19 - The 14 Holiday Products of Newark element14 Promotion

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Innovative LPS Resistor Features Very High Power Dissipation

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Charge Injection Evaluation Board for DG508B Multiplexer Demo

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Ben Heck The Great Glue Gun Trailer Part 2

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Introducing element14 TV

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Ben Heck Time to Meet Your Maker Trailer

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Détecteur de composants

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Recherche intégrée

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Ben Builds an Accessibility Guitar Trailer Part 1

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Ben Builds an Accessibility Guitar - Part 2 Trailer

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PiFace Control and Display Introduction

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Flashmob Farnell

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Express Yourself in 3D with Cube 3D Printers from Newark element14

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Farnell YouTube Channel Move

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Farnell: Design with the best

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French Farnell Quest

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Altera - 3 Ways to Quickly Adapt to Changing Ethernet Protocols

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Cy-Net3 Network Module

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MC AT - Professional and Precision Series Thin Film Chip Resistors

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Solderless LED Connector

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PSA-T Series Spectrum Analyser: PSA1301T/ PSA2701T

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3-axis Universal Motion Controller For Stepper Motor Drivers: TMC429

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Voltage Level Translation

Puce électronique / Microchip :

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Microchip - 8-bit Wireless Development Kit

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Microchip - Introduction to mTouch Capacitive Touch Sensing Part 2 of 3

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Microchip - Introduction to mTouch Capacitive Touch Sensing Part 3 of 3

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Microchip - Introduction to mTouch Capacitive Touch Sensing Part 1 of 3

Sans fil - Wireless :

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Microchip - 8-bit Wireless Development Kit

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Wireless Power Solutions - Wurth Electronics, Texas Instruments, CadSoft and element14

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Analog Devices - Remote Water Quality Monitoring via a Low Power, Wireless Network

Texas instrument :

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Texas Instruments - Automotive LED Headlights

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Texas Instruments - Digital Power Solutions

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Texas Instruments - Industrial Sensor Solutions

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Texas Instruments - Wireless Pen Input Demo (Mobile World Congress)

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Texas Instruments - Industrial Automation System Components

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Texas Instruments - TMS320C66x - Industry's first 10-GHz fixed/floating point DSP

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Texas Instruments - TMS320C66x KeyStone Multicore Architecture

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Texas Instruments - Industrial Interfaces

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Texas Instruments - Concerto™ MCUs - Connectivity without compromise

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Texas Instruments - Stellaris Robot Chronos

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Texas Instruments - DRV8412-C2-KIT, Brushed DC and Stepper Motor Control Kit

Ordinateurs :

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Ask Ben Heck - Connect Raspberry Pi to Car Computer

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Ben's Portable Raspberry Pi Computer Trailer

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Ben's Raspberry Pi Portable Computer Trailer 2

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Ben Heck's Pocket Computer Trailer

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Ask Ben Heck - Atari Computer

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Ask Ben Heck - Using Computer Monitors for External Displays

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Raspberry Pi Partnership with BBC Computer Literacy Project - Answers from co-founder Eben Upton

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Installing RaspBMC on your Raspberry Pi with the Farnell element14 Accessory kit

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Raspberry Pi Served - Joey Hudy

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Happy Birthday Raspberry Pi

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Raspberry Pi board B product overview

Logiciels :

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Ask Ben Heck - Best Opensource or Free CAD Software

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Tektronix FPGAView™ software makes debugging of FPGAs faster than ever!

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Ask Ben Heck - Best Open-Source Schematic Capture and PCB Layout Software

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Introduction to Cadsoft EAGLE PCB Design Software in Chinese

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Altera - Developing Software for Embedded Systems on FPGAs

Tutoriels :

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Ben Heck The Great Glue Gun Trailer Part 1

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the knode tutorial - element14

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Ben's Autodesk 123D Tutorial Trailer

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Ben's CadSoft EAGLE Tutorial Trailer

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Ben Heck's Soldering Tutorial Trailer

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Ben Heck's AVR Dev Board tutorial

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Ben Heck's Pinball Tutorial Trailer

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Ben Heck's Interface Tutorial Trailer

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First Stage with Python and PiFace Digital

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Cypress - Getting Started with PSoC® 3 - Part 2

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Energy Harvesting Challenge

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New Features of CadSoft EAGLE v6

Autres documentations :

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Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 1 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U (48 x 48 mm) New 48 x 48-mm Basic Temperature Controller with Enhanced Functions and Performance. Improved Indication Accuracy and Preventive Maintenance Function. • Indication Accuracy Thermocouple input: ±0.3% of PV (previous models: ±0.5%) Pt input: ±0.2% of PV (previous models: ±0.5%) Analog input: ±0.2% FS (previous models: ±0.5%) • New E5CN-U Models (Plug-in Models) with analog inputs and current outputs. • A PV/SV-status display function can be set to alternate between displaying the PV or SV and the status of the Temperature Controller (auto/manual, RUN/STOP and alarms). • Preventive maintenance for relays using a Control Output ON/OFF Counter. Main I/O Functions 48 × 48-mm E5CN 48 × 48-mm E5CN-U Refer to Safety Precautions on page 18. Event Inputs • None • Two Sensor Inputs • Universal thermocouple/Pt inputs (Models with temperature inputs) • Analog current/voltage inputs (Models with analog inputs) Indication Accuracy • Thermocouple input: ±0.3% of PV • Pt input: ±0.2% of PV • Analog input: ±0.2% FS Sampling Period and control update • 250 ms Control Output 1 • Relay output • Voltage output (for driving SSR) • Current output • Long-life relay output (hybrid) Control Output 2 • None • Voltage output (for driving SSR) 2 Auxiliary Outputs 2 line Display: PV and SV 4-digit, 11 segment display E5CN • Auto/manual switching • Temperature Controller status display • Simple program function • Control output ON/OFF count alarm • PV change rate alarm • Models optional with RS-485 communications This data sheet is provided as a guideline for selecting products. Be sure to refer to the following user manuals for application precautions and other information required for operation before attempting to use the product. E5CN/E5AN/E5EN Digital Temperature Controllers User's Manual Basic Type (Cat. No. H156) E5CN/E5AN/E5EN Digital Temperature Controllers Communications Manual Basic Type (Cat. No. H158) 2 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Lineup Note: All models can be used for Heating, Cooling and Heating & Cooling control Model Number Structure Model Number Legend Controllers 1. Control Output 1 R: Relay output Q: Voltage output (for driving SSR) C: Current output Y: Long-life relay output (hybrid) ✽1 2. Auxiliary Outputs ✽2 2: Two outputs 3. Option M: Option Unit can be mounted. 4. Input Type T: Universal thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer L: Analog current/voltage input 5. Power Supply Voltage Blank: 100 to 240 VAC D: 24 VAC/VDC 6. Case Color Blank: Black W: Silver (contact your local sales for more information) 7. Terminal Cover -500: With terminal cover Option Units 1. Applicable Controller CN: E5CN 2. Function 1 Blank: None Q: Control output 2 (voltage for driving SSR) P: Power supply for sensor 3. Function 2 Blank: None H: Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection (CT1) HH: Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection (For 3-phase heater applications, 2x CT) B: Two event inputs 03: RS-485 communications H03: Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection (CT1) + RS-485 communications HB: Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection (CT1) + Two event inputs HH03: Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection (For 3-phase heater applications, 2x CT) 4. Version N2: Applicable only to models produced after January 2008 (Box marked with N6) Note: Not all combinations of function 1 and function 2 specifications are possible for Option Units (E53-CN@@N2). ✽1. Always connect an AC load to a long-life relay output. The output will not turn OFF if a DC load is connected because a triac is used for switching the circuit. For details, check the conditions in Ratings. ✽2. Auxiliary outputs are contact outputs that can be used to output alarms, control or results of logic operations. Plug-in Terminal block E5CN Basic Type Analog input Temperature input 2 control outputs 1 control output 2 control outputs 1 control output 2 auxiliary outputs 2 auxiliary outputs 2 auxiliary outputs 2 auxiliary outputs Analog input Temperature input 1 control output 1 control output 2 auxiliary outputs 2 auxiliary outputs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E5CN-@2M@@-@-500 1 2 3 4 E53-CN@@N2 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 3 Ordering Information Controllers with Terminal Blocks Note: add power supply voltage to model to complete ordering code (ie. E5CN-R2MT-500 AC100-240 or E5CN-R2MTD-500 AC/DC24) Option Units One of the following Option Units can be mounted to provide the E5CN with additional functions. Note: Option Units cannot be used for plug-in models. These Option Units are applicable only to models produced after January 2008 (Box marked with N6). Size Case color Power supply voltage Input type Auxiliary outputs Control output 1 Model 1/16 DIN 48 × 48 × 78 (W × H × D) Black 100 to 240 VAC Thermocouple or Resistance thermometer 2 Relay output E5CN-R2MT-500 Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2MT-500 Current output E5CN-C2MT-500 Long-life relay output (hybrid) E5CN-Y2MT-500 24 VAC/VDC Thermocouple or Resistance thermometer 2 Relay output E5CN-R2MTD-500 Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2MTD-500 Current output E5CN-C2MTD-500 100 to 240 VAC Analog (current/voltage) 2 Relay output E5CN-R2ML-500 Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2ML-500 Current output E5CN-C2ML-500 Long-life relay output (hybrid) E5CN-Y2ML-500 24 VAC/VDC Analog (current/voltage) 2 Relay output E5CN-R2MLD-500 Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2MLD-500 Current output E5CN-C2MLD-500 Functions Model Event inputs E53-CNBN2 Event inputs Control output 2 (Voltage for driving SSR) E53-CNQBN2 Event inputs Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNHBN2 Event inputs External power supply for ES1B E53-CNPBN2 Communications RS-485 E53-CN03N2 Communications RS-485 Control output 2 (Voltage for driving SSR) E53-CNQ03N2 Communications RS-485 Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNH03N2 Communications RS-485 3-phase heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNHH03N2 Communications RS-485 External power supply for ES1B E53-CNP03N2 Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection Control output 2 (Voltage for driving SSR) E53-CNQHN2 3-phase heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection Control output 2 (Voltage for driving SSR) E53-CNQHHN2 Heater burnout/SSR failure/Heater overcurrent detection External power supply for ES1B E53-CNPHN2 4 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Model Number Structure Model Number Legend (Plug-in-type Controllers) 1. Output Type R: Relay output Q: Voltage output (for driving SSR) C: Current output 2. Number of Alarms 2: Two alarms 3. Input Type T: Universal thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer L: Analog Input 4. Plug-in type U: Plug-in type Ordering Information Plug-in-type Controllers Note: add power supply voltage to model to complete ordering code. (ie. E5CN-R2TU AC100-240 or E5CN-R2TDU AC/DC24) 1 2 3 4 E5CN-@2@U Size Case color Power supply voltage Input type Auxiliary outputs Control output 1 Model 1/16 DIN Black 100 to 240 VAC Thermocouple or resistance thermometer 2 Relay output E5CN-R2TU Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2TU Current output E5CN-C2TU Analog (current/voltage) 2 Relay output E5CN-R2LU Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2LU Current output E5CN-C2LU 24 VAC/VDC Thermocouple or resistance thermometer 2 Relay output E5CN-R2TDU Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN-Q2TDU Current output E5CN-C2TDU Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 5 Accessories (Order Separately) USB-Serial Conversion Cable Terminal Cover Note: The Terminal Cover comes with the E5CN-@@@-500 models. Waterproof Packing Note: The Waterproof Packing is included with the Controller only for models with terminal blocks. Current Transformers (CTs) Adapter Note: Use this Adapter when the panel has been previously prepared for the E5B@ (72x72 mm panel cut-out). Sockets (for Plug-in Models) CX-Thermo Support Software Model E58-CIFQ1 Connectable models Terminal block models Model E53-COV17 Model Y92S-29 Hole diameter Model 5.8 dia. E54-CT1 12.0 dia. E54-CT3 Connectable models Model Terminal block models Y92F-45 Type Model Front-connecting Socket P2CF-11 Front-connecting Socket with Finger Protection P2CF-11-E Back-connecting Socket P3GA-11 Terminal Cover for Back-connecting socket with Finger Protection Y92A-48G Model EST2-2C-MV4 6 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Specifications Ratings Power supply voltage No D in model number: 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz D in model number: 24 VAC, 50/60 Hz; 24 VDC Operating voltage range 85% to 110% of rated supply voltage Power consumption E5CN 100 to 240 VAC: 7.5 VA (max.) (E5CN-R2T at 100 VAC: 3.0 VA) 24 VAC/VDC: 5 VA/3 W (max.) (E5CN-R2TD at 24 VAC: 2.7 VA) E5CN-U 100 to 240 VAC: 6 VA (max.) 24 VAC/VDC: 3 VA/2 W (max.) (models with current output: 4 VA/2 W) Sensor input Models with temperature inputs Thermocouple: K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W, or PL II Platinum resistance thermometer: Pt100 or JPt100 Infrared temperature sensor: 10 to 70° C, 60 to 120°C, 115 to 165° C, or 140 to 260°C Voltage input: 0 to 50 mV Models with analog inputs Current input: 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 20 mA Voltage input: 1 to 5 V, 0 to 5 V, or 0 to 10 V Input impedance Current input: 150 Ω max., Voltage input: 1 MΩ min. (Use a 1:1 connection when connecting the ES2-HB.) Control method ON/OFF control or 2-PID control (with auto-tuning) Control outputs Relay output E5CN SPST-NO, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load), electrical life: 100,000 operations, minimum applicable load: 5 V, 10 mA E5CN-U SPDT, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load), electrical life: 100,000 operations, minimum applicable load: 5 V, 10 mA Voltage output (for driving SSR) E5CN E5CN-U Output voltage: 12 VDC ±15% (PNP), max. load current: 21 mA, with short-circuit protection circuit Current output E5CN 4 to 20 mA DC/0 to 20 mA DC, load: 600 Ω max., resolution: approx. 10,000 Long-life relay output E5CN SPST-NO, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load), electrical life: 1,000,000 operations, load power supply voltage: 75 to 250 VAC (DC loads cannot be connected.), minimum applicable load: 5 V, 10 mA, leakage current: 5 mA max. (250 VAC, 60 Hz) Auxiliary outputs Number of outputs 2 Output specifications Relay output: SPST-NO, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load), electrical life: 100,000 operations, minimum applicable load: 5 V, 10 mA Event inputs Number of inputs 2 External contact input specifications Contact input: ON: 1 kΩ max., OFF: 100 kΩ min. Non-contact input: ON: Residual voltage: 1.5 V max., OFF: Leakage current: 0.1 mA max. Current flow: Approx. 7 mA per contact External power supply for ES1B 12 VDC ±10%, 20 mA, short-circuit protection circuit provided Setting method Digital setting using front panel keys Indication method 11-segment digital display and individual indicators (7-segment display emulation also possible) Character height: PV: 11 mm, SV: 6.5 mm Multi SP Up to four set points (SP0 to SP3) can be saved and selected using event inputs, key operations, or serial communications. Bank switching Not supported Other functions Manual output, heating/cooling control, loop burnout alarm, SP ramp, other alarm functions, heater burnout detection, 40% AT, 100% AT, MV limiter, input digital filter, self-tuning, temperature input shift, run/stop, protection functions, control output ON/OFF counter, extraction of square root, MV change rate limit, logic operations, PV/SV status display, simple program, automatic cooling coefficient adjustment Ambient operating temperature −10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing), for 3-year warranty: −10 to 50°C Ambient operating humidity 25% to 85% Storage temperature −25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 7 Input Ranges Thermocouple/Platinum Resistance Thermometer (Universal Inputs) Models with Analog Inputs Shaded settings are the default settings. Input Type Platinum resistance thermometer Thermocouple Infrared temperature sensor Analog input Name Pt100 JPt100 K J T E L U N R S B W PL II 10 to 70°C 60 to 120 °C 115 to 165 °C 140 to 260 °C 0 to 50 mV Temperature range (° C) 2300 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 −100.0 −200.0 2300 Usable in the following ranges by scaling: −1999 to 9999 or −199.9 to 999.9 1800 1700 1700 1300 1300 1300 850 850 850 600 500.0 500.0 500.0 400.0 400 400.0 400 400.0 260 120 165 100.0 100.0 90 100 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −20.0 −100 −20.0 −100 −200 −199.9 −199.9 −200 −200 −199.9 −200 −200 −199.9 −200 Setting number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 Shaded settings are the default settings. The applicable standards for the input types are as follows: K, J, T, E, N, R, S, B: JIS C 1602-1995, IEC 584-1 L: Fe-CuNi, DIN 43710-1985 U: Cu-CuNi, DIN 43710-1985 W: W5Re/W26Re, ASTM E988-1990 JPt100: JIS C 1604-1989, JIS C 1606-1989 Pt100: JIS C 1604-1997, IEC 751 PL II: According to Platinel II electromotive force charts from BASF (previously Engelhard) Input Type Current Voltage Input specification 4 to 20mA 0 to 20 mA 1 to 5 V 0 to 5 V 0 to 10 V Setting range Usable in the following ranges by scaling: −1999 to 9999, −199.9 to 999.9, −19.99 to 99.99 or −1.999 to 9.999 Setting number 0 1 2 3 4 8 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Alarm Outputs Each alarm can be independently set to one of the following 13 alarm types. The default is 2: Upper limit. Auxiliary outputs are allocated for alarms. ON delays and OFF delays (0 to 999 s) can also be specified. Note: For models with heater burnout, SSR failure, and heater overcurrent detection, alarm 1 will be an OR output of the alarm selected from the following alarm types and the alarms for heater burnout, SSR failure, and heater overcurrent. To output only a heater burnout alarm, SSR failure alarm, and heater overcurrent alarm for alarm 1, set the alarm type to 0 (i.e., no alarm function). ✽1. With set values 1, 4 and 5, the upper and lower limit values can be set independently for each alarm type, and are expressed as “L” and “H.” ✽2. Set value: 1, Upper- and lower-limit alarm ✽3. Set value: 4, Upper- and lower-limit range ✽4. Set value: 5, Upper- and lower-limit with standby sequence For Upper- and Lower-Limit Alarm Described Above • Case 1 and 2 Always OFF when the upper-limit and lower-limit hysteresis overlaps. • Case 3: Always OFF ✽5. Set value: 5, Upper- and lower-limit with standby sequence Always OFF when the upper-limit and lower-limit hysteresis overlaps. Set value Alarm type Alarm output operation When X is positive When X is negative 0 Alarm function OFF Output OFF 1 ✽1 Upper- and lowerlimit ✽2 2 Upper limit 3 Lower limit 4 ✽1 Upper- and lowerlimit range ✽3 5 ✽1 Upper- and lowerlimit with standby sequence ✽4 6 Upper-limit with standby sequence 7 Lower-limit with standby sequence 8 Absolute-value upper-limit 9 Absolute-value lower-limit 10 Absolute-value upper-limit with standby sequence 11 Absolute-value lower-limit with standby sequence 12 LBA (for alarm 1 only) --- 13 PV change rate alarm --- ON OFF SP L H SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP ON X OFF SP ON X OFF SP L H ON OFF SP L H ON OFF ✽5 SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP ON X OFF 0 ON X OFF 0 X ON OFF 0 X ON OFF 0 X ON OFF 0 X ON OFF 0 ON X OFF 0 X ON OFF 0 X ON OFF L H H < 0, L > 0 ⏐H⏐ < ⏐L⏐ SP Case 1 L H H > 0, L < 0 ⏐H⏐ > ⏐L⏐ SP Case 2 H L H < 0, L < 0 SP H L H < 0, L > 0 SP ⏐H⏐ ≥ ⏐L⏐ H L H > 0, L < 0 SP ⏐H⏐ ≤ ⏐L⏐ Case 3 (Always ON) L H SP Case 1 SP L H Case 2 H SP L L L H SP SPH Case 3 (Always OFF) H < 0, L > 0 ⏐H⏐ < ⏐L⏐ H > 0, L < 0 ⏐H⏐ > ⏐L⏐ H < 0, L < 0 H < 0, L > 0 ⏐H⏐ ≥ ⏐L⏐ H > 0, L < 0 ⏐H⏐ ≤ ⏐L⏐ Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 9 Characteristics ✽1. The indication accuracy of K thermocouples in the −200 to 1300° C range, T and N thermocouples at a temperature of −100° C max., and U and L thermocouples at any temperatures is ±2° C ±1 digit max. The indication accuracy of the B thermocouple at a temperature of 400° C max. is not specified. The indication accuracy of B thermocouples in the 400 to 800° C range is ±3° C max. The indication accuracy of the R and S thermocouples at a temperature of 200° C max. is ±3° C ±1 digit max. The indication accuracy of W thermocouples is ±0.3 of PV or ±3° C, whichever is greater, ±1 digit max. The indication accuracy of PL II thermocouples is ±0.3 of PV or ±2° C, whichever is greater, ± 1 digit max. ✽2. Ambient temperature: −10° C to 23° C to 55° C, Voltage range: −15% to 10% of rated voltage ✽3. K thermocouple at −100°C max.: ±10° max. ✽4. “EU” stands for Engineering Unit and is used as the unit after scaling. For a temperature sensor, the EU is ° C or ° F. ✽5. When robust tuning (RT) is ON, the differential time is 0.0 to 999.9 (in units of 0.1 s). ✽6. External communications (RS-485) and cable communications for the Setup Tool can be used at the same time. ✽7. The E5CN-U plug-in model is certified for UL listing only when used together with the OMRON P2CF-11 Socket. Indication accuracy Thermocouple: ✽1 Terminal block models (E5CN): (±0.3% of indicated value or ±1° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±1% of indicated value or ±2° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Platinum resistance thermometer input: Terminal block models (E5CN) and plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±0.2% of indicated value or ±0.8° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Analog input: Terminal block models (E5CN) and plug-in models (E5CN-U): ±0.2% FS ±1 digit max. CT input: Terminal block models (E5CN): ±5% FS ±1 digit max. Influence of temperature ✽2 Thermocouple input (R, S, B, W, PL II): Terminal block models (E5CN): (±1% of PV or ±10° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±2% of PV or ±10° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Other thermocouple input: ✽3 Terminal block models (E5CN): (±1% of PV or ±4° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±2% of PV or ±4° C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Platinum resistance thermometer input: Terminal block models (E5CN) and plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±1% of PV or ±2°C, whichever is greater) ±1 digit max. Analog input: Terminal block models (E5CN) and plug-in models (E5CN-U): (±1%FS) ±1 digit max. Influence of voltage ✽2 Input sampling period 250 ms Hysteresis Models with thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer input (universal input): 0.1 to 999.9 EU (in units of 0.1 EU) ✽4 Models with analog input: 0.01 to 99.99% FS (in units of 0.01% FS) Proportional band (P) Models with thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer input (universal input): 0.1 to 999.9 EU (in units of 0.1 EU) ✽4 Models with analog input: 0.1 to 999.9% FS (in units of 0.1% FS) Integral time (I) 0 to 3999 s (in units of 1 s) Derivative time (D) 0 to 3999 s (in units of 1 s) ✽5 Control period 0.5, 1 to 99 s (in units of 1 s) Manual reset value 0.0 to 100.0% (in units of 0.1%) Alarm setting range −1999 to 9999 (decimal point position depends on input type) Affect of signal source resistance Thermocouple: 0.1° C/Ω max. (100 Ω max.) Platinum resistance thermometer: 0.1° C/Ω max. (10 Ω max.) Insulation resistance 20 MΩ min. (at 500 VDC) Dielectric strength 2,300 VAC, 50 or 60 Hz for 1 min (between terminals with different charge) Vibration resistance Malfunction 10 to 55 Hz, 20 m/s2 for 10 min each in X, Y, and Z directions Destruction 10 to 55 Hz, 0.75-mm single amplitude for 2 hrs each in X, Y, and Z directions Shock resistance Malfunction 100 m/s2, 3 times each in X, Y, and Z directions Destruction 300 m/s2, 3 times each in X, Y, and Z directions Weight E5CN Controller: Approx. 150 g, Mounting Bracket: Approx. 10 g E5CN-U Controller: Approx. 110 g, Mounting Bracket: Approx. 10 g Degree of protection E5CN Front panel: IP66, Rear case: IP20, Terminals: IP00 E5CN-U Front panel: IP50, Rear case: IP20, Terminals: IP00 Memory protection Non-volatile memory (number of writes: 1,000,000 times) Setup Tool CX-Thermo version 4.0 or higher Setup Tool port Provided on the bottom of the E5CN. Use this port to connect a computer to the E5CN when using the Setup Tool. An E58-CIFQ1 USB-Serial Conversion Cable is required to connect the computer to the E5CN. ✽6 Standards Approved standards ✽7 UL 61010-1, CSA C22.2 No. 1010-1 Conformed standards EN 61010-1 (IEC 61010-1): Pollution level 2, overcurrent category II EMC EMI: EN 61326 Radiated Interference Electromagnetic Field Strength: EN 55011 Group 1, class A Noise Terminal Voltage: EN 55011 Group 1, class A EMS: EN 61326 ESD Immunity: EN 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic Field Immunity: EN 61000-4-3 Burst Noise Immunity: EN 61000-4-4 Conducted Disturbance Immunity: EN 61000-4-6 Surge Immunity: EN 61000-4-5 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity: EN 61000-4-8 Voltage Dip/Interrupting Immunity: EN 61000-4-11 10 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U USB-Serial Conversion Cable Note: A driver must be installed in the personal computer. Refer to installation information in the operation manual for the Conversion Cable. Communications Specifications ✽ The baud rate, data bit length, stop bit length, and vertical parity can be individually set using the Communications Setting Level. Current Transformer (Order Separately) Ratings Heater Burnout Alarms, SSR Failure Alarms, and Heater Overcurrent Alarms ✽1. For heater burnout alarms, the heater current will be measured when the control output is ON, and the output assigned to the alarm 1 function will turn ON if the heater current is lower than the set value (i.e., heater burnout detection current value). ✽2. For SSR failure alarms, the heater current will be measured when the control output is OFF, and the output assigned to the alarm 1 function will turn ON if the heater current is higher than the set value (i.e., SSR failure detection current value). ✽3. For heater overcurrent alarms, the heater current will be measured when the control output is ON, and the output assigned to the alarm 1 function will turn ON if the heater current is higher than the set value (i.e., heater overcurrent detection current value). Electrical Life Expectancy Curve for Relays (Reference Values) Note: Do not connect a DC load to a Controller with a Long-life Relay Output. Applicable OS Windows 2000, XP, or Vista Applicable software Thermo Mini, CX-Thermo version 4.0 or higher Applicable models E5AN/E5EN/E5CN/E5CN-U/E5AN-H/ E5EN-H/E5CN-H USB interface standard Conforms to USB Specification 1.1. DTE speed 38400 bps Connector specifications Computer: USB (type A plug) Temperature Controller: Setup Tool port (on bottom of Controller) Power supply Bus power (Supplied from USB host controller.) Power supply voltage 5 VDC Current consumption 70 mA Ambient operating temperature 0 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing) Ambient operating humidity 10% to 80% Storage temperature −20 to 60°C (with no condensation or icing) Storage humidity 10% to 80% Altitude 2,000 m max. Weight Approx. 100 g Transmission line connection method RS-485: Multipoint Communications RS-485 (two-wire, half duplex) Synchronization method Start-stop synchronization Protocol CompoWay/F, SYSWAY, or Modbus Baud rate 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, or 57600 bps Transmission code ASCII Data bit length ✽ 7 or 8 bits Stop bit length ✽ 1 or 2 bits Error detection Vertical parity (none, even, odd) Frame check sequence (FCS) with SYSWAY Block check character (BCC) with CompoWay/F or CRC-16 Modbus Flow control None Interface RS-485 Retry function None Communications buffer 217 bytes Communications response wait time 0 to 99 ms Default: 20 ms Dielectric strength 1,000 VAC for 1 min Vibration resistance 50 Hz, 98 m/s2 Weight E54-CT1: Approx. 11.5 g, E54-CT3: Approx. 50 g Accessories (E54-CT3 only) Armatures (2) Plugs (2) CT input (for heater current detection) Models with detection for single-phase heaters: One input Models with detection for single-phase or three-phase heaters: Two inputs Maximum heater current 50 A AC Input current indication accuracy ±5% FS ±1 digit max. Heater burnout alarm setting range ✽1 0.1 to 49.9 A (in units of 0.1 A) Minimum detection ON time: 100 ms SSR failure alarm setting range ✽2 0.1 to 49.9 A (in units of 0.1 A) Minimum detection OFF time: 100 ms Heater overcurrent alarm setting range ✽3 0.1 to 49.9 A (in units of 0.1 A) Minimum detection ON time: 100 ms 500 300 100 50 30 10 5 3 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 E5CN 250 VAC, 30 VDC (resistive load) cosφ = 1 Switching current (A) Life (× 104 operations) Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 11 External Connections • A voltage output (control output, for driving SSR) is not electrically insulated from the internal circuits. When using a grounding thermocouple, do not connect any of the control output terminals to ground. (If the control output terminals are connected to ground, errors will occur in the measured temperature values as a result of leakage current.) • Consult with your OMRON representative before using the external power supply for the ES1B for any other purpose. E5CN Controllers Option Units E5CN-U Note: For the Wiring Socket, purchase the P2CF-11 or PG3A-11 separately. Relay output 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) Voltage output (for driving SSR) 12 VDC, 21 mA Current output 0 to 20 mA DC Load: 600 Ω max. 4 to 20 mA DC Long-life relay output 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) Control output 1 + − A B B + − Input power supply Control output 1 Auxiliary outputs (relay outputs) 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) • 100 to 240 VAC • 24 VAC/VDC (no polarity) + − + V − Auxiliary output 2 mA Auxiliary output 1 A heater burnout alarm, heater short alarm, heater overcurrent alarm, or input alarm is sent to the output to which the alarm 1 function is assigned. DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE mA Volt T/c Pt Analog input Temperature input 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E V 1 E V 2 E53-CNHBN2 Event inputs and CT 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E53-CNPBN2 Event Inputs and External Power Supply E V 1 E V 2 + − External power supply 12 VDC, 20 mA 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E53-CNPHN2 External Power Supply and CT + − External power supply 12 VDC, 20 mA 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 B(+) A(−) RS-485 E53-CNP03N2 Communications (RS-485) and External Power Supply + − External power supply 12 VDC, 20 mA 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E53-CNQHN2 Control Output 2 and CT + − Control output 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E V 1 E V 2 E53-CNQBN2 Event Inputs and Control Output 2 + − Control output 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 B(+) A(−) RS-485 E53-CNHH03N2 Communications (RS-485) and CT2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 B(+) A(−) RS-485 E53-CNQ03N2 Communications (RS-485) and Control Output 2 + − Control output 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 B(+) A(−) RS-485 E53-CN03N2 Communications (RS-485) 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E V 1 E V 2 E53-CNBN2 Event inputs 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 E53-CNQHHN2 Control Output 2 and CT2 + − Control output 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 B(+) A(−) RS-485 E53-CNH03N2 Communications (RS-485) and CT DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE CT1 CT1 CT1 CT1 CT1 CT1 CT2 CT2 Voltage output (for driving SSR) 12 VDC, 21 mA Control output 2 A B B Auxiliary output 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) Control output 1 Input power supply • 100 to 240 VAC • 24 VAC/VDC (no polarity) Auxiliary output 1 (Relay outputs) V m A An input error is sent to the output to which the alarm 1 function is assigned. Current output 0 to 20 mA DC Relay output (three terminals used) SPDT, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) Voltage output (for driving SSR) 12 VDC, 21 mA Load: 600 W max. 4 to 20 mA DC Control output 1 Auxiliary output 2 (Control output (cooling side)) DO NOT USE DO NOT USE DO NOT USE mA Volt T/c Pt Analog input Temperature input 12 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Nomenclature Dimensions (Unit: mm) Accessories (Order Separately) USB-Serial Conversion Cable Operation indicators Level Key Temperature unit No.1 display No. 2 display Up Key Mode Key Down Key E5CN E5CN-U The front panel is the same for the E5CN and E5CN-U. 45+0.6 0 45+0.6 0 45+0.6 0 60 min. (48 × number of units − 2.5)+1.0 0 Group mounting does not allow waterproofing. Panel Cutout Mounted Separately Group Mounted 48 × 48 Terminal Cover (E53-COV17) (Accessory) 44.8 × 44.8 48.8 6 1.5 91 78 Mounting Adapter (Accessory) 58 Waterproof Packing (Accessory) E5CN Terminal Models Note: The terminal block cannot be removed. • Recommended panel thickness is 1 to 5 mm. • Group mounting is not possible in the vertical direction. (Maintain the specified mounting space between Controllers.) • To mount the Controller so that it is waterproof, insert the waterproof packing onto the Controller. • When two or more Controllers are mounted, make sure that the surrounding temperature does not exceed the allowable operating temperature specified in the specifications. 48 × 48 6 14.2 58 44.8 × 44.8 70.5 (84.7) Mounting Adapter (Accessory) 45+0.6 0 45+0.6 0 45+0.6 0 60 min. (48 × number of units − 2.5)+1.0 0 Panel Cutout Mounted Separately Group Mounted E5CN-U Plug-in Models • Recommended panel thickness is 1 to 5 mm. • Group mounting is not possible in the vertical direction. (Maintain the specified mounting space between Controllers.) • When two or more Controllers are mounted, make sure that the surrounding temperature does not exceed the allowable operating temperature specified in the specifications. (2,100) 250 1,765 USB connector (type A plug) Serial connector LED indicator (RD) LED indicator (SD) E58-CIFQ1 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 13 Current Transformers 48 48.8 22 9.1 Order the Waterproof Packing separately if it becomes lost or damaged. The Waterproof Packing can be used to achieve an IP66 degree of protection. (Deterioration, shrinking, or hardening of the waterproof packing may occur depending on the operating environment. Therefore, periodic replacement is recommended to ensure the level of waterproofing specified in IP66. The time for periodic replacement depends on the operating environment. Be sure to confirm this point at your site. Consider one year a rough standard. OMRON shall not be liable for the level of water resistance if the customer does not perform periodic replacement.) The Waterproof Packing does not need to be attached if a waterproof structure is not required. Terminal Cover E53-COV17 Waterproof Packing Y92S-29 (for DIN 48 × 48) Note: The E53-COV10 cannot be used. E54-CT3 Accessory • Armature 30 21 15 5.8 dia. 25 3 40 10.5 2.8 7.5 10 Two, 3.5 dia. 40 × 40 30 12 dia. 9 2.36 dia. 15 30 Two, M3 (depth: 4) Approx. 3 dia. 18 (22) Approx. 6 dia. Plug Armature Lead E54-CT1 E54-CT3 Connection Example • Plug E54-CT1 Thru-current (Io) vs. Output Voltage (Eo) (Reference Values) Maximum continuous heater current: 50 A (50/60 Hz) Number of windings: 400±2 Winding resistance: 18±2 Ω Thru-current (Io) A (r.m.s.) 1 10 100 mA 1 10 100 1,000 A Output voltage (Eo) V (r.m.s.) 100 V 50 Hz Distortion factor 10% 3% 1% 100 Ω RL = 10 Ω 10 ∞ 1 100 mV 10 1 100 μV 10 1 kΩ E54-CT3 Thru-current (Io) vs. Output Voltage (Eo) (Reference Values) Maximum continuous heater current: 120 A (50/60 Hz) (Maximum continuous heater current for the Temperature Controller is 50 A.) Number of windings: 400±2 Winding resistance: 8±0.8 Ω 3% 1% 1 kΩ 100 Ω 50 Ω RL = 10 Ω 500 Ω ∞ Distortion factor 10% Thru-current (Io) A (r.m.s.) 1 10 100 mA 1 10 100 1,000 A Output voltage (Eo) V (r.m.s.) 100 V 50 Hz 10 1 100 mV 10 1 100 μV 10 14 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Adapter E5CN-U Wiring Socket Note: A model with finger protection (P2CF-11-E) is also available. Note: 1. Using any other sockets will adversely affect accuracy. Use only the specified sockets. 2. A Protective Cover for finger protection (Y92A-48G) is also available. Fixture (Accessory) 69.6 to 77.6 67 × 67 87 72 × 72 4.7 76 72 × 72 48 × 48 Panel (1 to 8 mm) 77.3 (to back of E5CN) 2.2 4.7 Y92F-45 Note: Use this Adapter when the panel has already been prepared for the E5B@. Mounted to E5CN 40±0.2 4.5 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 9 10 11 70 max. 4 Eleven, M3.5 × 7.5 sems screws 7.8 Two, 4.5-dia. holes 50 max. 3 31.2 max. 35.4 Note: Can also be mounted to a DIN track. Mounting Holes Terminal Layout/Internal Connections (Top View) Two, 4.5 dia. mounting holes Front-connecting Socket P2CF-11 5 6 7 8 4 3 2 9 1 11 10 25.6 27 dia. 45 45 4.5 16.3 6.2 4 7 3 8.7 6 Terminal Layout/Internal Connections (Bottom View) Back-connecting Socket P3GA-11 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 15 Operation Setting Levels Diagram This diagram shows all of the setting levels. To move to the advanced function setting level and calibration level, you must enter passwords. Some parameters are not displayed depending on the protect level setting and the conditions of use. Control stops when you move from the operation level to the initial setting level. Basic Type ✽1. You can return to the operation level by executing a software reset. ✽2. It is not possible to move to other levels from the calibration level by operating the keys on the front panel. It can be done only by first turning OFF the power. ✽3. From the manual control level, key operations can be used to move to the operation level only. Error Displays (Troubleshooting) When an error occurs, the No.1 display shows the error code. Take necessary measure according to the error code, referring the table below. Note: If the input value exceeds the display limit (-1999 to 9999), though it is within the control range, will be displayed under -1999 and above 9999. Under these conditions, control output and alarm output will operate normally. For details on the control range, refer to the E5CN/E5AN/E5EN Digital Temperature Controllers User's Manual Basic Type (Cat. No. H156). ✽These errors are displayed only when the PV/SP is displayed. Errors are not displayed for other displays. No.1 display Meaning Action Status at error Control output Alarm output s.err (S. Err) Input error ✽ Check the wiring of inputs for miswiring, disconnections, and short-circuits and check the input type. OFF Operates as above the upper limit. e333 (E333) A/D converter error Turn the power OFF then back ON again. If the display remains the same, the controller must be repaired. If the display is restored to normal, then a probable cause can be external noise affecting the control system. Check for external noise. OFF OFF e111 (E111) Memory error Turn the power OFF then back ON again. If the display remains the same, the controller must be repaired. If the display is restored to normal, then a probable cause can be external noise affecting the control system. Check for external noise. OFF OFF Start in manual mode. 25 10 0 c 25 10 0 c a- m Power ON ✽3 Manual mode Press the O Key or the PF Key for at least 1 s. ✽4 Press the O Key for at least 3 s while a-m is displayed. (a-m will flash after 1st second.) Operation Level Press the O Key for at least 1 s. Press the O Key for at least 1 s. Input password. Input password while amoV is displayed. (Set value −169) Press the O Key less than 1 s. Press the O Key for at least 3 s. (Display will flash after 1st second.) Control stops. Press the O Key for less than 1 s. Press the O+ M Keys for at least 3 s. (Display will flash after 1st second.) Protect Level Control in progress Level change Not displayed for some models Control stopped Start in automatic mode. Adjustment Level Initial Setting Level Manual Control Level Advanced Function Setting Level Calibration Level Communications Setting Level Press the O+ M Keys for at least 1 s. *1 Note: The time taken to move to the protect level can be adjusted by changing the “Move to protect level time” setting. ✽2 16 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U M M M M M M M psel cwf u-no 1 bps 9.6 len 7 sbit 2 prty even sdwt 20 Starting in manual mode. M M M M M M pmov 0 oapt 0 pmsk on prlp 0 icpt 1 wtpt off 25 M M M M M M M M M M ST (Self-tuning) M M M M in-t 5 in-h 100 in-l dp d-u sl-h 1300 sl-l -200 cntl onof s-hc stnd st on ptrn off cp 20 c-cp 20 orev or-r 0 0 c M M M l.adj cmwt off at off M M M M M M ct1 0.0 0.0 0.0 hb1 0.0 hb2 0. 0 M M 50.0 50.0 M M oc1 50.0 oc2 50.0 M M M sp-0 0 sp-1 0 sp-2 0 sp-3 0 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M of-r 50.0 soak 1 c-sc 1.00 d 40 p 8.0 i 233 c-db 0.0 hys 1.0 chys 1.0 ol-l -5.0 wt-b off mv-s 0.0 mv-e 0.0 ol-h 105.0 M M M ins 0.0 insh 0.0 insl 0. 0 sprt off sqrp 0.0 M M M a-m 25 25 0 M M M M M M M sp-m 0 ct1 0.0 ct2 0.0 lcr1 0.0 lcr2 0.0 prst rset sktr 0 M m-sp 0 r-s run M M M M M M M M M M M M c-o 0.0 al-1 0 al1h 0 al1l 0 al- 2 0 al2h 0 al2l 0 al-3 0 al3l 0 al3h 0 o 0.0 M orl 0.0 M ct2 lcr1 hs1 lcr2 hs2 0.0 0.0 alh1 0.2 M alt1 2 M Power ON Starting in automatic mode. Manual Control Level PID Control only PV/MV Press the O Key less than 1 s. Press the O Key less than 1 s. Operation Level Adjustment Level Adjustment Level Display Displayed only once when entering adjustment level. AT Execute/Cancel Communications Writing Heater Current 1 Value Monitor Heater Burnout Detection 1 Heater Overcurrent Detection 1 Heater Current 2 Value Monitor Heater Burnout Detection 2 Heater Overcurrent Detection 2 Leakage Current 1 Monitor Leakage Current 2 Monitor HS Alarm 1 HS Alarm 2 C SP 0 C SP 1 C SP 2 SP used by multi-SP C SP 3 C C C C C C C Temperature Input Shift 1-point shift 2-point shift Set either of these parameters. Upper Limit Temperature Input Shift Value Lower Limit Temperature Input Shift Value Proportional Band Integral Time PID settings Derivative Time Cooling Coefficient Heating/cooling Dead Band Manual Reset Value Clear the offset during stabilization of P or PD control. Hysteresis (Heating) Hysteresis (Cooling) Hysteresis settings C Soak Time Wait Band MV at Stop MV at PV Error C SP Ramp Set Value MV Upper Limit MV Lower Limit MV Change Rate Limit Extraction of Square Root Low-cut Point C Process Value Added when Additional PV display is ON. C Process Value/ Set Point C C C Auto/Manual Switch PID control only. Added when auto/manual select addition is ON. Multi-SP Set Point Setting Set Point During SP Ramp Heater Current 1 Value Monitor Heater Current 2 Value Monitor Leakage Current 1 Monitor Leakage Current 2 Monitor Program Start Soak Time Remain Press the O and M Keys for at least 3 s. Protect Level Press the O and M Keys for at least 1 s. Press the O Key less than 1 s. Communications Setting Level Note: The time taken to move to the protect level can be adjusted by changing the "Move to protect level time" setting. Note: Displayed only for models with communications. Changes are effective after cycling power or after a software reset. Move to Protect Level: Displayed only when a password is set. Restricts moving to protect level. Operation/Adjustment Protect: Restricts displaying and modifying menus in operation, adjustment, and manual control levels. Initial Setting/ Communications Protect: This protect level restricts movement to the initial setting, communications setting, and advanced function setting levels. Setting Change Protect: Protects changes to setups by operating the front panel keys. Password to Move to Protect Level: Password setting Parameter Mask Enable: Displayed only when a parameter mask is set. Protocol Setting: Switches between CompoWay/F (SYSWAY) and Modbus. Communications Unit No. Communications Baud Rate CompoWay/F (SYSWAY) only Communications Data Length Communications Stop Bits Communications Parity Send Data Wait Time C RUN/STOP Alarm Value 1 Set either of these parameters. Alarm Value Upper Limit 1 Alarm Value Lower Limit 1 C C C C Alarm Value 2 Set either of these parameters. Alarm Value Upper Limit 2 Alarm Value Lower Limit 2 C Alarm Value 3 C C Alarm Value Upper Limit 3 Alarm Value Lower Limit 3 Set either of these parameters. MV Monitor (Heating) MV Monitor (Cooling) Press the O Key for at least 1 s. Press the O Key less than 1 s. Initial Setting Level Input Type Scaling Upper Limit Scaling Lower Limit Decimal Point For input type of analog C C Temperature Unit °C, °F For input type of temperature SP Upper Limit SP Lower Limit Limit the set point PID ON/OFF Standard or Heating/Cooling For input type of temperature, standard control, or PID Program Pattern When assigning PID or control output to ON/OFF output Control Period (Heating) Control Period (Cooling) Set the ON/OFF output cycle. Direct/Reverse Operation C Alarm 1 Type Alarm 1 Hysteresis Press the O Key for at least 3 s. Other than the Auto/Manual Switch display Press the O Key for at least 1 s. Press the O Key for at least 3 s. Parameters Basic Type Some parameters are not displayed depending on the model of the Controller and parameter settings. For details, refer to the E5CN/E5AN/E5EN Digital Temperature Controllers User's Manual Basic Type (Cat. No. H156). Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 17 M M M M M M a1lt off a2lt off a3lt off prlt 3 sero off cjc on rlrv M M off colr red pv-b 5.0 M M M M M M M M M hsu on hsl off hsh 0.1 lba 0 lbal 8.0 lbab 3.0 out1 o out2 none M init off M M M M M M M M mspu off spru m rest a sb1n n-o sb2n n-o sb3n n-o hbu on hbl off hbh 0.1 M M M M ra1m 0 ra2m 0 ra2 0 ra1 0 rac 0 M M M M M spdp 4 odsl o pvdp on pvst off svst off M M cmov 0 inf 0.0 M M alfa 0.65 st-b 15.0 M M at-h 0.8 at-g 0.8 M lcma 20.0 M M M M M M a1on 0 a2on 0 a3 on 0 a1of 0 a2of 0 a3of 0 M M M M M ocu on ocl off och 0.1 M M M M M sub1 alm1 sub2 alm2 csel on t-u m alsp sp-m M pvrp 4 csca off M manl off M M M pvad off o-dp off ret off M istp ins1 M M mvse off amad off rt off M RT M M M M M M alt2 2 a lt3 2 tr-t off tr-h 100.0 tr-l 0.0 M o1-t 4-20 M M ev-m 1 ev-1 none ev-2 stop alh3 0.2 M alh2 0.2 M d. ref 0.2 5 Press the O Key for at least 1 s. Advanced Function Setting Level C Alarm 2 Type Alarm 3 Type Alarm 2 Hysteresis Alarm 3 Hysteresis C Transfer Output Type Linear output Transfer Output Upper Limit Transfer Output Lower Limit Linear Current Output Linear output Number of Multi-SP Uses Two SPs: 1 Four SPs: 2 Event Input Assignment 1 Event Input Assignment 2 M amov 0 M sqr off M Extraction of Square Root Enable Move to Advanced Function Setting Level: Displayed when initial setting/communications protect is set to 0. Move by setting password (−169). Parameter Initialization Multi-SP Uses SP Ramp Time Unit Standby Sequence Reset Auxiliary Output 1 Open in Alarm Auxiliary Output 2 Open in Alarm Auxiliary Output 3 Open in Alarm HB ON/OFF Heater Burnout Latch C C Heater Burnout Hysteresis ST Stable Range AT Calculated Gain α C AT Hysteresis Limit Cycle MV Amplitude Input Digital Filter Additional PV Display MV Display Automatic Display Return Time Alarm 1 Latch Alarm 2 Latch Alarm 3 Latch Move to Protect Level Time Input Error Output Cold Junction Compensation Method MB Command Logic Switching PV Change Color PV Stable Band Alarm 1 ON Delay Alarm 2 ON Delay Alarm 3 ON Delay Alarm 1 OFF Delay Alarm 2 OFF Delay Alarm 3 OFF Delay Input Shift Type MV at Stop and Error Addition Auto/Manual Select Addition HS Alarm Use HS Alarm Latch HS Alarm Hysteresis LBA Detection Time C C LBA Level LBA Band Control Output 1 Assignment Control Output 2 Assignment Auxiliary Output 1 Assignment Auxiliary Output 2 Assignment Character Select Soak Time Unit Alarm SP Selection Manual MV Limit Enable PV Rate of Change Calculation Period Automatic Cooling Coefficient Adjustment Heater Overcurrent Use Heater Overcurrent Latch Heater Overcurrent Hysteresis Move to Calibration Level "PV/SP" Display Screen Selection MV Display Selection PV Decimal Point Display PV Status Display Function SV Status Display Function Display Refresh Period Control Output 1 ON/OFF Count Monitor Control Output 2 ON/OFF Count Monitor Control Output 1 ON/OFF Count Alarm Set Value Control Output 2 ON/OFF Count Alarm Set Value ON/OFF Counter Reset 18 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Safety Precautions !CAUTION ✽1. An SELV circuit is one separated from the power supply with double insulation or reinforced insulation, that does not exceed 30 V r.m.s. and 42.4 V peak or 60 VDC. ✽2. A class 2 power supply is one tested and certified by UL as having the current and voltage of the secondary output restricted to specific levels. ✽3. The tightening torque for E5CN-U is 0.5 N·m. Precautions for Safe Use Be sure to observe the following precautions to prevent malfunction or adverse affects on the performance or functionality of the product. Not doing so may occasionally result in faulty operation. 1. This product is specifically designed for indoor use only. Do not use this product in the following places: • Places directly subject to heat radiated from heating equipment. • Places subject to splashing liquid or oil atmosphere. • Places subject to direct sunlight. • Places subject to dust or corrosive gas (in particular, sulfide gas and ammonia gas). • Places subject to intense temperature change. • Places subject to icing and condensation. • Places subject to vibration and large shocks. 2. Use and store the product within the rated ambient temperature and humidity. Gang-mounting two or more Temperature Controllers, or mounting Temperature Controllers above each other may cause heat to build up inside the Temperature Controllers, which will shorten their service life. In such a case, use forced cooling by fans or other means of air ventilation to cool down the Temperature Controllers. 3. To allow heat to escape, do not block the area around the product. Do not block the ventilation holes on the product. 4. Be sure to wire properly with correct polarity of terminals. 5. Use the specified size (M3.5, width 7.2 mm or less) crimped terminals for wiring. To connect bare wires to the terminal block, use stranded or solid copper wires with a gage of AWG24 to AWG14 (equal to a cross-sectional area of 0.205 to 2.081 mm2). (The stripping length is 5 to 6 mm.) Up to two wires of the same size and type or two crimp terminals can be inserted into a single terminal. 6. Do not wire the terminals that are not used. 7. To avoid inductive noise, keep the wiring for the product’s terminal block away from power cables carry high voltages or large currents. Also, do not wire power lines together with or parallel to product wiring. Using shielded cables and using separate conduits or ducts is recommended. Attach a surge suppressor or noise filter to peripheral devices that generate noise (in particular, motors, transformers, solenoids, magnetic coils, or other equipment that have an inductance component). When a noise filter is used at the power supply, first check the voltage or current, and attach the noise filter as close as possible to the product. Allow as much space as possible between the product and devices that generate powerful high frequencies (high-frequency welders, high-frequency sewing machines, etc.) or surge. 8. Use this product within the rated load and power supply. 9. Make sure that the rated voltage is attained within two seconds of turning ON the power using a switch or relay contact. If the voltage is applied gradually, the power may not be reset or output malfunctions may occur. 10.Make sure that the Temperature Controller has 30 minutes or more to warm up after turning ON the power before starting actual control operations to ensure the correct temperature display. Do not touch the terminals while power is being supplied. Doing so may occasionally result in minor injury due to electric shock. Do not allow pieces of metal, wire clippings, or fine metallic shavings or filings from installation to enter the product. Doing so may occasionally result in electric shock, fire, or malfunction. Do not use the product where subject to flammable or explosive gas. Otherwise, minor injury from explosion may occasionally occur. Do not leave the cable for the Support Software connected to the product. Malfunction may occur due to noise in the cable. Do not use the Temperature Controller or Conversion Cable if it is damaged. Doing so may occasionally result in minor electric shock or fire. Never disassemble, modify, or repair the product or touch any of the internal parts. Minor electric shock, fire, or malfunction may occasionally occur. CAUTION - Risk of Fire and Electric Shock a) This product is UL listed as Open Type Process Control Equipment. It must be mounted in an enclosure that does not allow fire to escape externally. b) More than one disconnect switch may be required to de-energize the equipment before servicing the product. c) Signal inputs are SELV, limited energy. ✽1 d) Caution: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not interconnect the outputs of different Class 2 circuits. ✽2 If the output relays are used past their life expectancy, contact fusing or burning may occasionally occur. Always consider the application conditions and use the output relays within their rated load and electrical life expectancy. The life expectancy of output relays varies considerably with the output load and switching conditions. Tighten the terminal screws to between 0.74 and 0.90 N·m. ✽3 Loose screws may occasionally result in fire. Set the parameters of the product so that they are suitable for the system being controlled. If they are not suitable, unexpected operation may occasionally result in property damage or accidents. A malfunction in the product may occasionally make control operations impossible or prevent alarm outputs, resulting in property damage. To maintain safety in the event of malfunction of the product, take appropriate safety measures, such as installing a monitoring device on a separate line. A semiconductor is used in the output section of long-life relays. If excessive noise or surge is impressed on the output terminals, a short-circuit failure is likely to occur. If the output remains shorted, fire will occur due to overheating of the heater or other cause. Take measures in the overall system to prevent excessive temperature increase and to prevent fire from spreading. Do not allow pieces of metal or wire cuttings to get inside the cable connector for the Support Software. Failure to do so may occasionally result in minor electric shock, fire, or damage to equipment. Do not allow dust and dirt to collect between the pins in the connector on the Conversion Cable. Failure to do so may occasionally result in fire. When inserting the body of the Temperature Controller into the case, confirm that the hooks on the top and bottom are securely engaged with the case. If the body of the Temperature Controller is not inserted properly, faulty contact in the terminal section or reduced water resistance may occasionally result in fire or malfunction. When connecting the Control Output Unit to the socket, press it in until there is no gap between the Control Output Unit and the socket. Otherwise contact faults in the connector pins may occasionally result in fire or malfunction. Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 19 11.When executing self-tuning, turn ON power to the load (e.g., heater) at the same time as or before supplying power to the product. If power is turned ON to the product before turning ON power to the load, self-tuning will not be performed properly and optimum control will not be achieved. 12.A switch or circuit breaker must be provided close to the product. The switch or circuit breaker must be within easy reach of the operator, and must be marked as a disconnecting means for this unit. 13.Always turn OFF the power supply before pulling out the interior of the product, and never touch nor apply shock to the terminals or electronic components. When inserting the interior of the product, do not allow the electronic components to touch the case. 14.Do not use paint thinner or similar chemical to clean with. Use standard grade alcohol. 15.Design the system (e.g., control panel) considering the 2 seconds of delay that the product's output to be set after power ON. 16.The output may turn OFF when shifting to certain levels. Take this into consideration when performing control. 17.The number of EEPROM write operations is limited. Therefore, use RAM write mode when frequently overwriting data during communications or other operations. 18.Always touch a grounded piece of metal before touching the Temperature Controller to discharge static electricity from your body. 19.Do not remove the terminal block. Doing so may result in failure or malfunction. 20.Control outputs (for driving SSR) that are voltage outputs are not isolated from the internal circuits. When using a grounded thermocouple, do not connect any of the control output terminals to ground. (Doing so may result in an unwanted circuit path, causing error in the measured temperature.) 21.When replacing the body of the Temperature Controller, check the condition of the terminals. If corroded terminals are used, contact failure in the terminals may cause the temperature inside the Temperature Controller to increase, possibly resulting in fire. If the terminals are corroded, replace the case as well. 22.Use suitable tools when taking the Temperature Controller apart for disposal. Sharp parts inside the Temperature Controller may cause injury. 23.Before connecting an Output Unit, confirm the specifications and thoroughly read relevant information in the datasheet and manual for the Temperature Controller. 24.Check the orientation of the connectors on the Conversion Cable before connecting the Conversion Cable. Do not force a connector if it does not connect smoothly. Using excessive force may damage the connector. 25.Do not place heavy object on the Conversion Cable, bend the cable past its natural bending radius, or pull on the cable with undue force. 26.Do not connect or disconnect the Conversion Cable while communications are in progress. Product faults or malfunction may occur. 27.Make sure that the Conversion Cable's metal components are not touching the external power terminals. 28.Do not touch the connectors on the Conversion Cable with wet hands. Electrical shock may result. 29.Before using infrared communications, correctly attach the enclosed Mounting Adapter to the cable for the Support Software. When connecting the infrared port on the cable to the Support Software into the Adapter, insert the connector to the specified line. Communications may not be possible if the connector is not connected properly. Precautions for Correct Use Service Life 1. Use the product within the following temperature and humidity ranges: Temperature: −10 to 55° C (with no icing or condensation) Humidity: 25% to 85% If the product is installed inside a control board, the ambient temperature must be kept to under 55°C, including the temperature around the product. 2. The service life of electronic devices like Temperature Controllers is determined not only by the number of times the relay is switched but also by the service life of internal electronic components. Component service life is affected by the ambient temperature: the higher the temperature, the shorter the service life and, the lower the temperature, the longer the service life. Therefore, the service life can be extended by lowering the temperature of the Temperature Controller. 3. When two or more Temperature Controllers are mounted horizontally close to each other or vertically next to one another, the internal temperature will increase due to heat radiated by the Temperature Controllers and the service life will decrease. In such a case, use forced cooling by fans or other means of air ventilation to cool down the Temperature Controllers. When providing forced cooling, however, be careful not to cool down the terminals sections alone to avoid measurement errors. Measurement Accuracy 1. When extending or connecting the thermocouple lead wire, be sure to use compensating wires that match the thermocouple types. 2. When extending or connecting the lead wire of the platinum resistance thermometer, be sure to use wires that have low resistance and keep the resistance of the three lead wires the same. 3. Mount the product so that it is horizontally level. 4. If the measurement accuracy is low, check to see if input shift has been set correctly. Waterproofing The degree of protection is as shown below. Sections without any specification on their degree of protection or those with IP@0 are not waterproof. Front panel: IP66 Rear case: IP20, Terminal section: IP00 (E5CN-U: Front panel: IP50, rear case: IP20, terminals: IP00) Operating Precautions 1. It takes approximately two seconds for the outputs to turn ON from after the power supply is turned ON. Due consideration must be given to this time when incorporating Temperature Controllers in a sequence circuit. 2. When using self-tuning, turn ON power for the load (e.g., heater) at the same time as or before supplying power to the Temperature Controller. If power is turned ON for the Temperature Controller before turning ON power for the load, self-tuning will not be performed properly and optimum control will not be achieved. 3. When starting operation after the Temperature Controller has warmed up, turn OFF the power and then turn it ON again at the same time as turning ON power for the load. (Instead of turning the Temperature Controller OFF and ON again, switching from STOP mode to RUN mode can also be used.) 4. Avoid using the Controller in places near a radio, television set, or wireless installing. These devices can cause radio disturbances which adversely affect the performance of the Controller. Others 1. The disk that is included with the Conversion Cable is designed for a computer CD-ROM driver. Never attempt to play the disk in a general-purpose audio player. 2. Do not connect or disconnect the Conversion Cable connector repeatedly over a short period of time. The computer may malfunction. 3. After connecting the Conversion Cable to the computer, check the COM port number before starting communications. The computer requires time to recognize the cable connection. This delay does not indicate failure. 4. Do not connect the Conversion Cable through a USB hub. Doing so may damage the Conversion Cable. 5. Do not use an extension cable to extend the Conversion Cable length when connecting to the computer. Doing so may damage the Conversion Cable. 20 Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U Mounting Mounting to a Panel For waterproof mounting, waterproof packing must be installed on the Controller. Waterproofing is not possible when group mounting several Controllers. Waterproof packing is not necessary when there is no need for the waterproofing function. 1. The Panel Mounting Adapter is also included with the E5CN-U. There is no waterproof packing included with the E5CN-U. 2. Insert the E5CN/E5CN-U into the mounting hole in the panel. 3. Push the adapter from the terminals up to the panel, and temporarily fasten the E5CN/E5CN-U. 4. Tighten the two fastening screws on the adapter. Alternately tighten the two screws little by little to maintain a balance. Tighten the screws to a torque of 0.29 to 0.39 N·m. Mounting the Terminal Cover Make sure that the “UP” mark is facing up, and then attach the E53- COV17 Terminal Cover to the holes on the top and bottom of the Temperature Controller. Removing the Temperature Controller from the Case The Temperature Controller can be removed from the case to perform maintenance without removing the terminal leads. This is possible for only the E5CN, E5AN, and E5EN, and not for the E5CN-U. Check the specifications of the case and Temperature Controller before removing the Temperature Controller from the case. 1. Insert a flat-blade screwdriver into the two tool insertion holes (one on the top and one on the bottom) to release the hooks. 2. Insert the flat-blade screwdriver in the gap between the front panel and rear case, and pull out the front panel slightly. Hold the top and bottom of the front panel and carefully pull it out toward you, without applying unnecessary force. 3. When inserting the body of the Temperature Controller into the case, make sure the PCBs are parallel to each other, make sure that the sealing rubber is in place, and press the E5CN toward the rear case into position. While pushing the E5CN into place, push down on the hooks on the top and bottom surfaces of the rear case so that the hooks are securely locked in place. Be sure that electronic components do not come into contact with the case. Precautions when Wiring • Separate input leads and power lines in order to prevent external noise. • Use wires with a gage of AWG24 (cross-sectional area: 0.205 mm2) to AWG14 (cross-sectional area: 2.081 mm2) twistedpair cable (stripping length: 5 to 6 mm). • Use crimp terminals when wiring the terminals. • Tighten the terminal screws to a torque of 0.74 to 0.90 N·m, however the terminal screws on the E5CN-U must be tightened to a torque of 0.5 N·m. • Use the following types of crimp terminals for M3.5 screws. • Do not remove the terminal block. Doing so will result in malfunction or failure. E53-COV17 Terminal Cover (Accessory) Adapter (Accessory) E5CN E5CN-U Waterproof packing (Accessory) Panel Order the P2CF-11 or P3GA-11 Socket separately. For Front-mounting Socket (Panel mounting is also possible. 0.4 2.0 (1) (2) (3) (1) Flat-blade screwdriver (Unit: mm) Tool insertion hole 7.2 mm max. 7.2 mm max. Basic-type Digital Temperature Controller E5CN/E5CN-U 21 Warranty and Application Considerations Read and Understand This Catalog Please read and understand this catalog before purchasing the products. Please consult your OMRON representative if you have any questions or comments. Warranty and Limitations of Liability WARRANTY OMRON's exclusive warranty is that the products are free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year (or other period if specified) from date of sale by OMRON. OMRON MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE PRODUCTS. ANY BUYER OR USER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THE BUYER OR USER ALONE HAS DETERMINED THAT THE PRODUCTS WILL SUITABLY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THEIR INTENDED USE. OMRON DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY OMRON SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR COMMERCIAL LOSS IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THE PRODUCTS, WHETHER SUCH CLAIM IS BASED ON CONTRACT, WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, OR STRICT LIABILITY. In no event shall the responsibility of OMRON for any act exceed the individual price of the product on which liability is asserted. IN NO EVENT SHALL OMRON BE RESPONSIBLE FOR WARRANTY, REPAIR, OR OTHER CLAIMS REGARDING THE PRODUCTS UNLESS OMRON'S ANALYSIS CONFIRMS THAT THE PRODUCTS WERE PROPERLY HANDLED, STORED, INSTALLED, AND MAINTAINED AND NOT SUBJECT TO CONTAMINATION, ABUSE, MISUSE, OR INAPPROPRIATE MODIFICATION OR REPAIR. Application Considerations SUITABILITY FOR USE OMRON shall not be responsible for conformity with any standards, codes, or regulations that apply to the combination of products in the customer's application or use of the products. Take all necessary steps to determine the suitability of the product for the systems, machines, and equipment with which it will be used. Know and observe all prohibitions of use applicable to this product. NEVER USE THE PRODUCTS FOR AN APPLICATION INVOLVING SERIOUS RISK TO LIFE OR PROPERTY WITHOUT ENSURING THAT THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE RISKS, AND THAT THE OMRON PRODUCTS ARE PROPERLY RATED AND INSTALLED FOR THE INTENDED USE WITHIN THE OVERALL EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM. Disclaimers PERFORMANCE DATA Performance data given in this catalog is provided as a guide for the user in determining suitability and does not constitute a warranty. It may represent the result of OMRON's test conditions, and the users must correlate it to actual application requirements. Actual performance is subject to the OMRON Warranty and Limitations of Liability. CHANGE IN SPECIFICATIONS Product specifications and accessories may be changed at any time based on improvements and other reasons. Consult with your OMRON representative at any time to confirm actual specifications of purchased product. DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS Dimensions and weights are nominal and are not to be used for manufacturing purposes, even when tolerances are shown. Cat. No. H04E-EN-01 In the interest of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. OMRON EUROPE B.V. Wegalaan 67-69, NL-2132 JD, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands Phone: +31 23 568 13 00 Fax: +31 23 568 13 88 www.industrial.omron.eu ALL DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN MILLIMETERS. To convert millimeters into inches, multiply by 0.03937. To convert grams into ounces, multiply by 0.03527. 02/2008 GO FOR EXPERIENCE The huge installed base of our easy-to-use control components, is proof of our experience. Our control products with a display provide the clearest visibility and a perfect read-out. Omron, your single source for all your control components needs. We have been supplying quality components for more than half a century 396 Control components 397 Control components Control components – Table of contents Temperature controllers 19 Product overview 398 Selection table 400 Basic temperature controllers K8AB-TH 402 E5L 403 E5C2 405 E5CSV 406 General purpose controllers E5_N 407 CelciuXº 410 Advanced and Multi-Loop controllers E5_N-H/E5_N-HT 412 E5_R/E5_R-T 414 Auxiliaries PRT1-SCU11/ES1B 416 ES1C 417 Power supplies 20 Product overview 418 Selection table 421 Single-phase S8VS 422 S8VM 423 S8JX-G 424 S8TS 425 S8T-DCBU-01/-02 426 Three-phase S8VT 427 Timers 21 Product overview 428 Selection table 430 Analogue solid state timers H3DS 432 H3DK 433 H3YN 434 H3CR 435 Digital timers H5CX 436 Motor timers H2C 437 Counters 22 Product overview 438 Selection table 440 Totalisers H7EC 442 H7ET 443 H7ER 444 Pre-set counters H8GN 445 H7CX 446 Cam positioners H8PS 447 Programmable relays 23 Product overview 448 Selection table 451 Programmable relays ZEN-10C 452 ZEN-20C 453 ZEN-8E 454 ZEN-PA 455 Digital panel indicators 24 Product overview 456 Selection table 458 1/32 DIN multi-function K3GN 460 1/8 DIN standard indicators K3MA-J, -L, -F 461 1/8 DIN advanced indicators – analogue input K3HB-X, -H, -V, -S 462 1/8 DIN advanced indicators – digital input K3HB-C, -P, -R 464 How many loops are required? K8AB-TH E5C2 E5CSV Single digital display E5_N What type of output? No display Dual digital display Voltage (pulse) Voltage (pulse)/ relay/mA linear Relay Basic General purpose What type of output? What type of control is needed? Single loop E5L CELCIUXº – CONTROL AND CONNECTIVITY The CelciuX° is designed to handle complex temperature profiles thanks to Omron’s unique Gradient Temperature Control (GTC) algorithm and to offer easy program-less communication with Omron and third-party PLCs and HMI. Above all, the CelciuX° incorporates all “simple to use” clever temperature control technology, like 2-PID, disturbance control and various ways of tuning. • Interfaces to a wide range of industrial networks • Reduced engineering due to program-less communications, Smart Active Parts and Function Block Libraries • One unit handling various types of input, such as Pt, Thermocouple, mA, and V input Always the latest news on: www.omron-industrial.com/celciux CelciuXº – Multi Loop Temperature Controller 398 Temperature controllers Page 402 Page 405 Page 403 Page 406 Page 407 E5_N-HT SV programmer Triple digital display Advanced On-panel In-panel CelciuXº What type of mounting is required? Multi-loop E5_R Standard E5_R-T SV programmer E5_N-H Standard Triple digital display Process 399 19 Temperature controllers Page 412 Page 412 Page 414 Page 414 Page 410 400 Selection table Category Alarm controller Analogue/digital temperature controller Analogue temperature controller Compact digital temperature controller Digital temperature controller Selection criteria Model K8AB-TH E5L E5C2 E5CSV E5AN E5EN E5CN Type Basic General purpose Panel In-panel type In- & on-panel type On-panel type Loops – Single loop Size 22.5 mm wide 45x35 mm 1/16 DIN 1/16 DIN 1/4 DIN 1/8 DIN 1/16 DIN Control mode ON/OFF        PID – –  *1 *1 P only – – – – 2-PID *2 *2 2-PID is Omron´s easy to use high performance PID algorithm – – –     Operation *3 *3 H = heat, H/C = heat or cool, H & C = heat and/or cool – H/C H H/C H & C H & C H & C Valve Control *4 *4 Valve control = relay up and down – – – – – – – Features Accuracy ±2% ±1ºC – ±0.5% ±0.3% ±0.3% ±0.3% Auto-tuning – – –     Self-tuning – – –     Transfer output – – – –    Remote input – – – – – – – Number of alarms 1 – – 1 3 3 3 Heater alarm – – – – *5 *5 *5 IP rating front panel IP20 IP40 IP40 IP65 IP66 IP66 IP66 Display Rotary switch SV dial 3 digit LCD SV dial Single 3.5 digit Dual 4 digit (colour change) Dual 4 digit (colour change) Dual 4 digit (colour change) Supply voltage 110/240 VAC        24 VAC/VDC  – –     Comms *6 RS-232 – – – –   – RS-485 – – – –    Event IP  – – –    QLP port *7 – – – –    DeviceNet – – – – – – – Modbus – – – –    Control output Relay        SSR – – – – – – – Voltage (pulse) – –      Linear voltage – – – – – – – Linear current – – – –    Input type – linear mA – – – –    mV – – – –    V – – – –    Input type – thermocouple K  –      J  – –     T  – –     E  – – –    L – –      U – – –     N – – –     R  – –     S  – – –    B  – – –    W – – – –    PLII  – – –    Input type – RTD Pt100  –      JPt100 – – –     THE – sensor provided   – – – Page 402 403 405 406 407 407 407 Temperature controllers 401 19 Temperature controllers *5. Heater alarm = heater burnout & SSR failure detection *6. PROFIBUS-DP communication option via PRT1-SCU11 for E5_N(-H), E5_R, CelciuX°. More information on Page 416 *7. QLP: Quick Link Port to connected TC to PC using the smart USB cable E58-CIFQ1 *8. 3 Alarms per loop, 2 and 4 loop models are available. Digital temperature controller Digital process controller E5GN CelciuXº E5CN-H E5EN-H/AN-H E5_N-HT E5AR E5ER E5_R-T General purpose Modular Universal SV Programmer Advanced SV Programmer On-panel type In-panel type On-panel type Same specification as corresponding E5_N-H On-panel type Same specifications as corresponding E5_R. Single loop Multi-loop Single loop Multi-loop 1/32 DIN 31×96 mm 1/16 DIN 1/4, 1/8 DIN 1/4 DIN 1/8 DIN       – – – – – –       H & C H & C H & C H & C H & C H & C – – –    ±0.3% ±0.5% ±0.1% ±0.1% ±0.1% ±0.1%           – –       – – –    3 3 3 3 4 4 *5 *8 *5 *5 – – IP66 – IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 Dual 4 digit (colour change) LED Dual 5 digit (colour change) Triple 5 digit (colour change) Triple 5 digit Triple 5 digit  –           –  –  – –                   –  – –          –     – –   – –       – –   – –                 – –                                                                             – –           – – – – – – – – 407 410 412 375 414 402 K8AB-TH Basic temperature controllers Protect your heating application This temperature monitoring relay was designed specially for monitoring abnormal temperatures to prevent excessive temperature increase and to protect equipment. K8AB-TH provides temperature monitoring in slim design with a width of just 22.5 mm. • Simple function settings using DIP switch • Selectable alarm latch and SV setting protection • Multi-input support for thermocouple or Pt100 sensor input • Changeover relay: fail-safe selectable • Alarm status identification with LED Ordering information Specifications Input type Temperature setting range Setting unit Supply voltage Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code Thermocouple/ Pt100 0 to 399°C/F 1°C/F 100 to 240 VAC 90x22.5x100 K8AB-TH11S AC100-240 24 VAC/VDC K8AB-TH11S AC/DC24 Thermocouple 0 to 1,800°C 0 to 3,200 °F *1 *1 Setting range depending on sensor type selected 10°C/F 100 to 240 VAC K8AB-TH12S AC100-240 24 VAC/VDC K8AB-TH12S AC/DC24 Item 100 to 240 VAC 50/60 Hz 24 VAC 50/60 Hz or 24 VDC Allowable voltage range 85 to 110% of power supply voltage Power consumption 5 VA max. 2 W max. (24 VDC), 4 VA max. (24 VAC) Sensor inputs K8AB-TH11S Thermocouple: K, J, T, E; platinum-resistance thermometer: Pt100 K8AB-TH12S Thermocouple: K, J, T, E, B, R, S, PLII Output relay One SPDT relay (3 A at 250 VAC, resistive load) External inputs (for latch setting) Contact input ON: 1 k2 max., OFF: 100 k2 min. Non-contact input ON residual voltage: 1.5 V max., OFF leakage current: 0.1 mA max. Leakage current: Approx. 10 mA Setting method Rotary switch setting (set of three switches) Indicators Power (PWR): Green LED, relay output (ALM): Red LED Other functions Alarm mode (upper limit/lower limit), output normally ON/OFF selection, output latch, setting protection, fail-safe operation selectable, temperature unit°C/°F Ambient operating temperature -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing); for 3-year guarantee: -10 to 50°C Storage temperature -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Setting accuracy ±2% of full scale Hysteresis width 2°C Output relay Resistive load 3 A at 250 VAC (cos= 1), 3 A at 30 VDC (L/R = 0 ms) Inductive load 1 A at 250 VAC (cos= 0.4), 1 A at 30 VDC (L/R = 7 ms) Minimum load 10 mA at 5 VDC Maximum contact voltage 250 VAC Maximum contact current 3 A AC Maximum switching capacity 1,500 VA Mechanical life 10,000,000 operations Electrical life Make: 50,000 times, break: 30,000 times Sampling cycle 500 ms Weight 130 g Degree of protection IP20 Memory protection Non-volatile memory (number or writes: 200,000) Safety standards Approved standards EN 61010-1 Application standards EN 61326 and EN 61010-1 (pollution level 2, overvoltage category II) Crimp terminals Two solid wires of 2.5 mm2 or two ferrules of 1.5 mm2 with insulation sleeves can be tightened together Case colour Munsell 5Y8/1 (ivory) Case material ABS resin (self-extinguishing resin) Mounting Mounted to DIN-rail or with M4 screws Size in mm (HxWxD) 90x22.5x100 403 19 Temperature controllers E5L Basic temperature controllers Ideal for simple built-in control This compact but powerful ON/OFF controller is provided with a sensor and is available in an analogue or digital version. Mounting is in-panel with a standard PTF14A-E socket. • Available in 4 application specific ranges. • Sensor provided to enable immediate usage. • High capacity output of 10 A at 250 VAC for direct load switching. • Simple operation and setting. Even simpler with digital model. Ordering information Options (Order separately) Model Size Type Control Method Control Output Order code E5L-A_ 45×35 mm Plug-in ON/OFF operation Relay E5L-A-30-20 E5L-A-0-50 E5L-A-0-100 E5L-A-100-200 E5L-C_ 45×35 mm Plug-in ON/OFF operation Relay E5L-C-30-20 E5L-C-0-100 E5L-C-100-200 Sockets Type Order code Front-connecting Socket PTF14A PTF14A-E E5L Basic temperature controllers 404 Specifications * The accuracy of the accessory thermistor is not included. Ratings Item Model E5L-A_ E5L-C_ Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Operating voltage range 85% to 110% of the rated supply voltage Power consumption Approx. 3 VA Inputs Element-interchangeable thermistor Control method ON/OFF control Control output SPDT contacts, 250 VAC, 10 A, cos = 1 (resistive load) SPST-NO contacts, 250 VAC, 10 A, cos = 1 (resistive load) Setting method Analogue setting Digital settings using keys on front panel Indication method No display LCD digital display (character height: 12 mm) Other functions Setting protection (key protection) Input shift Direct/reverse operation Indication accuracy – ±(1°C + 1 digit) max.* Setting accuracy – ±(1°C + 1 digit) max.* Hysteresis -30 to 20°C models: Approx. 0.5 to 2.5°C (variable) 0 to 50°C models: Approx. 0.5 to 4°C (variable) 0 to 100°C models: Approx. 0.5 to 4°C (variable) 100 to 200°C models: Approx. 0.7 to 4°C (variable) 1 to 9°C (in increments of 1°C) Repeat accuracy 1% FS max – Minimum scale (standard scale) -30 to 20°C models and 0 to 50°C models: 5°C 0 to 100°C models and 100 to 200°C models: 10°C – Influence of temperature – ±([1% of PV or 2°C, whichever is greater]+ 1 digit) max. Influence of voltage – Sampling period – 2 s Insulation resistance 100 MW max. (at 500 VDC) Dielectric strength 2,300 VAC, 50/60 Hz for 1 min (between charged terminals and uncharged metallic parts, between power supply terminals and input terminals, between power supply terminals and output terminals, and between input terminals and output terminals) Vibration (malfunction) Frequency of 10 to 55 Hz, 0.5-mm double amplitude for 10 min each in X, Y, and Z directions Vibration (destruction) Frequency of 10 to 55 Hz, 0.75-mm double amplitude for 2 h each in X, Y, and Z directions Shock (malfunction) 147 m/s2, 3 times each in 6 directions 100 m/s2, 3 times each in 6 directions Shock (destruction) 294 m/s2, 3 times each in 6 directions Electrical life expectancy (control output relay) 100,000 operations min (at maximum applicable load) Memory protection – Non-volatile memory (100,000 write operations) Weight (Thermostat) Approx. 80 g (Thermostat only) Degree of protection Front panel: IP40, Terminals: IP00 Approved standards – Conformed standards EN 61010-1 (IEC 61010-1), Pollution Degree 2, Overvoltage Category II EMC Directives EMI: EN61326-1 Radiated EMI: EN55011 Group 1 Class A Conducted EMI: EN55011 Group 1 Class A EMS: EN61326-1 Electrostatic discharge immunity: EN61000-4-2 Electromagnetic field strength immunity: EN61000-4-3 Burst noise immunity: EN61000-4-4 Conducted disturbance immunity: EN61000-4-6 Surge immunity: EN61000-4-5 Voltage dip and power interruption immunity: EN61000-4-11 405 19 Temperature controllers E5C2 Basic temperature controllers Easy-to-use, basic temperature controller with analogue dial setting Omron's basic ON/OFF or PD controller features an analogue setting dial. This compact, low-cost controller has a setting accuracy of 2% of full scale. It incorporates a plug-in socket allowing for DIN-rail or flush mounting. • Compact, cost-effective controller • Control mode: ON/OFF or PD • Control output: relay • Power supply: 100-120 / 200-240VAC • Thermocouple K: 0 to 1200°C, L: 0 to 400°C, Pt100: -50 to 200°C Ordering information Note: Specify either 100/110/120 VAC or 200/220/240 VAC when ordering. Accessories Specifications Setting method Indication method Control mode Output Order code Thermocouple Platinum resistance thermometer Pt100 Thermistor THE K (CA) chromel vs. alumel L (IC) iron vs. constantan Analogue setting No indication ON/OFF Relay E5C2-R20K E5C2-R20L-D E5C2-R20P-D E5C2-R20G P Relay E5C2-R40K E5C2-R40L-D E5C2-R40P-D Input ranges Thermocouple *1 *1 Values in ( ) are the minimum unit. Platinum resistance thermometer Thermistor *2 *2 Values in ( ) are the thermistor resistive value. K (CA) chromel vs. alumel L (IC) iron vs. constantan Pt100 THE °C 0 to 200 (5), 0 to 300 (10), 0 to 400 (10), 0 to 600 (20), 0 to 800 (20), 0 to 1,000 (25), 0 to 1,200 (25) 0 to 200 (5), 0 to 300 (10), 0 to 400 (10) 5 to 450 (10) -50 to 50 (2), -20 to 80 (2), 0 to 50 (1), 0 to 100 (2), 0 to 200 (5), 0 to 300 (10), 0 to 400 (10) -50 to 50 (2) (6 k at 0°C), 0 to 100 (2) (6 k at 0°C), 50 to 150 (2) (30 k at 0°C) Functions Order code Front connecting socket with finger protection P2CF-08-E Back connecting socket (for flush mounting) P3G-08 Finger protection cover (for P3G-08) Y92A-48G Protective front cover (IP66) Y92A-48B Supply voltage 100/110/120 VAC or 200/220/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Thermocouple input type K, L (with sensor break detection) RTD input type Pt100, THE Control mode ON/OFF or P control Setting method analogue setting Output Relay, SPDT, 3 A at 250 VAC Life expectancy Electrical: 100,000 operations min. Setting accuracy ±2% FS max. Hysteresis Approx. 0.5% FS (fixed) Proportional band 3% FS (fixed) Reset range 5 ±1% FS min. Control period 20 s IP Rating front panel IP40 (IP66 cover available) IP rating terminals IP00 Ambient temperature -10 to 55°C Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x48x96 406 E5CSV Basic temperature controllers The easy way to perfect temperature control This multi-range 1/16 DIN controller with alarm function offers field-selectable PID control or ON/OFF control. The large, single display shows process value, direction of deviation from set point, output and alarm status. • All setting field configurable with switches • Multi-input (Thermocouple/Pt100) • Clearly visible 3.5 digit display with character height of 13.5 mm • Control output: relay, voltage (for driving SSR) • ON/OFF or 2-PID control with auto-tuning and self-tuning Ordering information Note:Other models are available on request. Accessories Specifications Size in mm Supply voltage Number of alarm points Control output Order code 1/16 DIN 48Hx48Wx78D 100 to 240 VAC 1 Relay E5CSV-R1T-500 Voltage (for driving SSR) E5CSV-Q1T-500 24 VAC/VDC 1 Relay E5CSV-R1TD-500 Voltage (for driving SSR) E5CSV-Q1TD-500 Type Order code Hard protective cover Y92A-48B Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 24 VAC/VDC (depending on model) Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage Power consumption 5 VA Sensor input Multi-input (thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer): K, J, L, T, U, N, R, Pt100, JPt100 Control output Relay output SPST-NO, 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load) Voltage output (for driving SSR) 12 VDC, 21 mA (with short-circuit protection circuit) Control method ON/OFF or 2-PID (with auto-tune and self-tune) Alarm output SPST-NO, 250 VAC, 1 A (resistive load) Setting method Digital setting using front panel keys (functionality set-up with DIP switch) Indication 7-segment digital display (character height: 13.5 mm) and deviation indicators Ambient temperature -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing) Setting/indication accuracy ±0.5% of indication value or ±1 °C, whichever is greater ±1 digit max. Hysteresis (for ON/OFF control) 0.2% FS (0.1% FS for multi-input (thermocouple/platinum resistance thermometer) models) Proportional band (P) 1 to 999°C (automatic adjustment using AT/ST) Integral time (I) 0 to 1,999 s (automatic adjustment using AT/ST) Derivative time (D) 0 to 1,999 s (automatic adjustment using AT/ST) Control period 2/20 s Sampling period 500 ms Electrical life expectancy 100,000 operations min. (relay output models) Weight Approx. 120 g (controller only) Degree of protection Front panel: Equivalent to IP66; rear case: IP20; terminals: IP00 Memory protection EEPROM (non-volatile memory) (number of writes: 1,000,000) Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x48x78 407 19 Temperature controllers E5_N General purpose controllers Compact and intelligent general purpose controllers The E5_N general purpose line of temperature controllers is available in 4 standard DIN formats. They all feature a high intensity dual LCD display with a wide viewing angle. The whole series features 3 colour PV change for easy status recognition. • Control mode: ON/OFF or 2-PID • Control output: relay, hybrid relay, voltage (pulse) or linear current • Power supply: 100/240 VAC or 24 VDC/VAC • Easy PC connection for parameter cloning, setting and tuning • Clear and intuitive set-up and operation Ordering information Note:- Output and Alarm Relays: 3 A/250 VAC, electrical life: 100,000 operations - Output voltage (pulse): 12 V, 21 mA (ie. to drive solid state relays) - Hybrid relay (long life relay) electrical life 1,000,000 operations - Linear current: 0(4) to 20 mA - Heater alarm / HA = heater burnout + SSR short detection + SSR overcurrent - Voltage: Specify the power supply specifications (voltage) when ordering E5GN Type Input Output Fixed option Alarms Order code 48x24 mm model (includes supply voltage indication) On-panel temperature (TC/Pt/mV) relay – 1 relay E5GN-R1T-C AC100-240 E5GN-R1TD-C AC/DC24 RS-485 communication E5GN-R103T-C-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-R103TD-C-FLK AC/DC24 2 Event inputs E5GN-R1BT-C AC100-240 E5GN-R1BTD-C AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) – E5GN-Q1T-C AC100-240 E5GN-Q1TD-C AC/DC24 RS-485 communication E5GN-Q103T-C-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-Q103TD-C-FLK AC/DC24 2 Event inputs E5GN-Q1BT-C AC100-240 E5GN-Q1BTD-C AC/DC24 current (linear) – E5GN-C1T-C AC100-240 E5GN-C1TD-C AC/DC24 RS-485 communication E5GN-C103T-C-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-C103TD-C-FLK AC100-240 2 Event inputs E5GN-C1BT-C AC100-240 E5GN-C1BTD-C AC/DC24 relay – 2 relay E5GN-R2T-C AC100-240 E5GN-R2TD-C AC/DC24 RS-485 communication E5GN-R203T-C-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-R203TD-C-FLK AC100-240 2 Event inputs E5GN-R2BT-C AC100-240 E5GN-R2BTD-C AC/DC24 Heater Alarm E5GN-R2HT-C AC100-240 E5GN-R2HTD-C AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) – E5GN-Q2T-C AC100-240 E5GN-Q2TD-C AC/DC24 RS-485 communication E5GN-Q203T-C-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-Q203TD-C-FLK AC/DC24 2 Event inputs E5GN-Q2BT-C AC100-240 E5GN-Q2BTD-C AC/DC24 Heater Alarm E5GN-Q2HT-C AC100-240 E5GN-Q2HTD-C AC/DC24 analogue (mA/V) relay RS-485 communication 1 relay E5GN-R103L-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-R103LD-FLK AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) RS-485 communication E5GN-Q103L-FLK AC100-240 E5GN-Q103LD-FLK AC/DC24 current (linear) – E5GN-C1L-C AC100-240 E5GN-C1LD-C AC/DC24 Type Input Output Fixed option Alarms Order code 48x48 mm model (includes supply voltage indication) On-panel temperature (TC/Pt/mV) relay – 2 relays E5CN-R2MT-500 AC100-240 E5CN-R2MTD-500 AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5CN-Q2MT-500 AC100-240 E5CN-Q2MTD-500 AC/DC24 linear current E5CN-C2MT-500 AC100-240 E5CN-C2MTD-500 AC/DC24 hybrid relay E5CN-Y2MT-500 AC100-240 – analogue (mA/V) relay E5CN-R2ML-500 AC100-240 E5CN-R2MLD-500 AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5CN-Q2ML-500 AC100-240 E5CN-Q2MLD-500 AC/DC24 linear current E5CN-C2ML-500 AC100-240 E5CN-C2MLD-500 AC/DC24 hybrid relay E5CN-Y2ML-500 AC100-240 n/a In-panel temperature (TC/Pt/mV) relay 2 relays E5CN-R2TU AC100-240 E5CN-R2TDU AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5CN-Q2TU AC100-240 E5CN-Q2TDU AC/DC24 linear current E5CN-C2TU AC100-240 E5CN-C2TDU AC/DC24 analogue (mA/V) relay E5CN-R2LU AC100-240 – voltage (pulse) E5CN-Q2LU AC100-240 – linear current E5CN-C2LU AC100-240 – E5_N General purpose controllers 408 Accessories E5CN option boards (One slot available in each instrument; do no fit in E5CN-U types) Note: Options with "N2" in the code, only fit in E5CN produced after January 2008 (marked N6 on the box) E5CN series optional tools Option Order code 2 Event inputs – – E53-CNBN2 – voltage (pulse) E53-CNQBN2 heater alarm – E53-CNHBN2 – power supply (12 VDC/20 mA) E53-CNPBN2 RS-485 serial communications (CompowayF/ Modbus RTU) – – E53-CN03N2 – voltage (pulse) E53-CNQ03N2 heater alarm – E53-CNH03N2 3-phase HA – E53-CNHH03N2 – power supply (12 VDC/20 mA) E53-CNP03N2 – heater alarm voltage (pulse) E53-CNQHN2 3-phase HA voltage (pulse) E53-CNQHHN2 heater alarm power supply (12 VDC/20 mA) E53-CNPHN2 Option Order code USB PC based configuration cable E58-CIFQ1 PC based configuration and tuning software CX-Thermo PC based parameter cloning software (free) ThermoMini Standard 11 pin socket for E5CN-_ _ _ U type P2CF-11-E E5_N General purpose controllers 409 19 Temperature controllers Note:- Output and Alarm Relays: 3 A/250 VAC, electrical life: 100,000 operations - Output voltage (pulse): 12 V, 21 mA (ie. to drive solid state relays) - Hybrid relay (long life relay) electrical life 1,000,000 operations - Linear current: 0(4) to 20 mA - Heater alarm / HA = heater burnout + SSR short detection + SSR overcurrent E5AN/-EN option boards (one slot available in each instrument) E5AN/-EN series optional tools Specifications Type Input Output Fixed option Alarms Order code (includes supply voltage indication) 48x96 mm model 96x96 mm model On-panel temperature (TC/Pt/mV) relay – 3 relays E5EN-R3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-R3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-R3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 heater alarm E5EN-R3HMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3HMT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-R3HMTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-R3HMTD-500-N AC/DC24 3-phase heater alarm E5EN-R3HHMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3HHMT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-R3HHMTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-R3HHMTD-500-N AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5EN-R3QMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3QMT-500-N AC100-240 hybrid relay E5EN-R3YMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3YMT-500-N AC100-240 power supply E5EN-R3PMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3PMT-500-N AC100-240 voltage (pulse) – E5EN-Q3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-Q3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-Q3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 heater alarm E5EN-Q3HMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3HMT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-Q3HMTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-Q3HMTD-500-N AC/DC24 3-phase heater alarm E5EN-Q3HHMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3HHMT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-Q3HHMTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-Q3HHMTD-500-N AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5EN-Q3QMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3QMT-500-N AC100-240 hybrid relay E5EN-Q3YMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3YMT-500-N AC100-240 power supply E5EN-Q3PMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3PMT-500-N AC100-240 linear current – E5EN-C3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-C3MT-500-N AC100-240 E5EN-C3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 E5AN-C3MTD-500-N AC/DC24 voltage (pulse) E5EN-C3QMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-C3QMT-500-N AC100-240 hybrid relay E5EN-C3YMT-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-C3YMT-500-N AC100-240 analogue (mA/V) relay – E5EN-R3ML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3ML-500-N AC100-240 heater alarm E5EN-R3HML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-R3HML-500-N AC100-240 voltage (pulse) – E5EN-Q3ML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3ML-500-N AC100-240 heater alarm E5EN-Q3HML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3HML-500-N AC100-240 hybrid relay E5EN-Q3YML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-Q3YML-500-N AC100-240 linear current – E5EN-C3ML-500-N AC100-240 E5AN-C3ML-500-N AC100-240 Option Order code RS-232C communications (CompoWay/F/Modbus) E53-EN01 RS-485 communications (CompoWay/F/Modbus) E53-EN03 event input E53-AKB Option Order code USB PC based configuration cable E58-CIFQ1 PC based configuration and tuning software CX-Thermo PC based parameter cloning software (free) ThermoMini Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC 50/60 Hz or 24 VAC, 50/60Hz; 24 VDC Heater alarm yes, optional, choice of 1 or 3 phase Thermocouple input type K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W or PL II RTD input type Pt100, JPt100 Linear input type mV or "T" models mA and V on "L" models Control mode ON/OFF, 2-PID (heat or heat/cool) Accuracy Thermocouple ± 0.3% (E5CN-U ± 1%) Platinum resistance ± 0.2% Analogue input ± 0.2% FS Auto-tuning yes, 40% and 100% MV output limit selection. When using Heat/Cool: automatic cool gain adjustment Self-tuning yes RS-232C Only for AN/-EN: Optional, Protocol CompowayF or Modbus freely selectable RS-485 optional, CompowayF or Modbus selectable Event input optional QLP port (USB connection PC) yes Ambient temperature -10 to 55°C IP Rating front panel IP66 Sampling period 250 ms 410 CelciuXº General purpose controllers CelciuXº - Multi-Loop temperature control – Control and Connectivity CelciuXº is designed to handle complex temperature profiles thanks to Omron’s unique Gradient temperature Control (GTC) algorithm and to offer easy program-less communication with Omron and third-party PLCs and HMI. Above all, CelciuXº incorporates all “simple to use” clever temperature control technology, like 2-PID, disturbance control and various ways of tuning. • Interfaces to a wide range of industrial networks • Reduced engineering due to Program-less communications, Smart Active Parts and Function Block Libraries • Available with screw terminals and screw-less clamp terminals • One unit handling various types of input, such as Pt, Thermocouple, mA, and V input • Gradient Temperature Control (GTC) Ordering information Accessories Current transformer Communications and cables Type Control points Control outputs Auxiliary outputs Other functions Terminal Order code Basic unit 2 2 voltage (puls) 2 transistor (NPN) *1 *1 For heating/cooling control applications, the auxiliary outputs on the 2-point models are used for cooling control. On the 4-point models, heating/cooling control can be performed for two input points only. 2 CT input *2 + 2 event input *2 When using the heater burnout alarm, purchase a Current Transformer (E54-CT1 or E54-CT3) separately. M3 screws EJ1N-TC2A-QNHB Basic unit 2 2 voltage (puls) 2 transistor (NPN) *1 2 CT input *2 + 2 event input Screw-less clamp EJ1N-TC2B-QNHB Basic unit 2 2 current 2 transistor (NPN) *1 2 event input M3 screws EJ1N-TC2A-CNB Basic unit 2 2 current 2 transistor (NPN) *1 2 event input Screw-less clamp EJ1N-TC2B-CNB Basic unit 4 4 voltage (puls) – – M3 screws EJ1N-TC4A-QQ Basic unit 4 4 voltage (puls) – – Screw-less clamp EJ1N-TC4B-QQ High function unit – – 4 transistor (NPN) 4 event input M3 screws EJ1N-HFUA-NFLK High function unit – – 4 transistor (NPN) 4 event input Screw-less clamp EJ1N-HFUB-NFLK DeviceNet unit – – – – Screw connector EJ1N-HFUB-DRT End unit *3 *3 An End unit is always required for connection to a Basic unit or an HFU. An HFU cannot operate without a Basic unit. – – 2 transistor (NPN) – M3 screws EJ1C-EDUA-NFLK End unit *3 – – 2 transistor (NPN) – Removable Connector EJ1C-EDUC-NFLK Type Control points Control outputs Auxiliary outputs Other functions Terminal Order code Basic unit 2 (GTC) 2 voltage (puls)*1 *1 Heating/cooling control is not supported for gradient temperature control. 2 transistor (NPN) 2 CT input*2 *2 When using the heater burnout alarm, use a Current Transformer (E54-CT1 or E54-CT3) (sold separately). M3 screws EJ1G-TC2A-QNH Basic unit 2 (GTC) 2 voltage (puls)*1 2 transistor (NPN) 2 CT input*2 Screw-less clamp EJ1G-TC2B-QNH Basic unit 4 (GTC) 4 voltage (puls)*1 – – M3 screws EJ1G-TC4A-QQ Basic unit 4 (GTC) 4 voltage (puls)*1 – – Screw-less clamp EJ1G-TC4B-QQ High function unit – (GTC) – 4 transistor (NPN) – M3 screws EJ1G-HFUA-NFLK High function unit – (GTC) – 4 transistor (NPN) – Screw-less clamp EJ1G-HFUB-NFLK End unit*3 *3 An End-unit (EDU) is always required to connect an HFU and or a Basic TC unit for Communications and Power supply. A GTC (Gradient Temperature Control) basic TC unit always requires a GTC HFU unit. – – 2 transistor (NPN) – M3 screws EJ1C-EDUA-NFLK End unit*3 – – 2 transistor (NPN) – Removable Connector EJ1C-EDUC-NFLK Diameter Order code 5.8 dia. E54-CT1 12.0 dia. E54-CT3 Description Order code G3ZA connecting cable 5 meter EJ1C-CBLA050 USB programming cable E58-CIFQ1 PC based configuration and tuning software CX-Thermo EST2-2C-MV4 PROFIBUS Gateway PRT1-SCU11 CelciuXº General purpose controllers 411 19 Temperature controllers Specifications Item Type EJ1_-TC2 EJ1_-TC4 Power supply voltage 24 VDC Operating voltage range 85% to 110% of rated voltage Power consumption 4 W max. (at maximum load) 5 W max. (at maximum load) Input (see note)*1 *1 Inputs are fully multi-input. Therefore, platinum resistance thermometer, thermocouple, infrared thermosensor, and analogue input can be selected. Thermocouple: K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W, PLII ES1B Infrared Thermosensor: 10 to 70°C, 60 to 120°C, 115 to 165°C, 140 to 260°C. Analogue input: 4 to 20 mA, 0 to 20 mA, 1 to 5 V, 0 to 5 V, 0 to 10 V Platinum resistance thermometer: Pt100, JPt100 Input impedance Current input: 150max., voltage input: 1 M min. Control outputs Voltage output Output voltage: 12 VDC ±15%, max. load current: 21 mA (PNP models with short-circuit protection circuit) Transistor output Max. operating voltage: 30 V, max. load current: 100 mA – Current output Current output range: 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 20 mA DC Load: 500  max. (including transfer output) (Resolution: Approx: 2,800 for 4 to 20 mA DC, approx. 3,500 for 0 to 20 mA DC) – Event inputs Input points 2 – Contact input ON: 1 k max., OFF. 100 k min. – Non-contact input ON: Residual voltage: 1.5 V max., OFF: Leakage current: 0.1 mA max. – Outflow current: approx. 4 mA per point – Number of input and control points Input points: 2, control points: 2 Input points: 4, control points: 4 Setting method Via communications Control method ON/OFF control or 2-PID (with autotuning, selftuning, Heat & Cool autotuning and non-linear cool output selection) Other functions Two-point input shift, digital input filter, remote SP, SP ramp, manual manipulated variable, manipulated variable limiter, interference overshoot adjustment, loop burnout alarm, RUN/STOP, banks, I/O allocations, etc. Alarm output 2 points via End unit Communication RS-485, PROFIBUS, Modbus, DeviceNet RS-485, PROFIBUS, Modbus, DeviceNet Size in mm (WxHxD) 31x96x109 Weight 180 g Ambient temperature range Operating -10°C to 55°C, Storage -25°C to 65°C (with no icing or condensation) Ambient humidity range Operating. 25% to 85% (with no condensation) 412 E5_N-H/E5_N-HT Advanced and Multi-Loop controllers Universal compact digital process controllers The E5_N-H series of process controllers take the proven concept of the general purpose E5_N series to a process level. Main features of the E5_N-H series are universal inputs, process outputs and options such as transfer output, remote setpoint and setvalue programmer. • Control mode: ON/OFF or 2-PID, Valve control on EN-H/AN-H • Control output: relay, voltage (pulse), SSR, linear current and voltage • Power supply: 100/240 VAC or 24 VDC/VAC • Easy PC connection for parameter cloning, setting and tuning • Clear and intuitive set-up and operation Ordering information Note: - Output and Alarm Relays: 3 A/250 VAC, electrical life: 100,000 operations - Output voltage (pulse): 12 V, 21 mA (ie. to drive solid state relays) - Linear current: 0(4) to 20 mA - Linear voltage output: 0 to 10 V Accessories E5CN-H option boards (One slot available in each instrument) Type Input Output Fixed option Alarms Order code 48x48 mm model (includes supply voltage indication) On-panel Universal TC/Pt/mV mA/V Relay output – 3 software alarms 2 SUB outputs E5CN-HR2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HR2MD-500 AC/DC24 Voltage (pulse) E5CN-HQ2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HQ2MD-500 AC/DC24 Current output E5CN-HC2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HC2MD-500 AC/DC24 Linear voltage output E5CN-HV2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HV2MD-500 AC/DC24 Relay output SV programmer (8 programs of 32 segments E5CN-HTR2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HTR2MD-500 AC/DC24 Voltage (pulse) E5CN-HTQ2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HTQ2MD-500 AC/DC24 Current output E5CN-HTC2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HTC2MD-500 AC/DC24 Linear voltage output E5CN-HTV2M-500 AC100-240 E5CN-HTV2MD-500 AC/DC24 Option Order code Event inputs E53-CNBN2 Event inputs Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) E53-CNQBN2 Event inputs Heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNHBN2 Event inputs Transfer output E53-CNBFN2 Communications RS-232C Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) E53-CN01N2 Communications RS-232C E53-CNQ01N2 Communications RS-232C Heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNH01N2 Communications RS-485 E53-CN03N2 Communications RS-485 Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) E53-CNQO3N2 Communications RS-485 Heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNH03N2 Communications RS-485 3-phase heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNHH03N2 Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) Transfer output E53-CNQFN2 Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) Heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNQHN2 Control output 2 Voltage (for driving SSR) 3-phase heater burnout/SSR failure/ Heater overcurrent detection E53-CNQHHN2 E5_N-H/E5_N-HT Advanced and Multi-Loop controllers 413 19 Temperature controllers Note: - All E5EN-H/AN-H have 2 event inputs - All E5EN-H/AN-H have Remote Setpoint 4 to 20 mA input Specifications E5CN-H/EN-H/AN-H E5AN-H/EN-H output option boards (2 slots available in E5_N-HAA__-500 models: SS models have 2 fixed SSR output modules) E5AN-H/EN-H option boards (one slot available in each instrument) E5AN-H/EN-H series optional tools Control method Auxiliary output Control output 1/2 Heater burnout Transfer output Order code (includes supply voltage indication) 96x96 mm model 48x96 mm model Basic 2 alarm relays none fitted, 2 slots 1-phase E5AN-HAA2HBM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HAA2HBM-500 AC100-240 none fitted, 2 slots E5AN-HAA2HBMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HAA2HBMD-500 AC/DC24 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS2HBM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HSS2HBM-500 AC100-240 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS2HBMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HSS2HBMD-500 AC/DC24 none fitted, 2 slots 3-phase 4 to 20 mA output E5AN-HAA2HHBFM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HAA2HHBFM-500 AC100-240 none fitted, 2 slots E5AN-HAA2HHBFMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HAA2HHBFMD-500 AC/DC24 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS2HHBFM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HSS2HHBFM-500 AC100-240 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS2HHBFMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HSS2HHBFMD-500 AC/DC24 3 alarm relays none fitted, 2 slots E5AN-HAA3BFM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HAA3BFM-500 AC100-240 none fitted, 2 slots E5AN-HAA3BFMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HAA3BFMD-500 AC/DC24 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS3BFM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HSS3BFM-500 AC100-240 2 SSR output fitted E5AN-HSS3BFMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HSS3BFMD-500 AC/DC24 Valve controller 2 alarm relays 2 relay output fitted E5AN-HPRR2BM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HPRR2BM-500 AC100-240 E5AN-HPRR2BMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HPRR2BMD-500 AC/DC24 4 to 20 mA output E5AN-HPRR2BFM-500 AC100-240 E5EN-HPRR2BFM-500 AC100-240 E5AN-HPRR2BFMD-500 AC/DC24 E5EN-HPRR2BFMD-500 AC/DC24 SV programmer (8 programs of 32 segments 2 alarm relays none fitted, 2 slots 1-phase E5AN-HTAA2HBM-500 E5EN-HTAA2HBM-500 AC100-240 E5AN-HTAA2HBMD-500 E5EN-HTAA2HBMD-500 AC/DC24 3-phase 4 to 20 mA output E5AN-HTAA2HHBFM-500 E5EN-HTAA2HHBFM-500 E5AN-HTAA2HHBFMD-500 E5EN-HTAA2HHBFMD-500 3 alarm relays E5AN-HTAA3BFM-500 E5EN-HTAA3BFM-500 E5AN-HTAA3BFMD-500 E5EN-HTAA3BFMD-500 SV programmer and valve controller 2 alarm relays 2 relay output fitted E5AN-HTPRR2BM-500 E5EN-HTPRR2BM-500 E5AN-HTPRR2BMD-500 E5EN-HTPRR2BMD-500 4 to 20 mA output E5AN-HTPRR2BFM-500 E5EN-HTPRR2BFM-500 E5AN-HTPRR2BFMD-500 E5EN-HTPRR2BFMD-500 Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC 50/60 Hz or 24 VAC, 50/60Hz; 24 VDC Sensor input Thermocouple: K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W or PL II Platinum resistance thermometer: Pt100 or JPt100 Current input: 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 20 mA Voltage input: 1 to 5 V, 0 to 5 V or 0 to 10 V Control mode ON/OFF, 2-PID and valve (PRR) Accuracy Thermocouple: (± 0.1% of indicated value or ±1°C, whichever is greater) ± digit max. *1 Platinum resistance thermometer: (± 0.1% of indicated value or ± 0.5°C, whichever is greater) ± 1 digit max. Analogue input: ± 0.1% FS ± 1 digit max. Auto-tuning yes, 40% and 100% MV output limit selection. When using Heat/Cool: automatic cool gain adjustment Self-tuning yes RS-232C/RS-422/RS-485 optional, CompowayF or Modbus selectable Event input Optional (Standard 2 event input in EN-H/AN-H) QLP port (USB connection PC) yes Ambient temperature -10 to 55°C IP Rating front panel IP66 Sampling period 60 ms Option Order code Relay E53-RN Voltage (pulse) PNP 12VDC E53-QN Voltage (pulse) NPN 12VDC E53-Q3 Voltage (pulse) NPN 24VDC E53-Q4 Linear 4 to 20 mA E53-C3N Linear 0 to 20 mA E53-C3DN Linear 0 to 10 V E53-V34N Linear 0 to 5 V E53-V35N Option Order code RS-232C communications (CompoWay/F/Modbus) E53-EN01 RS-422 communications (CompoWay/F/Modbus) E53-EN02 RS-485 communications (CompoWay/F/Modbus) E53-EN03 event input E53-AKB Option Order code USB PC based configuration cable E58-CIFQ1 PC based configuration and tuning software CX-Thermo EST2-2C-MV4 414 E5_R/E5_R-T Advanced and Multi-Loop controllers Fast, accurate and equipped for application specific needs The E5_R series provides you with high accuracy inputs (0.01°C for Pt100) and a 50 ms sample and control cycle for all four loops. Its unique Disturbance Overshoot Reduction Adjustment ensures solid, robust control. • Easy and clear read-out thanks to bright Liquid Crystal Display • Exceptional versatility – multi-loop control, cascade control, and valve control • Easy integration with DeviceNet, PROFIBUS or Modbus • SV programmer optional, 32 programs with up to 256 segments Ordering information Note:- Voltage: Specify the power supply specifications (voltage) when ordering. - Standard = heat and/or cool PID control, valve = valve positioning (relay up/down) (PRR) - max 2 = 2 loops heat and/or cool or 1 loop cascade, ratio or remote SP - max 4 = 4 loops heat and/or cool - 1, 2 or 4 = number of analogue universal input 1 + pot = 1 universal and 1 slide wire feedback from valve - QC = voltage (pulse) or current (switch), Q = voltage (pulse), C = current, 4R = 4 two pole relay, 2T = two transistor output NPN Functions Loops Input Output Comms Order code analogue Event Control Alarm 96x96 mm Supply voltage standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R – E5AR-Q4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-Q43B-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 6 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-Q43DB-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 6 4 QC+Q+C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-QC43DB-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 2 2 4 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-Q43DW-FLK AC100-240 – standard max 2 2 4 4 QC+Q+QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-QQ43DW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 4 4 4 4 QC+Q+QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-QQ43DWW-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R – E5AR-C4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-C43B-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 6 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-C43DB-FLK AC100-240 – standard max 2 2 4 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-C43DW-FLK AC100-240 – standard max 4 4 4 4 C+C+C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-CC43DWW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot 4 2 R+R 4R – E5AR-PR4DF AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot 4 4 R+R+QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-PRQ43DF-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R DeviceNet E5AR-Q4B-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 4 QC+Q+C+C 4R DeviceNet E5AR-QC4B-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 2 2 – 4 QC+Q+QC+Q 4R DeviceNet E5AR-QQ4W-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R DeviceNet E5AR-C4B-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 4 4 – 4 C+C+C+C 4R DeviceNet E5AR-CC4WW-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot – 2 R+R 4R DeviceNet E5AR-PR4F-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot – 4 R+R+QC+Q 4R DeviceNet E5AR-PRQ4F-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R – E5AR-TQ4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R – E5AR-TC4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-TQ43B-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-TC43B-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer 1 1 10 2 QC+Q 10T RS-485 E5AR-TQE3MB-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer 1 1 10 2 C+C 10T RS-485 E5AR-TCE3MB-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer 1 1 10 4 QC+Q+C+C 10T RS-485 E5AR-TQCE3MB-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer max 2 2 4 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5AR-TQ43DW-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer max 2 2 4 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5AR-TC43DW-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer max 2 2 8 4 QC+Q+QC+Q 10T RS-485 E5AR-TQQE3MW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer max 4 4 8 4 C+C+C+C 10T RS-485 E5AR-TCCE3MWW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer max 4 4 8 4 QC+Q+QC+Q 10T RS-485 E5AR-TQQE3MWW-FLK AC100-240 – SV programmer + valve 1 1 + pot 4 2 R+R 4R – E5AR-TPR4DF AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer + valve 1 1 + pot 8 4 R+R+QC+Q 10T RS-485 E5AR-TPRQE3MF-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 E5_R/E5_R-T Advanced and Multi-Loop controllers 415 19 Temperature controllers Note:- Voltage: Specify the power supply specifications (voltage) when ordering. - Standard = heat and/or cool PID control, valve = valve positioning (relay up/down) (PRR) - max 2 = 2 loops heat and/or cool or 1 loop cascade, ratio or remote SP - max 4 = 4 loops heat and/or cool - 1, 2 or 4 = number of analogue universal input 1 + pot = 1 universal and 1 slide wire feedback from valve - QC = voltage (pulse) or current (switch), Q = voltage (pulse), C = current, 4R = 4 two pole relay, 2T = two transistor output NPN Accessories E5_R/E5_R-T optional tools Specifications Functions Loops Input Output Comms Order code analogue Event Control Alarm 48x96 mm Supply voltage standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R – E5ER-Q4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5ER-Q43B-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 2 4 QC+Q+C+C 4R RS-485 E5ER-QC43B-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 6 2 QC+Q 2T RS-485 E5ER-QT3DB-FLK AC100-240 – standard max 2 2 4 2 QC+Q 2T RS-485 E5ER-QT3DW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R – E5ER-C4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R RS-485 E5ER-C43B-FLK AC100-240 – standard 1 1 6 2 C+C 2T RS-485 E5ER-CT3DB-FLK AC100-240 – standard max 2 2 4 2 C+C 2T RS-485 E5ER-CT3DW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot 4 2 R+R 2T – E5ER-PRTDF AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot – 4 R+R+QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5ER-PRQ43F-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 2T DeviceNet E5ER-QTB-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 2 2 – 2 QC+Q 2T DeviceNet E5ER-QTW-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard 1 1 2 2 C+C 2T DeviceNet E5ER-CTB-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 standard max 2 2 – 2 C+C 2T DeviceNet E5ER-CTW-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 valve 1 1 + pot – 2 R+R 2T DeviceNet E5ER-PRTF-DRT AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R – E5ER-TQ4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 C+C 4R – E5ER-TC4B AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer 1 1 2 2 QC+Q 4R RS-485 E5ER-TQC43B-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer max 2 2 4 2 QC+Q 2T RS-485 E5ER-TQT3DW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer max 2 2 4 2 C+C 2T RS-485 E5ER-TCT3DW-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer + valve 1 1 + pot 4 2 R+R 2T – E5ER-TPRTDF AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 SV programmer + valve 1 1 + pot – 3 R+R + QC 4R RS-485 E5ER-TPRQ43F-FLK AC100-240 or DC/AC 24 Terminal covers Order code Terminal cover for E5AR E53-COV14 Terminal cover for E5ER E53-COV15 Option Order code PC based configuration and tuning software CX-Thermo EST2-2C-MV4 Thermocouple input type K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W RTD input type Pt100 Linear input type mA, V Control mode 2-PID or ON/OFF control Accuracy ±0.1% FS Auto-tuning yes RS-485 optional Event input optional Ambient temperature -10 to 55°C IP rating front panel IP66 Sampling period 50 ms Size in mm (HxWxD) E5ER: 96x48x110 E5AR: 96x96x110 416 PRT1-SCU11 Auxiliaries Omron’s intelligent PROFIBUS and CompoWay/F gateway This gateway supports all CompoWay/F equipped products, including temperature controllers, digital panel indicators, etc. It can also be used for connecting MCW151-E and E5_K series. • Cost-effectively integrates basic instruments into a PROFIBUS network • Requires no complex protocol conversion writing • Has function blocks for drag-and-drop configuration • Connects up to 15 instruments to a single PROFIBUS point Ordering information Supports all CompoWay/F equipped units, but has "drag-and-drop" function blocks for • E5AN/E5EN/E5CN/E5GN • E5ZN and CelciuXº (EJ1) • E5AR/E5ER • E5AK/E5EK Specifications ES1B Achieve low-cost measurements with an infrared thermosensor This infrared thermosensor provides an accurate, stable and cost-effective way to measure the temperature of objects. It behaves just like a standard K-type thermocouple, which enables it to operate with any temperature controller or alarm unit. • Cost-effective infrared thermosensor • Contactless, meaning no deterioration, unlike thermocouples • 4 temperature ranges available: 10-70°C, 60-120°C, 115-165°C and 140-260°C • Response speed 300 ms Ordering information Dimensions (unit: mm) Specifications Name Order code PROFIBUS remote terminal serial communications unit PRT1-SCU11 Storage temperature -20 to +75°C Ambient temperature 0 to 55°C Ambient humidity 10 to 90% (non-condensing) EMC compliance EN 50081-2, EN 61131-2 Power supply +24 VDC (+10%/-15%) Current consumption 80 mA (typical) Weight 125 g (typical) Communication interface RS-485 based PROFIBUS-DP RS-422A Host link RS-485 CompoWay/F RS-232C Peripheral Port supporting connection to thermotools Size in mm (HxWxD) 90x40x65 Appearance and sensing characteristics Specification Order code 10 to 70°C ES1B 10-70C 60 to 120°C ES1B 60-120C 115 to 165°C ES1B 115-165C 140 to 260°C ES1B 140-260C 2 dia. 20 dia. 2 mm 20 mm 40 mm 60 mm 40 dia. 60 dia. 14.2 dia. 36.5 17.8 15 6.5 44.5 3,000 ABS resin PVC-covered (−25°C to 70°C) Polyolefin tube Screw M18×1.0 Green, output + White, output − Orange, power + Shield, power − Power supply voltage 12/24 VDC Current consumption 20 mA max. Accuracy ±5°C ±2% PV or ±2°C, whichever is larger ±10°C ±4% PV or ±4°C, whichever is larger ±30°C ±6% PV or ±6°C, whichever is larger ±40°C ±8% PV or ±8°C, whichever is larger Reproducibility ±1% PV or ±1°C, whichever is larger Temperature drift 0.4°C/°C max. Receiver element Thermopile Response speed Approximately 300 ms at response rate of 63% Operating temperature -25 to 70°C (with no icing or condensation) Allowable ambient humidity 35 to 85% Degree of protection IP65 Size in mm head: 17.8 dia.×44.5 (screw M18×1.0), cable 3,000 417 19 Temperature controllers ES1C Auxiliaries Achieve Superior Environmental Resistance and a Wide Measurement Range of 0 to 400°C. This gateway supports all CompoWay/F equipped products, including temperature controllers, digital panel indicators, etc. It can also be used for connecting MCW151-E and E5_K series. • Flexible placement with slim cylindrical shape and long focus with a distance of 500 mm and area diameter of 80 mm. • The SUS body and silicon lens resist ambient operating temperatures of up to 70×C and resist dust and water to the equivalent of IP67. • Fast measurement with high-speed response of 100 ms/90%. • Strong resistance to noise with output of 4 to 20 mA. Ordering information Measurement Range Ratings and Characteristics Dimensions (unit: mm) Specification (measuring temperature range) Order code 0 to 400°C ES1C-A40 110 dia. 80 dia. 70 dia. 300 500 1000 [mm] Note: The measurement range is the measurement diameter for an optical response of 90%. Make sure that the actual object to be measured is sufficiently larger than the measurement diameters in the above figure. Item Model ES1C Power supply voltage 12 to 24 VDC Operating voltage range 90% to 110% of rated voltage Current consumption 70 mA max. Measuring temperature range 0 to 400C Measurement accuracy 0 to 200C: 2C, 201 to 400C: 1% (emissivity: 0.95) Response time 100 ms/90% Reproducibility 1C of reading value Measurement wavelength 8 to 14 m Light-receiving element Thermopile Emissivity 0.95 fixed Current output 4 to 20 mA DC, Load: 250  max. Ambient temperature range Operating: 0 to 70C, Storage: 20 to 70C (with no icing or condensation) Ambient humidity range Operating and storage: 35% to 85% Vibration resistance (destruction) 1.5-mm amplitude at 10 to 55 Hz for 2 hours each in the X, Y, and Z directions Weight 180 g Degree of protection Equivalent to IP67 12 dia. (lens diameter) M18×P1.0 (cable length) 24 120 2,000 60 (threaded section) S8VS S8JX-G Compact S8VT Single-phase Supply voltage?? Power factor correction?? Three-phase Slim S8VM Yes No PREVENT YOUR SYSTEM FROM STOPPING The buffer block prevents equipment stoppage, data loss and other problems resulting from momentary power failures. One S8TS-DCBU-02 buffer block provides a back-up time of 500 ms at an output current of 2.5 A. Can be wired to the 24 VDC output from any switch mode power supply • Connects to both single-phase and three-phase 24 VDC power supplies • Connects to an S8TS power supply via an S8T-BUS03 bus line connector • Parallel connection up to 4 units to increase back-up time and capacity S8TS-DCBU-02 – Buffer block against momentary power failures 418 Page 422 Page 427 Power supplies Page 423 Page 424 S8TS Which type of power supply you are looking for? S8T-DCBU-01 Modular S8T-DCBU-02 DC back-up S8TS DC battery back-up up to several minutes S8TS buffer block momentary up to 500 ms 419 20 Power supplies Page 425 Page 426 Page 426 420 421 20 Power supplies Selection table Power supplies Category Compact Power Supplies Slim Power Supplies Modular Selection criteria Model S8VS S8VT S8VM S8JX-G S8TS Phases Single-phase Rated voltage 100 to 240 VAC Voltage 24 V 24 V 12 V 24 V 5 V 12 V 15 V 24 V 5 V 12 V 24 V Power 3 W – – – – – – – – – – – 7.5 W – – – – – – – – – – – 10 W – – – – – – – – – – – 15 W 0.65 A –  1.3 A  0.65 A  3 A  1.3 A  1 A  0.65 A – – – 25 W – – – – – – – –  5 A – – 30 W 1.3 A –  2.5 A  1.3 A – – – – –  2.5 A – 35 W  7 A  3 A  2.4 A  1.5 A –  2.5 A – 50 W – –  4.3 A  2.2 A  10 A  4.2 A –  2.1 A – – – 60 W  2.5 A – – – – – – – –  5 A  2.5 A 90 W – – – – – – – – –  7.5 A – 100 W – –  8.5 A  4.5 A  20 A  8.5 A –  4.5 A – – – 120 W  5 A  5 A – – – – – – –  10 A  5 A 150 W – –  12.5 A  6.5 A – – –  6.5 A – – – 180 W – – – – – – – – – –  7.5 A 240 W  10 A  10 A – – – – – – – –  10 A 300 W – –  27 A  14 A – – –  14 A – – – 480 W  20 A  20 A – – – – – – – – – 600 W – –  53 A  27 A – – –  27 A – – – 960 W –  40 A – – – – – – – – – 1500 W – – –  70 A – – – – – – – Features Conforms to EN61000-3-2  with PFC    – – – –  with PFC  with PFC  with PFC DC back-up – – – – – – – –    Capacitor back-up   – – – – – – – –  Undervoltage alarm  – –  – – – –    Overvoltage protection            Overload protection            DIN-rail mounting            Screw mounting (with bracket) –  only 40 A       – – – EMI Class B – –   – – – –    UL Class 2  only 60 W – – – – – – –    N+1 redundancy – – – – – – – –    Parallel operation –  – – – – – –    Series operation            Page 422 427 423 424 425  Standard  Available – No/not available 422 S8VS Single-phase Compact power supply The S8VS is our standard industrial din-rail mounted power supply. It is built to last forever. Up to 60 W we provide them into a plastic housing, from 120 W the S8VS is built in strong metal case. The full ranges provide a very good dimension/output power ratio to optimize panel space uses. The range covers 6 models at 24 VDC with wattage of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 W. The 15 and 30 W are also available in 5 or 12 VDC output voltage. The range withstands high vibration and shocks. The S8VS are fan-less power supplies. • Wide AC input range from 85 to 264 VAC • Micro S8VS output power range 15 and 30 W at 5, 12 and 24 VDC • Micro can mounted, standard din-rail, horizontal or facing horizontal any direction is okay • S8VS models available from 60 to 480 W at 24 VDC, 4 models Ordering information Specifications Power Output voltage Output current Under-voltage control Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code 15 W 5 VDC 2 A (10 W) yes, red LED 85x22.5x96.4 S8VS-01505 12 VDC 1.2 A S8VS-01512 24 VDC 0.65 A S8VS-01524 30 W 5 VDC 4 A (20 W) yes, red LED 85x22.5x96.4 S8VS-03005 12 VDC 2.5 A S8VS-03012 24 VDC 1.3 A S8VS-03024 60 W 24 VDC 2.5 A no 95x40x108.3 S8VS-06024 120 W 24 VDC 5 A no 115x50x121.3 S8VS-12024 240 W 24 VDC 10 A no 115x100x125.3 S8VS-24024 480 W 24 VDC 20 A no 115x150x127.2 S8VS-48024 Specification 15 W 30 W 60 W 120 W 240 W 480 W Efficiency 77% min. (24 V) 80% min. (24 V) 78% min. 80% min. 80% min. 83% min. Power factor – – – 0.95 min. 0.95 min. 0.95 min. Input voltage 100 to 240 VAC (85 to 264 VAC), single-phase Output voltage Voltage adjustment ±10 to ±15% (with V. ADJ) min. Ripple 2% p-p max. (at rated input/output voltage) Input variation 0.5% max. (at 85 to 264 VAC input, 100% load) Temperature influence 0.05%/°C max. Overload protection 105 to 160% of rated load current, voltage drop, automatic reset Overvoltage protection yes yes yes yes yes yes Input current 100 V 0.45 A max. 0.9 A max. 1.7 A max. 1.9 A max. 3.8 A max. 7.4 A max. 200 V 0.25 A max. 0.6 A max. 1.0 A max. 1.1 A max. 2.0 A max. 3.9 A max. 230 V 0.19 A (5 V: 0.14 A) 0.37 A (5 V: 0.27 A) 0.7 A typ. 0.6 A typ. 1.2 A typ. 2.4 A typ. Output indicator yes (green) yes (green) yes (green) yes (green) yes (green) yes (green) LED Weight 160 g 180 g 330 g 550 g 1,150 g 1,700 g max. Operating temperature -10 to 60°C -10 to 60°C *1 *1 For 30 W model 24 V: No derating, 12 & 5 V: Derating beyond 50°C. -10 to 60°C, derating beyond 40°C, no icing or condensation Series operation yes (24 V only) yes yes yes yes yes 423 20 Power supplies S8VM Single-phase Slim size S8VM power supplies All models have the same height of only 84.5 mm. These ranges cover up-to 1,500 W. The output voltages are 5, 12, 15 or 24 VDC. In this series we have standard types and versions with two alarms up-to 150 W models: one for short dip in the 24 VDC supply, second one when the voltage gradually drops in time. The models form 300 W/600 W/1,500 W are equipped with an overload alarm function. • Widest range in DC-output voltage (5 V, 12 V, 15 V & 24 V) & wattage (15 up-to 1,500 W) • LED indication power ON • Transistor output & LED indication under-voltage alarm 1 & 2 or Power failure • All models can be Din-rail mounted (except 1,500W) • EMI Class B, UL Class 1 division 2, SEMI-F47 (200VAC input) Ordering information Specifications Power ratings Output voltage Output current Size in mm (HxWXD) Order code DIN-rail mounting Undervoltage alarm type Sinking (NPN) Sourcing (PNP) 15 W 12 V 1.3 A 84.5x35.1x94.4 S8VM-01512CD – – 24 V 0.65 A S8VM-01524CD S8VM-01524AD *1 *1 No alarm output built-in. 30 W 12 V 2.5 A 84.5x35.1x109.4 S8VM-03012CD – – 24 V 1.3 A S8VM-03024CD S8VM-03024AD *1 50 W 12 V 4.3 A 84.5x35.1x124.5 S8VM-05012CD – – 24 V 2.2 A S8VM-05024CD S8VM-05024AD S8VM-05024PD 100 W 12 V 8.5 A 84.5x36.6x164.5 S8VM-10012CD – – 24 V 4.5 A S8VM-10024CD S8VM-10024AD S8VM-10024PD 150 W 12 V 12.5 A 84.5x45.6x164.5 S8VM-15012CD – – 24 V 6.5 A S8VM-15024CD S8VM-15024AD S8VM-15024PD Power ratings Output voltage Output current Size in mm (HxWXD) Bottom mounting DIN-rail adaptor Power failure output 300 W 12 V 27 A 84.5x62.5x188 S8VM-30012C S82Y-VM30D overload, overvoltage and overheat 24 V 14 A S8VM-30024C 600 W 12 V 53 A 84.5x101.8x192 S8VM-60012C S82Y-VM60D 24 V 27 A S8VM-60024C – 1,500 W 24 V 70 A 84.5x126.5x327 S8VM-15224C – – Item 15 W 30 W 50 W 100 W 150 W 300 W 600 W 1,500 W Efficiency 12 V models 78% min. 79% min. 79% min. 81% min. 81% min. 78% min. 79% min. – 24 V models 80% min. 81% min. 80% min. 82% min. 83% min. 81% min. 81% min. 82% min. Input voltage 100 to 240 VAC, (85 to 264 VAC), single phase Output Voltage adjustment -20% to 20% with V. ADJ min. (S8VM-_ _ _ 24A_ /P_ : -10% to 20%) Ripple 12 V models 1.5% (p-p) max. 1.5% (p-p) max. 2.0% (p-p) max. – 24 V models 1.0% (p-p) max. 0.75% (p-p) max. 1.25% (p-p) max. 1.25% (p-p) max. Input variation 0.4% max. Temperature influence 0.02%/°C max. Overload protection 105% to 160% of rated load current, voltage drop, automatic reset Overvoltage protection yes Output indicator yes (green) Weight 180 g max. 220 g max. 290 g max. 460 g max. 530 g max. 1,100 g max. 1,700 g max. 3,800 g max. Series operation yes Remote sensing function no no no yes 424 S8JX-G Single-phase Slim & economic power supply The S8JX-G is Omron’s cost effective power supply delivering Omron’s quality and reliability. The range of this Power Supply covers up to 600 W, the output voltages are 5, 12 or 24 VDC. The low profile and multiple mounting options help you reduce panel space. With a minimum life expectancy of 10 years and protection against over-voltage, over-current and short circuiting, the S8JX-G is as reliable as you may expect from Omron. • Wide range in DC-output voltage (5 V, 12 V, 15 V & 24 V) & wattage (15 to 600 W) • LED indication power ON • Over-voltage, over-current, and short circuit protection • Vibration resistance 4,5 g • All models can be DIN-rail mounted • Approvals: UL, cUL, UL508 Listed, CE, SEMI F47, VDE Ordering information Specifications Power Output voltage Output current Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code 15 W 5 V 3 A 91x40x90 S8JX-G01505CD 12 V 1.3 A S8JX-G01512CD 15 V 1 A S8JX-G01515CD 24 V 0.65 A S8JX-G01524CD 35 W 5 V 7 A 91x40x90 S8JX-G03505CD 12 V 3 A S8JX-G03512CD 15 V 2.4 A S8JX-G03515CD 24 V 1.5 A S8JX-G03524CD 50 W 5 V 10 A 92x40x100 S8JX-G05005CD 12 V 4.2 A S8JX-G05012CD 24 V 2.1 A S8JX-G05024CD 100 W 5 V 20 A 92x50x150 S8JX-G10005CD 12 V 8.5 A S8JX-G10012CD 24 V 4.5 A S8JX-G10024CD 150 W 24 V 6.5 A 92x50x150 S8JX-G15024CD 300 W 24 V 14 A 92x110x167 S8JX-G30024CD 600 W 24 V 27 A 92x150x160 S8JX-G60024C*1 *1 Additional accessory is required for DIN-rail mounting. Item 15 W 35 W 50 W 100 W 150 W 300 W 600 W Efficiency 100 to 240 V input 68% min. 73% min. 76% min. 76% min. 86% min. – – 100/200 V (Selected) – – – – – 82% min. 80% min. Input voltage 100 to 240 VAC (85 to 264 VAC) 100 to 120 VAC (85 to 132 VAC) 200 to 240 VAC (170 to 264 VAC) (Switchable) 100 to 370 VDC Note: This range is not applicable for the safety standards. Output Voltage adjustment -10% to 15% (with V. ADJ) Ripple 2% (p-p) max. Input variation 0.4% max. Temperature influence 0.05%/°C max. (at rated input and output) 0.05%/°C max. Overload protection 105% to 160% of rated load current, voltage drop, intermittent, automatic reset 105% of rated load current, voltage drop, intermittent, automatic reset 105% of rated load current, Inverted L voltage drop, the circuit will be shut OFF when the overload exceeds 5 s. Overvoltage protection yes Output indicator yes (green) Weight 250 g max. 250 g max. 300 g max. 550 g max. 600 g max. 1,600 g max. 2,500 g max. Series operation yes (For up to two Power Supplies; external diodes required.) 425 20 Power supplies S8TS Single-phase Industrial use, modular power supply for multiple configurations The S8TS is an expandable power supply; standard units can easily be snapped together in parallel to provide you with ultimate flexibility. Expandable up to 4 units, it can deliver a total power of 240W at 24VDC or a multi-output configuration. • Improves system reliability by building up N+1 redundancy • Standard unit; 60 W at 24 VDC, 30 W at 12 VDC and 25 W at 5 VDC • Battery back-up unit protects against power outage (see accessories) • Buffer unit protects against power glitches and outage (see accessories) • EMI Class B, UL Class 2, UL Class 1 division 2 Ordering information Accessories Specifications Basic block Order code Output voltage Output current Screw terminal type Connector terminal type With bus line connectors*1 *1 One S8T-BUS01 connector and one S8T-BUS02 connector are included as accessories. Without bus line connectors*2 *2 Bus line connectors can be ordered separately if necessary. With bus line connectors*1 Without bus line connectors*2 24 V 2.5 A S8TS-06024-E1*3 *3 Conforms to EMI class B with DC minus terminal ground. S8TS-06024 S8TS-06024F-E1 S8TS-06024F 12 V 2.5 A S8TS-03012-E1 S8TS-03012 S8TS-03012F-E1 S8TS-03012F 5 V 5 A – S8TS-02505 – S8TS-02505F Bus line connector Type Number of connectors Order code AC line + DC line bus (For parallel operation) 1 connector S8T-BUS01 10 connectors*1 *1 One package contains 10 S8T-BUS01 connectors. S8T-BUS11 AC line bus (For series operation or isolated operation) 1 connector S8T-BUS02 10 connectors*2 *2 One package contains 10 S8T-BUS02 connectors. S8T-BUS12 Item 5 V models 24/12 V models Single operation Single operation Parallel operation Efficiency 62% min. 24 V models: 75%, 12 V models: 70% min. Power factor 0.8 min. 24 V models: 0.9 min., 12 V models: 0.8 min. Input voltage 100 to 240 VAC, (85 to 264 VAC), single-phase Output voltage Voltage adjustment 5 V ±10% min. 24 V models: 22 to 28 V, 12 V models: 12 V ±10% min. Ripple 2% (p-p) max. 2% (p-p) max. 2% (p-p) max. Input variation 0.5% max. – – Temperature influence 0.05%/°C max. (with rated input, 10 to 100% load) Overcurrent protection 105 to 125% of rated load current, inverted L drop, automatic reset Overvoltage protection yes yes yes Output indicator yes (green) yes (green) yes (green) Weight 450 g max. 450 g max. 450 g max. Series operation yes yes yes Parallel operation no yes yes Size in mm (HxWxD) 120x43x120 426 S8T-DCBU-01/-02 Single-phase S8T-DCBU-01 The S8T-DCBU-01 battery backup block supplies 24 VDC for a fixed period of time during AC input outages to considerably improve system reliability. • Supplies 24 VDC for a long period of time during AC input outages • For system reliability improvement • Block power supply basic block is connected by the bus line connector • Simple system configuration • Alarms indicated on main unit and via alarm signal output Ordering information Note:The S8TS DC back-up block is for S8TS power supplies only. Specifications S8T-DCBU-02 Prevents equipment stoppage, data loss and other problems resulting from momentary power failures. One S8T-DCBU-02 buffer block provides a back-up time of 500 ms at an output current of 2.5 A. Can be wired to the 24 VDC output from any switch mode power supply. • Connects to all Omron power supplies: S8TS, S8VS, S82J, S82K, S8VM, S8PE • Connects to both single-phase and three-phase power supplies • Connects to an S8TS power supply via an S8T-BUS03 bus line connector • Parallel connection up to 4 units to increase back-up time and capacity • Complies with Semi F47-0200 standard Ordering information Accessories Specifications Product Input voltage Output voltage Output current Order code DC back-up block 24 to 28 VDC 24 V 3.7 A/8 A S8T-DCBU-01 Battery holder – – – S82Y-TS01 Product Input voltage Output voltage Output current Type Order code Basic block (use together with the DC back-up block) 100 to 240 VAC 24 V 2.5 A Screw terminal type With bus line connectors S8TS-06024-E1 Without bus line connectors S8TS-06024 Connector terminal type With bus line connectors S8TS-06024F-E1 Without bus line connectors S8TS-06024F Product Back-up time Overcurrent protection operating point selector Order code Battery 8 min./3.7 A 5.7 A (typ.) – LC-R122R2PG 4 min./8.0 A 5.7 A (typ.) 11.7 A (typ.) LC-R123R4PG Item Size in mm (HxWxD) S8T-DCBU-01 120x43x130 Battery holder 82x185.7x222.25 Input voltage Output voltage (during back-up operation) Output current Order code 24 VDC (24 to 28 VDC) 22.5 V 2.5 A S8T-DCBU-02 Type Number of connectors Order code DC bus line connector (for use with S8TS only) 1 connector S8T-BUS03 10 connectors S8T-BUS13 Item Size in mm(HxWxD) S8T-DCBU-02 120x43x120 427 20 Power supplies S8VT Three-phase Compact 3-phase input power supply To make the compact power supply range complete we have our 3-phase S8VT series, which give you the best power to footprint ratio. The range exists of 4 models with wattage of 120, 240, 480 and 960 W all at 24 VDC. This version is constructed from a very robust metal housing and all models are din-rail mounting. The input range cover 3 phase voltage input from 340 to 576 VAC and single phase DC input from 480 to 810 VDC. • 5, 10, 20 and 40A; 24VDC output • 3-phase input (340-576VAC) or 1-phase 480 to 810 VDC • Compact design with best footprint on the market • UL60950 (CSA22.2-60950), UL508 listing (CSA22.2-14) and CE • Parallel & serial operation possible (all models) Ordering information Specifications Power ratings Output voltage Output current Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code 120 W 24 V 5 A 125x45x130 S8VT-F12024E 240 W 24 V 10 A 170x45x130 S8VT-F24024E 480 W 24 V 20 A 170x100x130 S8VT-F48024E 960 W 24 V 40 A 170x195x130 S8VT-F96024E Item 5 A 10 A 20 A 40 A Efficiency 88% 90% 91% 91% Voltage range 340 to 576 VAC 3 AC resp, 480 to 810 VDC (1 phase) Output voltage Voltage adjustment 22.5 to 26.4 VDC min. Ripple 100 mV max. Input variation ±0.5% max. Temperature influence Less than 0.05%/°C Overload protection yes Overvoltage protection yes Output indicator yes (green) Weight 750 g 1.0 kg 1.8 kg 3.3 kg Series operation yes (for 2 units) Parallel operation yes (for 2 units) H2C Motor timer WHEN TIMING ACCURACY MATTERS! The H5CX series offers multiple-functions and -timing ranges for precise timing control, as well as real twin-timing and memory function. These and other added-value features ensure that the H5CX covers almost every possible user requirement in timers. • 15 different time functions • Three colour display value, red, orange or green • Models with instantaneous contact outputs • 0.001 s to 9999 h, 10 ranges H5CX – The most complete digital timer 428 Page 437 Timers H3DK 22.5 mm H3DS H3CR 17.5 mm Which size is required? Which mounting method is required? Which type of timer is needed? H3YN DIN-rail Plug/front Analogue H5CX 48x24 mm 48x48 mm Which size is required? Digital H8GN timer/counter 429 21 Timers Page 432 Page 433 Page 434 Page 435 Page 445 Page 436 430 Selection table Category Analogue solid state timer Selection criteria Model H3DS-M H3DS-S H3DS-A H3DS-F H3DS-G H3DS-X H3DK-M H3DK-S H3DK-F H3DK-G H3DK-H Mounting DIN-rail Size 17.5 mm 22.5 mm Type Multi-functional Twin timer Star-delta Two-wired Multi-functional Twin timer Star-delta Power OFF-delay Contact configuration Time limit            Instantaneous – – – – – –   – – – Programmable contacts – – – – – –   – – – 14 pins – – – – – – – – – – – 11 pins – – – – – – – – – – – 8 pins – – – – – – – – – – – Screw terminals            Screw-less clamp terminals       – – – – – Screw-less clamp sockets – – – – – – – – – – – Inputs Voltage input    – – –   – – – Outputs Transistor – – – – – – – – – – – Relay      –      SCR – – – – –  – – – – – Relay output type SPDT     – –     (2x)  SPST-NO – – – –  (2x) – – – – – – DPDT – – – – – –   – – – 4PDT – – – – – – – – – – – Features Time range Total time range 0.1 s to 120 h 1 s to 120 h 2 s to 120 h 0.1 s to 12 h 1 s to 120 s 0.1 s to 120 h 0.1 s to 1,200 h 0.1 s to 1,200 h 0.1 s to 1,200 h 1 s to 120 s 0.1 s to 120 s Number of sub ranges 7 7 7 6 2 7 12 12 8 2 2 (model dependent) Supply voltage 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 230 VAC or 24 to 48 VDC 24 to 240 VAC/DC or 12 VDC 24 to 240 VAC/DC or 12 VDC 24 to 240 VAC/DC or 12 VDC 24 to 240 VAC/DC, 240 to 440VAC, 12 VDC 100 to 120 VAC, 200 to 240 VAC, 24 to 48 VAC/DC Number of operating modes 8 4 1 2 1 1 8 4 1 1 1 Functions ON-delay   – – –    – – – Flicker OFF start  – –  – –  –  – – Flicker ON start   –  – –    – – Signal ON-/OFF-delay  – – – – –  – – – – Signal OFF-delay  – – – – –  – – –  Interval (signal or power start)   – – – –   – – – One-shot output (ON-delay)   – – – –   – – – ON-delay (fixed) – –  – – – – – –  – Independent ON/OFF time setting – – – – – – – – – – – Star-delta – – – –  – – – – – – Remarks Transistor – – – – –  – – – – – Page 432 433 Timers 431 21 Timers Category Analogue solid state timer Digital timer Motor timer Selection criteria Model H3YN H3CR-A H3CR-F H3CR-G H3CR-H H5CX H8GN H2C Mounting Socket/on panel Size 21.5 mm 1/16 DIN 1/32 DIN 1/16 DIN Type Miniature Multifunctional Twin timer Star-delta Power OFF-delay Multifunctional Preset counter/ timer Motor timer Contact configuration Time limit         Instantaneous –  –    –  Programmable contacts – – – – –   – 14 pins  – – – – – – – 11 pins –      –  8 pins       –  Screw terminals – – – – –    Screw-less clamp terminals – – – – – – – – Screw-less clamp sockets  – – – – – – – Inputs Voltage input –  – – – – – – Outputs Transistor –  – – –  – – Relay         SCR – – – – – – – – Relay output type SPDT –  – –     SPST-NO – – –  (2x) – – – – DPDT    –  – – – 4PDT  – – – – – – – Features Time range Total time range 0.1 s to 10 h (model dependent) 0.05 s to 300 h, 0.1 s to 600 h (model dependent) 0.05 s to 30 h or 1.2 s to 300 h (model dependent) 0.5 s to 120 s 0.05 s to 12 s, 1.2 s to 12 min 0.001 s to 9999 h (configurable) 0.000 s to 9999 h (configurable) 0.2 s to 30 h Number of sub ranges 2 9 14 4 4 10 9 15 Supply voltage 24, 100 to 120, 200 to 230 VAC, 12, 24, 48, 100 to 110, 125 VDC 100 to 240 VAC, 100 to 125 VDC, 24 to 48 VAC, 12 to 48 VDC 100 to 240 VAC, 12 VDC, 24 VAC/DC, 48 to 125 VDC 100 to 120 VAC, 200 to 240 VAC 100 to 120 VAC, 200 to 240 VAC, 24 VAC/DC, 48 VDC, 100 to 125 VDC 100 to 240 VAC, 24 VAC, 12 to 24 VDC 24 VDC 24, 48, 100, 110, 115, 120, 200, 220, 240 VAC Number of operating modes 4 6 (model dependent) – 1 1 15 6 2 Functions ON-delay   – – –    Flicker OFF start    – –   – Flicker ON start    – –  – – Signal ON-/OFF-delay –  – – –  – – Signal OFF-delay –  – –     Interval (signal or power start)   – – –   – One-shot output (ONdelay) –  – – –  – – ON-delay (fixed) – – – – –  – – Independent ON/OFF time setting – – – – –   – Star-delta – – –  – – – – Remarks Transistor –  – – –  – – Page 434 435 436 445 437  Standard  Available – No/not available 432 H3DS Analogue solid state timers DIN-rail mounted, standard 17.5 mm wide solid state timer range This broad range of timers includes many functionalities and has a wide AC/DC power supply range. Models with screwless clamp connection available. • 17.5 mm width, modular 45 mm • DIN-rail mounting • 24-48 VDC and 24-230 VAC • 0.1 s to 120 h, 7 ranges Ordering information Specifications Type Supply voltage Control output Time setting range Operating modes Order code Screw terminal type Screw-less clamp type Multi-functional timer 24 to 230 VAC (50/60 Hz)/ 24 to 48 VDC SPDT 0.1 s to120 h ON-delay, flicker OFF start, flicker ON start, signal ON/OFF-delay, signal OFF-delay, interval, one-shot H3DS-ML H3DS-MLC Standard timer ON-delay, flicker ON start, interval, oneshot H3DS-SL H3DS-SLC Single function timer ON-delay H3DS-AL H3DS-ALC Twin timer Relay SPDT 0.1 s to 12 h Flicker OFF start, flicker ON start H3DS-FL H3DS-FLC Star-delta timer 2x Relay SPST-NO 1 s to 120 s Star-delta H3DS-GL H3DS-GLC Two-wired timer 24 to 230 VAC/VDC (50/60 Hz) SCR output 0.1 s to 120 h ON-delay H3DS-XL H3DS-XLC Terminal block Screw terminal type: Clamps two 2.5 mm2 max. bar terminals without sleeves Screw-less clamp type: Clamps two 1.5 mm2 max. bar terminals without sleeves Mounting method DIN-rail mounting Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage Power reset Minimum power-off time: 0.1 s, 0.5 s for H3DS-G Reset voltage 2.4 VAC/VDC max., 1.0 VAC/VDC max. for H3DS-X Voltage input Max. permissible capacitance between input lines (terminals B1 and A2): 2,000 pF Load connectable in parallel with inputs (terminals B1 and A1) H-level: 20.4 to 253 VAC/20.4 to 52.8 VDC L-level: 0 to 2.4 VAC/VDC Control output Contact output: 5 A at 250 VAC with resistive load (cos = 1) 5 A at 30 VDC with resistive load (cos = 1) Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no icing) Storage: -25 to 65°C (with no icing) Accuracy of operating time ±1% max. of FS (±1% ±10 ms max. at 1.2 s range) Setting error ±10% ±50 ms max. of FS Influence of voltage ±0.7% max. of FS (±0.7% ±10 ms max. at 1.2 s range) Influence of temperature ±5% max. of FS (±5% ±10 ms max. at 1.2 s range) Life expectancy (not H3DS-X) Mechanical: 10 million operations min. (under no load at 1,800 operations/h) Electrical: 100,000 operations min. (5 A at 250 VAC, resistive load at 360 operations/h) Size in mm(HxWxD) 80x17.5x73 433 21 Timers H3DK Analogue solid state timers DIN-rail mounted, standard 22.5 mm wide solid state timer range The H3DK series of timers provides a wide AC/DC power supply and time range to reduce the number of items. • Size in mm (HxWxD): 79x22.5x100 • DIN-rail mounting • 12 VDC and 24-240 VAC/VDC (except -H). 240-440 VAC for -G • Wide time setting range: 0.10 s - 1,200 h (except -H and -G), 12 ranges (for -M and -S) Ordering information Specifications Type Supply voltage Control output Time setting range Operating modes Order code Multi-functional standard timers 12 VDC SPDT 0.1 s to 1200 h ON-delay, flicker OFF start, flicker ON start, signal ON/OFF-delay, signal OFF-delay, interval, one-shot H3DK-M1A DC12 DPDT H3DK-M2A DC12 *1 *1 One output can be set to instantaneous. SPDT ON-delay, flicker ON start, interval, one-shot H3DK-S1A DC12 DPDT H3DK-S2A DC12 *1 24 to 240 VAC/VDC SPDT ON-delay, flicker OFF start, flicker ON start, signal ON/OFF-delay, signal OFF-delay, interval, one-shot H3DK-M1 AC/DC24-240 DPDT H3DK-M2 AC/DC24-240 *1 SPDT ON-delay, flicker ON start, interval, one-shot H3DK-S1 AC/DC24-240 DPDT H3DK-S2 AC/DC24-240 *1 Twin timer 12 VDC SPDT 0.1 s to 12 h Flicker OFF start, flicker ON start H3DK-FA DC12 24 to 240 VAC/VDC H3DK-F AC/DC24-240 Star-delta timer 12 VDC 2x SPDT 1 to 120 s Star-delta H3DK-GA DC12 24 to 240 VAC/VDC H3DK-G AC/DC24-240 240 to 440 VAC H3DK-GE AC/DC240-440 Power OFF-delay timer 24 to 48 VAC/VDC SPDT 1 to 120 s Signal OFF-delay H3DK-HBL AC/DC24-48 0.1 to 12 s H3DK-HBS AC/DC24-48 100 to 120 VAC 1 to 120 s H3DK-HCL AC100-120V 0.1 to 12 s H3DK-HCS AC100-120V 200 to 240 VAC 1 to 120 s H3DK-HDL AC200-240V 0.1 to 12 s H3DK-HDS AC200-240V Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage (90 to 110% for the 12 VDC models). Power reset Minimum power-off time: H3DK-M/S, H3DK-F: 0.1 s, H3DK-G: 0.5 s. (Not for H3DK-H) Reset voltage 10% of rated voltage. (Not for H3DK-H) Voltage input (H3DK-M/-S) 24 to 240 VAC/DC: H-level 20.4 to 264 VAC/VDC, L-level 0 to 2.4 VAC/VDC. 12 VDC: H-level 10.8 to 13.2 VDC, L-level 0 to 1.2 VDC. Control output Contact output: 5 A at 250 VAC with resistive load (cos = 1), 5 A at 24 VDC (30 VDC for -M/-S) with resistive load (not for H3DK-GE) Ambient temperature Operating: -20 to 55°C (with no icing), storage: -40 to 70°C (with no icing) Accuracy of operating time ±1% of FS max. (±1% ±10 ms max. at 1.2 s range) Setting error ±10% of FS ±0.05 s max. Minimum input signal width 50 ms (start input) (Only for H3DK-M/S) Influence of voltage ±0.5% of FS max. (±0.5% ±10 ms max. at 1.2 s range). For H3DK-G: ±0.5% of FS max. Influence of temperature ±2% of FS max. (±2% ±10 ms max. at 1.2s range). For H3DK-G: ±2% of FS max. Life expectancy Mechanical: 10 million operations min. (under no load at 1,800 operations/h) Electrical: 100,000 operations min. (5 A at 250 VAC, resistive load at 360 operations/h) Degree of protection IP30 (terminal block: IP20) Terminal block Clamps two 2.5 mm2 max. bar terminals without sleeves Size in mm (HxWxD) 79x22.5x100 434 H3YN Analogue solid state timers Miniature timer with multiple time ranges and multiple operating modes H3YN features 4 multi-operating modes: ON-delay, interval, flicker ON start and flicker OFF start. • Size in mm (HxWxD): 28x21.5x52.6 • Plug-in • All supply voltages available • 0.1 s to 10 h • DPDT (5A) or 4PDT (3A) Ordering information Accessories Connecting socket Hold-down clips Specifications Supply voltage Functions Time-limit contact Order code Short-time range model (0.1 s to 10 min) Long-time range model (0.1 min to 10 h) 12 VDC ON-delay Interval Flicker ON Flicker OFF DPDT H3YN-2 12DC H3YN-21 12DC 24 VAC H3YN-2 24AC H3YN-21 24AC 24 VDC H3YN-2 24DC H3YN-21 24DC 100 to 120 VAC H3YN-2 100-120AC H3YN-21 100-120AC 200 to 230 VAC H3YN-2 200-230AC H3YN-21 200-230AC 12 VDC 4PDT H3YN-4 12DC H3YN-41 12DC 24 VAC H3YN-4 24AC H3YN-41 24AC 24 VDC H3YN-4 24DC H3YN-41 24DC 100 to 120 VAC H3YN-4 100-120AC H3YN-41 100-120AC 200 to 230 VAC H3YN-4 200-230AC H3YN-41 200-230AC Timer DIN-rail mounting/ front-connecting socket Back-connecting socket PCB terminal H3YN-2/-21 PYF08A, PYF08A-N, PYF08A-E PY08-02 H3YN-4/-41 PYF14A, PYF14A-N, PYF14A-E PY14-02 Applicable socket Order code PYF08A, PYF08A-N, PYF08A-E, PYF14A, PYF14A-N, PYF14A-E Y92H-3 (pair) PY08, PY08-02, PY14-02 Y92H-4 Item H3YN-2/-4 H3YN-21/-41 Time ranges 0.1 s to 10 min (1 s, 10 s, 1 min, or 10 min max. selectable) 0.1 min to 10 h (1 min, 10 min, 1 h, or 10 h max. selectable) Rated supply voltage 24, 100 to 120, 200 to 230 VAC (50/60 Hz) 12, 24, 48, 100 to 110, 125 VDC Pin type Plug-in Operating mode ON-delay, interval, flicker OFF start, or flicker ON start (selectable with DIP switch) Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage (12 VDC: 90 to 110% of rated supply voltage) Reset voltage 10% min. of rated supply voltage Control outputs DPDT: 5 A at 250 VAC, resistive load (cos = 1), 4PDT: 3 A at 250 VAC, resistive load (cos = 1) Accuracy of operating time ±1% FS max. (1 s range: ±1% ±10 ms max.) Setting error ±10% ±50 ms FS max. Reset time Min. power-opening time: 0.1 s max. (including halfway reset) Influence of voltage ±2% FS max. Influence of temperature ±2% FS max. Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 50°C (with no icing), storage: -25 to 65°C (with no icing) Degree of protection IP40 Size in mm (HxWxD) 28x21.5x52.6 435 21 Timers H3CR Analogue solid state timers DIN 48x48 mm multi-functional timer series This elaborate range of solid state timers provides you with a multi-functional timer, twin timer, star-delta timer and a power OFF-delay timer. • 48x48 mm front-panel/plug-in • High-/low-voltage models (except -H and -G) • 0.05 s to 300 h (except -H and -G) • DPDT, 5A at 250VAC • Transistor 100mA at 30VDC Ordering information Accessories Specifications Output Number of pins Supply voltage Time range Operating mode Order code Relay DPDT 11 100 to 240 VAC/100 to 125 VDC 0.05 s to 300 h ON-delay, flicker OFF start, flicker ON start, signal ON/ OFF-delay, signal OFF-delay, interval H3CR-A 100-240AC/100-125DC 24 to 48 VAC/12 to 48 VDC H3CR-A 24-48AC/12-48DC Transistor 24 to 48 VAC/12 to 48 VDC 0.05 s to 300 h H3CR-AS 24-48AC/12-48DC Relay DPDT 8 100 to 240 VAC/100 to 125 VDC 0.05 s to 300 h ON-delay, flicker ON start, interval, one-shot H3CR-A8 100-240AC/100-125DC 24 to 48 VAC/12 to 48 VDC H3CR-A8 24-48AC/12-48DC Transistor 24 to 48 VAC/12 to 48 VDC 0.05 s to 300 h H3CR-A8S 24-48AC/12-48DC Relay SPDT 100 to 240 VAC/100 to 125 VDC H3CR-A8E 100-240AC/100-125DC 24 to 48 VAC/VDC H3CR-A8E 24-48AC/DC Relay DPDT 11 100 to 240 VAC 0.05 s to 30 h Flicker OFF start H3CR-F 100-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-F 24AC/DC 8 100 to 240 VAC H3CR-F8 100-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-F8 24AC/DC 11 100 to 240 VAC 0.05 s to 30 h Flicker ON start H3CR-FN 100-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-FN 24AC/DC 8 100 to 240 VAC H3CR-F8N 100-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-F8N 24AC/DC Time-limit contact and instantaneous contact 100 to 120 VAC Star-delta H3CR-G8EL 100-120AC 200 to 240 VAC H3CR-G8EL 200-240AC DPDT 8 100 to 120 VAC 0.05 to 12 s Power OFF-delay H3CR-H8LS 100-120AC 200 to 240 VAC H3CR-H8LS 200-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-H8LS 24AC/DC 100 to 120 VAC 0.05 to 12 m H3CR-H8LM 100-120AC 200 to 240 VAC H3CR-H8LM 200-240AC 24 VAC/VDC H3CR-H8LM 24AC/DC Name/specifications Order code Flush-mounting adapter Y92F-30 Protective cover Y92A-48B Front connecting socket 8-pin, finger-safe type, DIN-rail P2CF-08-E Front connecting socket 11-pin, finger-safe type, DIN-rail P2CF-11-E Back connecting socket 8-pin P3G-08 11-pin P3GA-11 Name/specifications Order code Time setting ring Setting a specific time Y92S-27 Limiting the setting range Y92S-28 Panel cover Light grey (5Y7/1) Y92P-48GL Black (N1.5) Y92P-48GB Accuracy of operating time ±0.2% FS max. (±0.2% ±10 ms max. in a range of 1.2 s) Influence of voltage ±0.2% FS max. (±0.2% ±10 ms max. in a range of 1.2 s) Influence of temperature ±1% FS max. (±1% ±10 ms max. in a range of 1.2 s) Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no icing), storage: -25 to 65°C (with no icing) Life expectancy Mechanical: 20,000,000 operations min. (under no load at 1,800 operations/h) Electrical: 100,000 operations min. (5 A at 250 VAC, resistive load at 1,800 operations/h) Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x48x66.6 (H3CR-A, -F), 48x48x78 (H3CR-G, -H) Setting error ±5% FS ±50 ms Degree of protection IP40 (panel surface) Weight Approx. 90 g 436 H5CX Digital timers The most complete digital standard timer on the market H5CX offers you the most complete series of products on the market today. Based on extensive customer research, these new timers have been designed with value added features that users both need and appreciate. • Size in mm (HxWxD): 48x48x59 to 78 mm • Three colour display value, red, green or orange • Models with Instantaneous Contact Outputs • 0.001 s to 9999 h, 10 ranges • Input NPN, PNP and contact Ordering information Accessories Specifications Output type Supply voltage Functions External connection Size in mm (HxWxD) Inputs Order code Contact output 100 to 240 VAC A: Signal ON-delay A-1: Signal ON-delay 2 A-2: Power ON-delay 1 A-3: Power ON-delay 2 b: Repeat cycle 1 b-1: Repeat cycle 2 d: Signal OFF-delay E: Interval F: Cumulative Z: ON/OFF-duty adjustable flicker toff: Twin timer OFF start ton: Twin timer ON start Screw terminals 48x48x84 Signal, Reset, Gate (NPN/PNP inputs) H5CX-A-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC 48x48x65 H5CX-AD-N Transistor output 100 to 240 VAC 48x48x84 H5CX-AS-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC 48x48x65 H5CX-ASD-N Contact output 100 to 240 VAC 11-pin socket 48x48x69.7 Signal, Reset, Gate (NPN/PNP inputs) H5CX-A11-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H5CX-A11D-N Transistor output 100 to 240 VAC H5CX-A11S-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H5CX-A11SD-N Contact output 100 to 240 VAC 8-pin socket 48x48x69.7 Signal, Reset (NPN inputs) H5CX-L8-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H5CX-L8D-N Transistor output 100 to 240 VAC H5CX-L8S-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H5CX-L8SD-N Contact output Models with instantaneous contact outputs 100 to 240 VAC A-2: Power ON-delay 1 b: Repeat cycle 1 E: Interval Z: ON/OFF-duty adjustable flicker toff: Twin timer OFF start 1 ton: Twin timer ON start 1 – H5CX-L8E-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H5CX-L8ED-N Transistor output 12 to 24 VDC A: Signal ON-delay 1 F: Cumulative Screw terminals 48x48x65 Signal, Reset, Gate (NPN/PNP inputs) H5CX-BWSD-N Name Order code Flush-mounting adapter Y92F-30 Waterproof packing Y92S-29 Front-connecting socket 8-pin, finger safe type P2CF-08-E 11-pin, finger safe type P2CF-11-E Back-connecting socket 8-pin P3G-08 11-pin P3GA-11 Hard cover Y92A-48 Soft cover Y92A-48F1 Front panels (4-digit models) Light gray Y92P-CXT4G White Y92P-CXT4S Item H5CX-A_ H5CX-A11_ H5CX-L8_ Display 7-segment, negative transmissive LCD Present value: 12 mm high characters red, orange or green (programmable) red Set value: 6 mm high characters, green Digits 4 digits Total time range 0.001 s to 9,999 h (configurable) Timer mode Elapsed time (Up), remaining time (Down) (selectable) Input signals Signal, reset, gate Signal, reset Key protection Yes Memory backup EEPROM (overwrites: 100,000 times min.) that can store data for 10 years min. Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (no icing or condensation), side-by-side mounting: -10 to 50°C Case colour Black (N1.5) 437 21 Timers H2C Motor timers DIN-sized (48x48) motor timer with variable time ranges This motor timer series provides you with many features, such as ON-delay, time indicator, moving pointer and synchronous motor. Moreover, the LED indicator shows the time operation, time range and the rated voltage. • DIN-sized 48x48mm • Front-panel/plug-in/DIN-rail • All supply voltages available • 0.2 s to 30 h • SPDT, 6A at 250VAC Ordering information Note: Other voltages available on request Accessories Specifications Operation/resetting system Internal connection Terminal Time-limit contact Instantaneou s contact Time range code Order code Time-limit operation/ electric resetting Separate motor and clutch connection 11-pin socket SPDT SPDT 1.25 s to 30 h in 5 ranges H2C-RSA 110AC H2C-RSA 220AC H2C-RSA 24AC 0.2 s to 6 h in 5 ranges H2C-RSB 110AC H2C-RSB 220AC H2C-RSB 24AC 0.5 s to 12 h in 5 ranges H2C-RSC 110AC H2C-RSC 220AC H2C-RSC 24AC Time-limit operation/ self-resetting Separate motor and clutch connection 11-pin socket SPDT SPDT 1.25 s to 30 h in 5 ranges H2C-SA 110AC H2C-SA 220AC H2C-SA 24AC 0.2 s to 6 h in 5 ranges H2C-SB 110AC H2C-SB 220AC H2C-SB 24AC 0.5 s to 12 h in 5 ranges H2C-SC 110AC H2C-SC 220AC H2C-SC 24AC Name/specifications Order code DIN-rail mounting/ front-connecting socket 8-pin, finger safe type P2CF-08-E 11-pin, finger safe type P2CF-11-E Back-connecting socket 8-pin, screw terminal P3G-08 11-pin P3GA-11 Name/specifications Order code Hold-down clip (pair) For PL08 and PL11 sockets Y92H-1 For PF085A socket Y92H-2 Flush mounting adapter Y92F-30 Time setting ring Y92A-Y1 Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage Reset voltage 10% max. of rated supply voltage Reset time Min. power-opening time: 0.5 s, min. pulse width: 0.5 s Control outputs 6 A at 250 VAC, resistive load (cos = 1) Mounting method Flush mounting (except for H2C-F/-FR models), surface-mounting, DIN-rail mounting Life expectancy Mechanical: 10,000,000 operations min. Electrical: 500,000 operations min. Motor life expectancy 20,000 h Accuracy of operating time ±0.5% FS max. (±1% max. at 0.2 to 6 s for the time range code B or at 0.5 to 12 s for the time range code C) Setting error ±2% FS max. Reset time 0.5 s max. Influence of voltage ±1% FS max. Influence of temperature ±2% FS max. Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 50°C Case colour Light grey (Munsell 5Y7/1) Degree of protection IP40 (panel surface) Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x48x77.5 H7ER Speed H7EC Totalising H7ET Timer Which type of application? 48x24 mm (1/32 DIN) Which size is required? Totalising MULTI-FUNCTIONAL PRESET COUNTER The H7CX series offers the ultimate in versatility and intuitive programming. • 7 basic functions in one • Switching colour on threshold, green, orange & red • Twin counter mode • 12 different outputs modes • Display 6 digits from -100 K +1 up to 1 M -1 H7CX – Designed with value added features 438 Page 442 Page 443 Page 444 Counters H7CX H8GN counter/timer 48x24 mm (1/32 DIN) 48x48 mm (1/16 DIN) Which size is required? Pre-set counter time count What is the type of counting application? H8PS 96x96 mm (1/4 DIN) Which size is required? Cam positioner 439 22 Counters Page 445 Page 446 Page 447 440 Selection table Category Self-powered total Self-powered timer Self-powered tachometer Selection criteria Model H7EC H7ET H7ER Display LCD Size 1/32 DIN Outputs Control outputs – – – 5 stage – – – Total   – Time –  – Preset – – – Batch – – – Dual – – – Tachometer  –  Inputs Control inputs No-voltage, PNP/NPN, DC-voltage, AC/DC multi-voltage No-voltage, PNP/NPN, DC-voltage, AC/DC multi-voltage No-voltage, PNP/NPN Features Dual operation – – – Number of digits 8 7 4 or 5 NPN/PNP switch    Back-lit    External reset   – Manual reset   – Number of banks – – – Built-in sensor power supply – – – IP rating IP66 IP66 IP66 Terminals Screw terminals    PCB terminals – – – 11-pin socket – – – Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC – – – 12 to 24 VDC – – – 24 VDC    Comms – – – Functions Up   – Down – – – Up/down – – – Reversible – – – Speed 0 to 30 Hz or 0 to 1 kHz – 1 or 10 kHz Counting range 0 to 99999999 0.0 h to 999999.9 h <--> 0.0 h to 3999 d 23.9 h or 0 s to 999 h 59 min 59 s <--> 0.0 min to 9999 h 59.9 min 1000 s-1 or 1000 min-1; 1000 s-1 or 1000 min-1 <--> 10000 min-1 Colour Beige    Black    Page 442 443 444 Counters 441 22 Counters Counter type Pre-set counter/timer Pre-set counter Cam positioner Selection criteria Model H8GN H7CX H8PS Display LCD negative transmissive LCD negative transmissive Size 1/32 DIN 1/16 DIN 1/4 DIN Outputs Control outputs 1 relay (SPDT) 1 relay (SPDT), transistor NPN or PNP, cam outputs 8/16/32, run out, tachometer 5 stage   – Total   – Time  – – Preset   – Batch   – Dual   – Tachometer –  – Inputs Control inputs No-voltage No-voltage, PNP/NPN Encoder Features Dual operation    Number of digits PV: 4, SV: 4 PV: 4, SV: 4 or PV: 6, SV: 6 7 NPN/PNP switch –  – Back-lit –   External reset   – Manual reset   8 (16- and 32-output models only) Number of banks 4 – – Built-in sensor power supply –  – IP rating IP66 IP66 IP40 Terminals Screw terminals    PCB terminals – –  11-pin socket –  – Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC –  – 12 to 24 VDC –  – 24 VDC  –  Comms  – – Functions Up   – Down   – Up/down –  – Reversible   – Speed 0 to 30 Hz or 0 to 5 kHz 0 to 30 Hz or 0 to 5 kHz – Counting range -999 to 9999 -99999 to 999999 – Colour Beige – –  Black   – Page 445 446 447  Standard  Available – No/not available 442 H7EC Totalisers Self-powered LCD totaliser The H7E series is available with large display with 8.6 mm character height. It includes models with backlight for improved visibility in dimly lit places. The H7E family includes total counters, time counters, tachometers and PCB mounted counters. • Size in mm (HxWxD): 24x48x55.5, 1/32 DIN size housing • 8 digits, 8.6 mm character height • Black or light-grey housing • Dual input speed: 30 Hz <-> 1 kHz • Short body: all models have a depth of 48.5 mm Ordering information Specifications Count input Max. counting speed Display Order code Light grey body Black body No-voltage 30 Hz <-> 1 kHz (switchable) 7-segment LCD H7EC-N H7EC-N-B PNP/NPN universal DC voltage input 30 Hz <-> 1 kHz (switchable) 7-segment LCD H7EC-NV H7EC-NV-B 7-segment LCD with backlight H7EC-NV-H H7EC-NV-BH AC/DC multi-voltage input 20 Hz 7-segment LCD H7EC-NFV H7EC-NFV-B Item H7EC-NV-_/H7EC-NV-_H H7EC-NFV-_ H7EC-N-_ Operating mode Up type Mounting method Flush mounting External connections Screw terminals, optional wire-wrap terminals Number of digits 8 Display 7-segment LCD with or without backlight, zero suppression (character height: 8.6 mm) Max. counting speed 30 Hz/1 kHz 20 Hz 30 Hz/1 kHz Case colour Light grey or black (-B models) Attachment Waterproof packing, flush mounting bracket Supply voltage Backlight model: 24 VDC (0.3 W max.) (only for backlight) No-backlight model: Not required (powered by built-in battery) Not required (powered by built-in battery) Count input High (logic) level: 4.5 to 30 VDC Low (logic) level: 0 to 2 VDC (input impedance: Approx. 4.7 k) High (logic) level: 24 to 240 VAC/VDC, 50/60 Hz Low (logic) level: 0 to 2.4 VAC/VDC, 50/60 Hz No voltage input Maximum short-circuit impedance: 10 k max. Short-circuit residual voltage: 0.5 V max. Reset input No voltage input Minimum open impedance: 750 k min. Maximum short-circuit impedance: 10 k max. Short-circuit residual voltage: 0.5 V max. Minimum open impedance: 750 k min. Minimum signal width 20 Hz: 25 ms, 30 Hz: 16.7 ms, 1 KHz: 0.5 ms Reset system External reset and manual reset: Minimum signal width of 20 ms Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing), storage: -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Degree of protection Front-panel: IP66, NEMA4, terminal block: IP20 Battery life (reference) 7 years min. with continuous input at 25°C (lithium battery) Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x55.5 443 22 Counters H7ET Totalisers Self-powered time counter The H7E series is available with large display with 8.6mm character height. It includes models with backlight for improved visibility in dimly lit places. The H7E family includes total counters, time counters, tachometers and PCB mounted counters. • Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x55.5, 1/32 DIN size housing • 7 digits, 8.6mm character height • Black or light-grey housing • Dual time range 999999.9 h <-> 3999 d 23.9 h or 999 h 59 m 59 s <-> 9999 h 59.9m Ordering information Specifications Timer input Display Order code Time range 999999.9h <-> 3999d23.9h (switchable) Time range 999h59m59s <-> 9999h59.9m Light grey body Black body Light grey body Black body No-voltage input 7-segment LCD H7ET-N H7ET-N-B H7ET-N1 H7ET-N1-B PNP/NPN universal DC voltage input 7-segment LCD H7ET-NV H7ET-NV-B H7ET-NV1 H7ET-NV1-B 7-segment LCD with backlight H7ET-NV-H H7ET-NV-BH H7ET-NV1-H H7ET-NV1-BH AC/DC multi-voltage input 7-segment LCD H7ET-NFV H7ET-NFV-B H7ET-NFV1 H7ET-NFV1-B Item H7ET-NV_-_/H7ET-NV_-_H H7ET-NFV_-_ H7ET-N_-_ Operating mode Accumulating Mounting method Flush mounting External connections Screw terminals Display 7-segment LCD with or without backlight, zero suppression (character height: 8.6 mm) Number of digits 7 Case colour Light grey or black (-B models) Attachment Waterproof packing, flush mounting bracket, time unit labels Supply voltage Backlight model: 24 VDC (0.3 W max.) (for backlight) No-backlight model: Not required (powered by built-in battery) Not required (powered by built-in battery) Timer input High (logic) level: 4.5 to 30 VDC Low (logic) level: 0 to 2 VDC (Input impedance: Approx. 4.7 k) High (logic) level: 24 to 240 VAC/VDC, 50/60 Hz Low (logic) level: 0 to 2.4 VAC/VDC, 50/60 Hz No voltage input Maximum short-circuit impedance: 10 k max. Short-circuit residual voltage: 0.5 V max. Reset input No voltage input Minimum open impedance: 750 k min. Maximum short-circuit impedance: 10 k max. Short-circuit residual voltage: 0.5 V max. Minimum open impedance: 750 k min. Minimum pulse width 1 s Reset system External reset and manual reset: Minimum signal width of 20 ms Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing), storage: -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Time accuracy ±100 ppm (25°C) Degree of protection Front-panel: IP66, NEMA4 with waterproof packing, terminal block: IP20 Battery life (reference) 10 years min. with continuous input at 25°C (lithium battery) Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x55.5 444 H7ER Totalisers Self-powered tachometer The H7E series is available with large display with 8.6mm character height. It includes models with backlight for improved visibility in dimly lit places. The H7E family includes total counters, time counters, tachometers and PCB mounted counters. • Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x53.5, 1/32 DIN size housing • 5 digits, 8.6mm character height • Black or light-grey housing • Dual revolution display Ordering information Specifications Count input Display Order code Max. revolutions displayed (applicable encoder resolution) 1,000 s-1 (1 pulse/rev.) 1,000 min-1 (60 pulse/rev.) 1,000.0 s-1 (10 pulse/rev) 1,000.0 min-1 (600 pulse/rev) <-> 10,000 min-1 (60 pulse/rev) (switchable) Light grey body Black body Light grey body Black body No-voltage input 7-segment LCD H7ER-N H7ER-N-B PNP/NPN universal DC voltage input 7-segment LCD H7ER-NV H7ER-NV-B H7ER-NV1 H7ER-NV1-B 7-segment LCD with backlight H7ER-NV-H H7ER-NV-BH H7ER-NV1-H H7ER-NV1-BH Item H7ER-NV1-_/H7ER-NV1-_H H7ER-NV-_/H7ER-NV-_H H7ER-N-_ Operating mode Up type Mounting method Flush mounting External connections Screw terminals, wire-wrap terminals Display 7-segment LCD with or without backlight, zero suppression (character height: 8.6 mm) Number of digits 5 4 Max. revolutions displayed 1,000.0 s-1 (when encoder resolution of 10 pulse/rev is used) 1,000.0 min-1 (when encoder resolution of 600 pulse/rev is used) <-> 10,000 min-1 (when encoder resolution of 60 pulse/rev is used) (switchable with switch) 1,000 s-1 (when encoder resolution of 1 pulse/rev is used) 1,000 min-1 (when encoder resolution of 60 pulse/rev is used) Attachment Waterproof packing, flush mounting bracket, revolution unit labels Supply voltage Backlight model: 24 VDC (0.3 W max.) (for backlight lit) No-backlight model: Not required (powered by built-in battery) Not required (powered by built-in battery) Count input High (logic) level: 4.5 to 30 VDC Low (logic) level: 0 to 2 VDC (Input impedance: Approx. 4.7 k) No voltage input Maximum short-circuit impedance: 10 k max. Short-circuit residual voltage: 0.5 V max. Minimum open impedance: 750 k min. Max. counting speed 10 kHz 1 kHz Minimum signal width 10 kHz: 0.05 ms, 1 kHz: 0.5 ms Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing), storage: -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Degree of protection Front-panel: IP66, NEMA4 with waterproof packing, terminal block: IP20 Battery life (reference) 7 years min. with continuous input at 25°C (lithium battery) Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x53.5 445 22 Counters H8GN Pre-set counters World’s smallest compact preset counter/timer The H8GN is a 1/32 DIN timer and counter in one. It is simple to switch between the timer and counter functions. During operation it is also possible to switch the display to monitor the totalising count value in 8 digits. Many sophisticated functions come as standard with H8GN. • Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x83, 1/32 DIN size housing • 8 digit display, 4 value and 4 set value • Front mounting • -999 to 9999 • 24 VDC Ordering information Specifications Functions Supply voltage Output Order code Communications Counter Timer No communications RS-485 Counter: Up/down/reversible, 4 digits, N, F, C or K output modes Total counter: 8 digits A: ON-delay B: Flicker D: Signal OFF-delay E: Interval F: Accumulative Z: ON/OFF-duty adjustable flicker 24 VDC Contact output (SPDT) H8GN-AD H8GN-AD-FLK Rated supply voltage 24 VDC Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of rated supply voltage Power consumption 1.5 W max. (for max. DC load) (inrush current: 15 A max.) Mounting method Flush-mounting External connections Screw terminals (M3 screws) Terminal screw tightening torque 0.5 Nm max. Attachment Waterproof packing, flush-mounting bracket Display 7-segment, negative transmissive LCD; time display (h, min, s); CMW, OUT, RST, TOTAL Present value (red, 7 mm high characters); set value (green, 3.4 mm high characters) Digits PV: 4 digits, SV: 4 digits, when total count value is displayed: 8 digits (zeros suppressed) Memory backup EEPROM (non-volatile memory) (number of writes: 100,000 times) Counter Maximum counting speed 30 Hz or 5 kHz Counting range -999 to 9,999 Input modes Increment, decrement, individual, quadrature inputs Timer Timer modes Elapsed time (up), remaining time (down) Inputs Input signals For counter: CP1, CP2, and reset For timer: Start, gate, and reset Input method No-voltage input (contact short-circuit and open input) Short-circuit (ON) impedance: 1 k max. (approx. 2 mA runoff current at 0 ) Short-circuit (ON) residual voltage: 2 VDC max. Open (OFF) impedance: 100 k min. Applied voltage: 30 VDC max. Start, reset, gate Minimum input signal width: 1 or 20 ms (selectable) Power reset Minimum power-opening time: 0.5 s Control output SPDT contact output: 3 A at 250 VAC/30 VDC, resistive load (cos = 1) Minimum applied load 10 mA at 5 VDC (failure level: P, reference value) Reset system External, manual, and power supply resets (for timer in A, B, D, E, or Z modes) Sensor waiting time 260 ms max. (inputs cannot be received during sensor wait time if control outputs are turned OFF) Timer function Accuracy of operating time and setting error (including temperature and voltage effects) Signal start: ±0.03% ±30 ms max. Power-ON start: ±0.03% ±50 ms max. Ambient temperature Operating storage -10 to 55°C (with no icing or condensation) -25 to 65°C (with no icing or condensation) Case colour Rear section: Grey smoke; front section: N1.5 (black) Degree of protection Panel surface: IP66 and NEMA Type 4X (indoors); rear case: IP20, terminal block: IP20 Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x83 446 H7CX Pre-set counters The most complete digital standard counter on the market H7CX offers you the most complete series of products on the market today. Based on extensive customer research, these new counters have been designed with value added features that users both need and appreciate. • Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x48x59 to 78mm 1/16 DIN size housing • Three colour display value, red, green or orange • Twin counter mode • 6 digit model -99,999 to 999,999, set value -99,999 to 999,999 or 0 to 999,999 • Input contact, NPN or PNP Ordering information Accessories Specifications Type External connection Sensor power supply Supply voltage Output type Digits Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code 1-stage counter 1-stage counter with total counter 2-stage counter 1-stage counter with batch counter Dual counter (addition/subtraction) Tachometer Twin counter Screw terminal 12 VDC 100 to 240 VAC Contact and transistor output 6 48x48x84 H7CX-AU-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H7CX-AUD1-N Transistor output (2x) H7CX-AUSD1-N 100 to 240 VAC Contact output (2x) H7CX-AW-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H7CX-AWD1-N 1-stage counter 1-stage counter with total counter 11-pin socket 12 VDC 100 to 240 VAC Contact output 48x48x69.7 H7CX-A11-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H7CX-A11D1-N 100 to 240 VAC Transistor output H7CX-A11S-N 12 to 24 VDC/24 VAC H7CX-A11SD1-N Screw terminal 100 to 240 VAC Contact output 48x48x84 H7CX-A-N 100 to 240 VAC Transistor output H7CX-AS-N Name Order code Flush-mounting adapter Y92F-30 Waterproof packing Y92S-29 DIN-rail mounting/front-connecting socket 11-pin, finger safe type P2CF-11-E Back-connecting socket 11-pin P3GA-11 Finger safe terminal cover for P3GA-11 Y92A-48G Hard cover Y92A-48 Soft cover Y92A-48F1 Front panels (4-digit models) Light gray Y92P-CXC4G White Y92P-CXC4S Front panels (6-digit models) Light gray Y92P-CXC6G White Y92P-CXC6S Display 7-segment, negative transmissive LCD Digits 6-digits: -99,999 to 999,999, SV range: -99999 to 999999 or 0 to 999999 Max. counting speed 30 Hz or 5 kHz (selectable, ON/OFF ratio 1:1) Input modes Increment, decrement, increment/decrement (UP/DOWN A (command input), UP/DOWN B (individual inputs), or UP/DOWN C (quadrature inputs)) Control output Contact output: 3 A at 250 VAC/30 VDC, resistive load (cos= 1) Minimum applied load: 10 mA at 5 VDC Transistor output:NPN open collector, 100 mA at 30 VDC Residual voltage: 1.5 VDC max. (approx. 1V) Leakage current: 0.1 mA max. Key protection Yes Decimal point adjustment Yes (rightmost 3 digits) Sensor waiting time 290 ms max. Memory backup EEPROM (overwrites: 100,000 times min.) stores data 10 years min. Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (-10 to 50°C when mounted side by side) Case colour Black (N1.5) (Optional Front Panels are available to change the Front Panel colour to light gray or white.) Life expectancy Mechanical: 10,000,000 operations min. Electrical: 100,000 operations min. (3 A at 250 VAC, resistive load) Degree of protection Panel surface: IP66, NEMA 4 (indoors), and UL Type 4X (indoors) 447 22 Counters H8PS Cam positioners Compact, easy-to-use cam positioner The H8PS provides high speed operation at 1,600 r/min and high-precision settings to 0.5° ensuring widespread application. H8PS features a highly visible display with back-lit negative transmissive LCD. Advance angle compensation function compensates for output delays. • 96 to 121.2Hx96Wx60.6 to 67.5D mm • Front-panel / DIN-rail • 24 VDC • 8-, 16- and 32-outputs • NPN/PNP 100 mA at 30 VDC Ordering information Encoders Accessories Encoder accessories Specifications Number of outputs Mounting method Output configuration Bank function Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code 8-outputs Flush-mounting NPN transistor output No 96x96x67.5 H8PS-8B PNP transistor output H8PS-8BP Front-mounting/DIN-rail mounting NPN transistor output 96x96x60.6 H8PS-8BF PNP transistor output H8PS-8BFP 16-outputs Flush-mounting NPN transistor output Yes 96x96x67.5 H8PS-16B PNP transistor output H8PS-16BP Front-mounting/DIN-rail mounting NPN transistor output 121.2x96x60.6 H8PS-16BF PNP transistor output H8PS-16BFP 32-outputs Flush-mounting NPN transistor output 96x96x67.5 H8PS-32B PNP transistor output H8PS-32BP Front-mounting/DIN-rail mounting NPN transistor output 121.2x96x60.6 H8PS-32BF PNP transistor output H8PS-32BFP Type Resolution Cable length Order code Economy 256 2 m E6CP-AG5C-C 256 2M Standard 256 1 m E6C3-AG5C-C 256 1M 2 m E6C3-AG5C-C 256 2M 360 E6C3-AG5C-C 360 2M 720 E6C3-AG5C-C 720 2M Rigid 256 2 m E6F-AG5C-C 256 2M 360 E6F-AG5C-C 360 2M 720 E6F-AG5C-C 720 2M Name Specification Order code Discrete wire output cable 2 m Y92S-41-200 Connector-type output cable 2 m E5ZE-CBL200 Support software CD-ROM H8PS-SOFT-V1 USB cable A miniB, 2 m Y92S-40 Parallel input adapter Two units can operate in parallel Y92C-30 Protective cover Y92A-96B Watertight cover Y92A-96N DIN-rail mounting base Y92F-91 Name Specification Order code Shaft coupling for the E6CP Axis: 6 mm dia. E69-C06B Shaft coupling for the E6C3 Axis: 8 mm dia. E69-C08B Shaft coupling for the E6F Axis: 10 mm dia. E69-C10B Extension cable 5 m (same for E6CP, E6C3, and E6F) E69-DF5 Rated supply voltage 24 VDC Inputs Encoder input 8-output models: None; 16-/32-output models: Bank inputs 1/2/4, origin input, start input External inputs Input signals 8-output models: None; 16-/32-output models: Bank inputs 1/2/4, origin input, start input Input type No voltage inputs: ON impedance: 1 k max. (leakage current: Approx. 2 mA at 0 ) ON residual voltage: 2 V max., OFF impedance: 100 k min., applied voltage: 30 VDC max. Minimum input signal width: 20 ms Number of banks 8 banks (for 16-/32-output models only) Display method 7-segment, negative transmissive LCD (main display: 11 mm (red), sub-display: 5.5 mm (green)) Memory backup method EEPROM (overwrites: 100,000 times min.) that can store data for 10 years min. Ambient operating temperature -10 to 55°C (with no icing or condensation) Storage temperature -25 to 65°C (with no icing or condensation) Ambient humidity 25 to 85% Degree of protection Panel surface: IP40, rear case: IP20 Case colour Light grey (Munsell 5Y7/1) ZEN-10C2 10 (6 I, 4 O) expandable up to 34 I/O ZEN-20C2 How many I/O points? LED type 20 (12 I, 8 O) expandable up to 44 I/O FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION EXPANDED Our range is extended with a communication model. Now you have the possibility to connect several ZEN in a network environment. This will enhance the ZEN series to solve even more applications. • RS-485 communication • To connect up to 32 units • Easy CompoWayF protocol ZEN-C4 – More flexibility with RS-485 communication 448 Page 452 Page 453 Programmable relays ZEN-10C1 What functionality is required? ZEN-20C1 ZEN-10C3 ZEN-20C3 ZEN-10C4 ZEN-8E 10 (6 I, 4 O) expandable up to 34 I/O 20 (12 I, 8 O) expandable up to 44 I/O 10 (6 I, 4 O) fixed I/O 20 (12 I, 8 O) fixed I/O 10 (6 I, 4 O) expandable up to 33 I/O with communication How many I/O points? Display type with buttons, calendar and clock Expansion unit 8 I/O (4 I, 4 O) How many extra I/O points? 449 23 Programmable relays Page 452 Page 453 Page 452 Page 453 Page 452 Page 454 450 Programmable relays 451 23 Programmable relays Model ZEN-10C ZEN-20C Type CPU unit CPU unit Features C1 With LCD Display, program/control buttons, calendar and real-time clock With LCD display, program/control buttons, calendar and real-time clock Features C2 With LED indication Logic control Programming by software With LED indication Logic control Programming by software Features C3 Same as C1 but not expandable. Same as C1 but not expandable. Features C4 Same as C1 but instead of one output relay you get RS-485 communication. – Features Starter kits Complete set with C1 CPU including software, cable and manual – Number of I / O points 10 expandable up to 34 I/O (C4 up to 33 I/O) 20 expandable up to 44 I/O Inputs 6 12 Inputs/power supply 100 to 240 VAC or 12 to 24 VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 12 to 24 VDC Outputs 4 relays (C4 = 3 relays) or 4 transistors 8 relays or 8 transistors Page 452 453 – No/not available Selection table 452 ZEN-10C Programmable relays Flexible automation The ZEN-10C offers simple logic control in a choice of four CPU units. Expansion is possible on three of these CPU's of up to 34 I/O whereas the fourth (C3 Units) is fixed at 10 I/O. All DC models have analogue input and a high-speed counter input up to 150 Hz. • DC input/supply units have analogue input + high speed counter • The ZEN-10C4 has RS-485 communication • Expansion available with relay output or transistor output • ZEN-Kits the best choice to start! Ordering information Specifications Accessories Name Number of I/O points Inputs (I)/ power supply Outputs (Q) Type LCD, buttons (B), calendar and clock Analogue input/ comparators (A) 8-digit counter (F)/ comparators (G) No. of bits 16 No. of bits 8 Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code CPU units 10 Expandable up to 34 I/O 6 100 to 240 VAC 4 Relays LCD yes – – Work bits (M) Holding bits (H) Timers (T) Counters (C) Weekly timers (@) LCD display (D) Timer/counter comparator (P) Holding timers (#) Button input (B) 90x70x56 ZEN-10C1AR-A-V2 LED – – – ZEN-10C2AR-A-V2 12 to 24 VDC LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C1DR-D-V2 LED – yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C2DR-D-V2 Transistors LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C1DT-D-V2 LED – yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C2DT-D-V2 Fixed I/O 100 to 240 VAC Relays LCD yes – yes / 4 ZEN-10C3AR-A-V2 12 to 24 VDC LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C3DR-D-V2 10 Expandable up to 33 I/O 100 to 240 VAC 3 LCD/ Comm. yes – yes / 4 ZEN-10C4AR-A-V2 12 to 24 VDC yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-10C4DR-D-V2 ZEN kit Set containing CPU unit (ZEN-10C1AR-A-V2), connecting cable, ZEN support software and manual. ZEN-KIT01-EV4 Set containing CPU unit (ZEN-10C1DR-D-V2), connecting cable, ZEN support software and manual. ZEN-KIT02-EV4 Item Specifications ZEN-10C_AR-A-V2 ZEN-10C_D_-D-V2 Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 12 to 24 VDC (DC ripple rate: 5%) Rated power supply voltage 85 to 264 VAC 10.8 to 28.8 VDC Power consumption 9 VA max. 4 W max. Inrush current 3 A max. 30 A max. Ambient temperature 0°C to 55°C (-25°C to 55°C for ZEN-10C2 models (LED)) Ambient storage -20°C to 55°C (-40°C to 75°C for ZEN-10C2 models (LED)) Control method Stored program control I/O control method Cyclic scan Programming language Ladder diagram Program capacity 96 lines (3 input conditions and 1 output per line) LCD display 12 characters x 4 lines, with backlight (LCD-type CPU unit only) Operation keys 8 (4 cursor keys and 4 operation keys) (LCD-type CPU unit only) Super-capacitor holding time 2 days min. (25°C) Battery life (ZEN-BAT01) 10 years min. (25°C) Calendar & Clock function Accuracy: ± 15 s/month (at 25°C) Name Description Order code Memory Cassette EEPROM (for data security and copying) ZEN-ME01 Battery unit Battery (keeps time, date and bit values for 10 years at 25°C) ZEN-BAT01 Connecting Cable For the programming software, RS-232C cable, 9-way `D' connector for PC ZEN-CIF01 USB-Serial conversion cable USB-Serial conversion cable (to be used in combination with ZEN-CIF01) CS1W-CIF31 ZEN support software Runs on Windows ME, 2000, XP, NT4.0 Service Pack 3, Vista ZEN-SOFT01-V4 453 23 Programmable relays ZEN-20C Programmable relays Extended flexible automation Ideal for small-scale control applications, the ZEN-20C provides an economical alternative to discrete timers, counters and general purpose relays. With 12 Inputs and 8 relay or transistor Outputs, and expansion possibilities of up to 44 I/O on C1 and C2 models, the ZEN-20C offers extended flexibility, with features such as calendar and real time clock functionality. • ZEN-20C1/C2 expandable up to 44 I/Os • ZEN DC units have analogue input 0-10 VDC • DC models have as well high speed counter 150 Hz • Expansion available with relay output or transistor output Ordering information Specifications Accessories Name Number of I/O points Inputs (I)/ power supply Outputs (Q) Type LCD, buttons (B), calendar and clock Analogue input/ comparators (A) 8-digit counter (F)/ comparators (G) No. of bits 16 No. of bits 8 Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code CPU units 20 12 100 to 240 VAC 8 Relays LCD yes – – Work bits (M) Holding bits (H) Timers (T) Counters (C) Weekly timers (@) LCD display (D) Timer/counter comparator (P) Holding timers (#) Button input (B) 90x122.5 x56 ZEN-20C1AR-A-V2 Expandable up to 44 I/O LED – – – ZEN-20C2AR-A-V2 12 to 24 VDC LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-20C1DR-D-V2 LED – yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-20C1DR-D-V2 Transistors LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-20C1DT-D-V2 LED – yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-20C2DT-D-V2 Fixed I/O 100 to 240 VAC Relays LCD yes – yes / 4 ZEN-20C3AR-A-V2 12 to 24 VDC LCD yes yes / 4 yes / 4 ZEN-20C3DR-D-V2 Item Specifications ZEN-20C_AR-A-V2 ZEN-20C_D_-D-V2 Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 12 to 24 VDC (DC ripple rate: 5%) Rated power supply voltage 85 to 264 VAC 10.8 to 28.8 VDC Power consumption 11 VA max. 5 W max. Inrush current 4 A max. 30 A max. Ambient temperature 0°C to 55°C (-25°C to 55°C for ZEN-20C2 models (LED)) Ambient storage -20°C to 55°C (-40°C to 75°C for ZEN-20C2 models (LED)) Control method Stored program control I/O control method Cyclic scan Programming language Ladder diagram Program capacity 96 lines (3 input conditions and 1 output per line) LCD display 12 characters x 4 lines, with backlight (LCD-type CPU unit only) Operation keys 8 (4 cursor keys and 4 operation keys) (LCD-type CPU unit only) Super-capacitor holding time 2 days min. (25°C) Battery life (ZEN-BAT01) 10 years min. (25°C) Calendar & Clock function Accuracy: ± 15 s/month (at 25°C) if applicable Name Description Order code Memory Cassette EEPROM (for data security and copying) ZEN-ME01 Battery unit Battery (keeps time, date and bit values for 10 years at 25°C) ZEN-BAT01 Connecting Cable For the programming software, RS-232C cable, 9-way `D' connector for PC ZEN-CIF01 USB-Serial conversion cable USB-Serial conversion cable (to be used in combination with ZEN-CIF01) CS1W-CIF31 ZEN support software Runs on Windows ME, 2000, XP, NT4.0 Service Pack 3, Vista ZEN-SOFT01-V4 454 ZEN-8E Programmable relays ZEN Expansion units To enlarge your ZEN application we provide three different expansion units in only 35 mm width ZEN housing. All expansion units have standard 4 inputs and 4 outputs. You can add maximum 3 expansion units to one CPU. • 4 inputs, 100 to 240VAC or 12 to 24VDC • 4 outputs, either relays or transistors (only DC models) • DIN-rail mounting • Size in mm (HxWxD): 90x35x56 Ordering information Specifications Name Number of I/O points Inputs (X)/ power supply Outputs (Y) Size in mm (HxWxD) Order code Expansion I/O units 8 4 100 to 240 VAC 4 Relays 90x35x56 ZEN-8E1AR 12 to 24 VDC ZEN-8E1DR Transistors ZEN-8E1DT Item Specifications ZEN-8E1AR ZEN-8E1D_ Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 12 to 24 VDC (DC ripple rate: 5% max.) Rated power supply voltage 85 to 264 VAC 10.8 to 28.8 VDC Power consumption 4 VA max. 2 W max. Inrush current 1.5 A max. 15 A max. Ambient temperature 0°C to 55°C (-25°C to 55°C for ZEN-10C2 models (LED)) Ambient storage -20°C to 55°C (-40°C to 75°C for ZEN-10C2 models (LED)) 455 23 Programmable relays ZEN-PA Programmable relays ZEN Power Supply The ZEN Power Supply has the same compact housing as our 10 I/O CPU units. With a current/wattage output of 1.3 A/30 W it covers enough power to supply the DC ZEN itself and the eventually used sensors. If needed parallel operation is possible. • Output voltage 24 VDC • Output current 1.3 A • Capacity 30 W • Allows parallel operation • Size in mm (HxWxD): 90x70x56 Ordering information Specifications Power rating Inputs voltage Output current Order code 30 W 100 to 240 VAC 1.3 A ZEN-PA03024 Item Specifications Power rating 30 W Efficiency 80% min. (24 V) Input voltage 100 to 240 VAC (85 to 264 VAC), single-phase Output voltage Voltage adjustment ±10% to ±15% (with V. ADJ) min. of rate output voltage Ripple 2% (p-p) max. (-25°C to -10°C: 4% max.) Input variation 0.5% max. Temperature 0.05% / °C max. Overload protection 105% to 135% of rated load current, inverted L drop, intermittent Overvoltage protection yes Input Current 100 V 0.8 A max. 200 V 0.45 A max. Output indicator yes (green) Weight 240 g max. Operating temperature -10°C to 60°C Parallel operation yes (2 units max.) Which size is required? K3GN K3MA-J K3MA-L K3MA-F Which application is required? Process Temperature Frequency/ rate Process/ frequency/ rate General purpose 48x24 mm (1/32 DIN) LOOKING FOR PERFECT MEASURING & READ-OUT? With our K3HB series we cover a wide range of applications. One of them is the weighing indicator which performs perfect measurement in any weighing application. The instrument can be equipped with a load-cell power supply of 10 V/100 mA. Several option boards for communication, contact output boards or event inputs are also available. On top of these you can get direct DeviceNet communication. • High speed sampling 20 ms • Equipped with position meter • Two colour display for easy recognition K3HB-V – For perfect weighing 456 Page 460 Page 461 Page 461 Page 461 Digital panel indicators Which application is required? K3HB-X Process K3HB-H Temperature Advanced K3HB-V Weighing 96x48 mm (1/8 DIN) K3HB-S Linear sensor K3HB-R Rotary pulse K3HB-P Time interval K3HB-C Up/down counting pulse 457 24 Digital panel indicators Page 462 Page 462 Page 462 Page 462 Page 464 Page 464 Page 464 458 Selection table Category Multifunctional digital panel indicator Process indicator Temperature indicator Frequency/rate indicator Process indicator Selection criteria Model K3GN K3MA-J K3MA-L K3MA-F K3HB-X Size 1/32 DIN 1/8 DIN Features Colour change display      Number of digits 5 5 4 5 5 Leading zero suppression      Forced zero function      Min./max. hold function      Average processing      User selectable inputs      Start-up compensating time  – –  – Key protection      Decimal point position setting      Accuracy ±0.1% of full scale ±0.1% of full scale ±0.1% of full scale ±0.1% of full scale ±0.1% of full scale (DC voltage & DC current), ±0.5% of full scale (AC voltage & AC current) Input range 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 5 V, 1 to 5 V, -5 to 5 V, -10 to 10 V or 0 to 30 Hz or 0 to 5 kHz 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 5 V, 1 to 5 V, -5 to 5 V, -10 to 10 V Pt100, JPt100 or thermocouple K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B 0 to 30 Hz or 0 to 5 kHz 0.000 to 10.000 A, 0.0000 to 19.999 mA, -199.99 to 199.99 mA, 4.000 to 20.000 mA, 0.0 to 400.0 V, 0.0000 to 1.999 V, -199.99 to 199.99 V, 1.0000 to 5.0000 V Sample rate 250 ms 250 ms 500 ms – 20 ms Features Remote/local processing, parameter initialisation, programmable output configuration, process value hold Teaching, comparative output pattern selection, parameter initialisation, programmable output configuration, process value hold Programmable output configuration, process value hold Teaching, comparative output pattern selection, programmable output configuration, process value hold Scaling, teaching, averaging, output hysteresis, output OFF-delay, output test, bank selection, reset, comparative output Sensor power supply – – –   Front protection IP rating IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 Supply voltage 24 VDC 24 VAC/VDC or 100 to 240 VAC 24 VAC/VDC or 100 to 240 VAC 24 VAC/VDC or 100 to 240 VAC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC Inputs NPN  –    PNP  –    Temperature – – – – – Contact – – –  – Voltage pulse – – –  – Load cell – – – – – DC voltage    –  DC current   – –  AC voltage – – – –  AC current – – – –  Outputs Relay      NPN  – – –  PNP  – – –  Linear – – – –  BCD – – – – – Comms  – – –  Page 460 461 462 Digital panel indicators 459 24 Digital panel indicators Temperature indicator Weighing indicator Linear sensor indicator Up/down counting pulse indicator Time interval indicator Rotary pulse indicator K3HB-H K3HB-V K3HB-S K3HB-C K3HB-P K3HB-R 1/8 DIN – –       5 5 5 5 5 5                               – – – – –              Thermocouple: ±0.3% of full scale, Pt-100: ±0.2% of full scale ±0.1% of full scale One input: ±0.1% of full scale, two inputs: ±0.2% of full scale ±0.08% rgd ±1 digit ±0.006% rgd ±1 digit ±0.02% rgd ±1 digit Pt100, thermocouple K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W 0.00 to 199.99 mV, 0.000 to 19.999 mV, 100.00 mV, 199.99 mV 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA, 0 to 5 V, -5 to 5 V, -10 to 10 V No voltage contact: 30 Hz, voltage pulse: 50 kHz, open collector: 50 kHz No voltage contact: 30 Hz, voltage pulse: 50 kHz, open collector: 50 kHz No voltage contact: 30 Hz, voltage pulse: 50 kHz, open collector: 50 kHz 20 ms 20 ms 0.5 ms – – – Scaling, teaching, averaging, output hysteresis, output OFF-delay, output test, bank selection, reset, comparative output Scaling, teaching, averaging, output hysteresis, output OFF-delay, output test, bank selection, reset, comparative output Scaling, 2-input calculation, teaching, averaging, output hysteresis, output OFFdelay, output test, bank selection, reset, comparative output Scaling, measurement operation selection, output hysteresis, output OFFdelay, output test, display value selection, display colour selection, key protection, bank selection, display refresh period, maximum/minimum hold, reset Scaling, measurement operation selection, output hysteresis, output OFFdelay, output test, teaching, display value selection, display colour selection, key protection, bank selection, display refresh period, maximum/minimum hold, reset Scaling, measurement operation selection, averaging, previous average value comparison, output hysteresis, output OFF-delay, output test, teaching, display value selection, display colour selection, key protection, bank selection, display refresh period, maximum /minimum hold, reset       IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 IP66 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC              – – – – – – – – – – – – – –    –  – – – – – –  – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –                         – – –          462 464  Standard  Available – No/not available 460 K3GN 1/32 DIN multi-function Compact and intelligent digital panel meter The K3GN is able to cover a wide variety of applications with its 3 main functions: process meter, RPM processor/tachometer and digital data display for PC/PLC. Configuration is easy and the design is advanced and compact. • Process indicator DC voltage/current • RPM process/tachometer • Digital data display for PC/PLC • Very compact 1/32 DIN housing: Size in mm (HxWxD): 24x48x83mm • 5-digit display with programmable display colour, in red or green Ordering information Specifications Input type Supply voltage Output Order code No communications RS-485 DC voltage/current, NPN 24 VDC Dual relays (SPST-NO) K3GN-NDC 24 DC K3GN-NDC-FLK 24 DC Three NPN open collector K3GN-NDT1 24 DC K3GN-NDT1-FLK 24 DC DC voltage/current, PNP Dual relays (SPST-NO) K3GN-PDC 24 DC K3GN-PDC-FLK 24 DC Three PNP open collector K3GN-PDT2 24 DC K3GN-PDT2-FLK 24 DC Supply voltage 24 VDC Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of the rated supply voltage Power consumption 2.5 W max. (at max. DC load with all indicators lit) Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing) Storage: -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Display refresh period Sampling period (sampling times multiplied by number of averaging times if average processing is selected) Max. displayed digits 5 digits (-19999 to 99999) Display 7-segment digital display, character height: 7.0 mm Polarity display “-” is displayed automatically with a negative input signal Zero display Leading zeros are not displayed Scaling function Programmable with front-panel key inputs (range of display: -19999 to 99999). The decimal point position can be set as desired. External controls HOLD: (measurement value held) ZERO: (forced-zero) Hysteresis setting Programmable with front-panel key inputs (0001 to 9999) Other functions Programmable colour display Selectable output operating action Teaching set values Average processing (simple average) Lockout configuration Communications writing control (communications output models only) Output Relays: 2 SPST-NO Transistors: 3 NPN open collector 3 PNP open collector Combinations: Communications output (RS-485) + relay outputs Communications output (RS-485) + transistor outputs Communications output (RS-485) + transistor outputs (3 PNP open collector) Communications Communications function: RS-485 Delay in comparative outputs (transistor outputs) 750 ms max. Degree of protection Front-panel: NEMA4X for indoor use (equivalent to IP66) Rear case: IEC standard IP20 Terminals: IEC standard IP20 Memory protection Non-volatile memory (EEPROM) (possible to rewrite 100,000 times) Size in mm (HxWxD) 24x48x80 461 24 Digital panel indicators K3MA-J, -L, -F 1/8 DIN standard indicators Highly visible LCD display with 2 colour (red and green) LEDs The K3MA series comes with a process meter, a frequency/rate meter and a temperature meter of either 100 to 240 VAC or 24 VAC/VDC. All are equipped with the same quality display and have the same short depth of 80 mm. • 1/8 DIN size housing • Highly visible, negative transmissive backlit LCD display • 14.2 mm high characters • 5 digits (-19,999 to 99,999), K3MA-L: 4 digits • Front-panel IP66 Ordering information Accessories Specifications Indicator Supply voltage Input type & ranges Output Order code Process meter 100 to 240 VAC DC voltage: 0 to 5 V, 1 to 5 V, -5 to 5 V, -10 to 10 V DC current: 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA 2 relay contact outputs (SPST-NO) K3MA-J-A2 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC 2 relay contact outputs (SPST-NO) K3MA-J-A2 24VAC/VDC Temperature meter 100 to 240 VAC Platinum-resistance thermometer: Pt100, JPt100 or thermocouple K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B 1 relay contact output (SPDT) K3MA-L-C 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC 1 relay contact output (SPDT) K3MA-L-C 24VAC/VDC Frequency/rate meter 100 to 240 VAC Rotary pulse: No voltage: 0.05 to 30.00 Hz; open collector: 0.1 to 5000.0 Hz 2 relay contact outputs (SPST-NO) K3MA-F-A2 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC 2 relay contact outputs (SPST-NO) K3MA-F-A2 24VAC/VDC Type Order code Splash-proof soft cover K32-49SC Hard cover K32-49HC Item 100-240 VAC models 24 VAC/VDC models Supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC 24 VAC (50/60 Hz), 24 VDC Operating voltage range 85 to 110% of the rated supply voltage Power consumption (under maximum load) 6 VA max. 4.5 VA max. (24 VAC) 4.5 W max. (24 VDC) Ambient temperature Operating: -10 to 55°C (with no condensation or icing) Storage: -25 to 65°C (with no condensation or icing) Weight Approx. 200 g Display 7-segment digital display, character height: 14.2 mm Polarity display "-" is displayed automatically with a negative input signal Zero display Leading zeros are not displayed Hold function Max. hold (maximum value), min. hold (minimum value) Hysteresis setting Programmable with front-panel key inputs (0001 to 9,999) Delay in comparative outputs 1 s max. Degree of protection Front-panel: NEMA4X for indoor use (equivalent to IP66) Rear case: IEC standard IP20 Terminals: IEC standard IP00 + finger protection (VDE 0106/100) Memory protection Non-volatile memory (EEPROM) (possible to rewrite 100,000 times) Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x96x80 462 K3HB-X, -H, -V, -S 1/8 DIN advanced indicators - analogue input Process, temperature, weighing and linear sensor indicators These indicators with analogue input feature a clear and easy-to-use colour change display. All models are equipped with an IP66 housing. K3HB series is high speed, with a sample rate of 50 Hz, and even 2,000 Hz for K3HB-S • Position meter indication for easy monitoring • Optional DeviceNet, RS-232C, RS-485 • Double display, with 5 digits, in two colours • 1/8 DIN size housing Ordering information Option boards Sensor power supply/output boards Relay/transistor output boards Event input boards *1 CPA/CPB can be combined with relay outputs only. *2 Only one of the following can be used by each digital indicator: RS-232C/RS-485 communications, a linear output, or DeviceNet communications. K3HB has got three slots for option boards: Slot B, slot C and slot D. Accessories Type of indicator Input sensor type and range Supply voltage Order code Process indicator K3HB-X AC current input, from 0.000 to 10.000 A, 0.0000 to 19.999 mA 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-XAA 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-XAA 24VAC/VDC DC current input, from ±199.99 mA, to 4.000 to 20.000 mA 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-XAD 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-XAD 24VAC/VDC AC voltage input, from 0.0 to 400.0 V to 0.0000 to 1.999 V 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-XVA 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-XVA 24VAC/VDC DC voltage input, from ±199.99 V to 1.0000 to 5.0000 V 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-XVD 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-XVD 24VAC/VDC Temperature indicator K3HB-H Temperature input Pt100, thermocouple K, J, T, E, L, U, N, R, S, B, W 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-HTA 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-HTA 24VAC/VDC Weighing indicator K3HB-V Load cell input (DC low voltage input), 0.00 to 199.99 mV, 0.000 to 19.999 mV, 100.00 mV, 199.999 mV 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-VLC 100-240 VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-VLC 24VAC/VDC Linear sensor indicator K3HB-S DC process input, 0 to 5 V, 1 to 5 V, -5 to 5 V, -10 to 10 V, 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 mA 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-SSD AC/DC24 100 to 240 VAC K3HB-SSD AC100-240 Slot Output Sensor power supply Communications Applicable indicator types Order code B Relay PASS: SPDT 12 VDC ±10%, 80 mA – K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-CPA *1 Linear current DC0(4) - 20 mA – K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-L1 A *2 Linear voltage DC0(1) - 5 V, 0 to 10 V – K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-L2A *2 – – – K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-A *2 – – RS-232C K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-FLK1 A *2 – – RS-485 K3HB-X, -H, -S K33-FLK3A *2 Relay PASS: SPDT 10 VDC ±5%, 100 mA – K3HB-V K33-CPB *1 Linear current DC0(4) - 20 mA – K3HB-V K33-L1B *2 Linear voltage DC0(1) - 5 V, 0 to 10 V – K3HB-V K33-L2B *2 – – – K3HB-V K33-B *2 – – RS-232C K3HB-V K33-FLK1B *2 – – RS-485 K3HB-V K33-FLK3B *2 Slot Output Communications Order code C Relay H/L: SPDT each – K34-C1 HH/H/LL/L: SPST-NO each – K34-C2 Transistor NPN open collector: HH/H/PASS/L/LL – K34-T1 PNP open collector: HH/H/PASS/L/LL – K34-T2 – – DeviceNet K34-DRT *2 Slot Input type Number of points Communications Order code D NPN open collector 5 M3 terminal blocks K35-1 8 10-pin MIL connector K35-2 PNP open collector 5 M3 terminal blocks K35-3 8 10-pin MIL connector K35-4 Type Order code Special cable (for event inputs with 8-pin connector) K32-DICN K3HB-X, -H, -V, -S 1/8 DIN advanced indicators - analogue input 463 24 Digital panel indicators Specifications Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC (50/60 Hz), 24 VAC/VDC, DeviceNet power supply: 24 VDC Allowable power supply voltage range 85 to 110% of the rated power supply voltage, DeviceNet power supply: 11 to 25 VDC Power consumption 100 to 240 V: 18 VA max. (max. load), 24 VAC/DC: 11 VA/7 W max. (max. load) Display method Negative LCD (backlit LED) display 7-segment digital display (character height: PV: 14.2 mm (green/red); SV: 4.9 mm (green)) Ambient operating temperature -10 to 55°C (with no icing or condensation) Display range -19,999 to 99,999 Weight Approx. 300 g (base unit only) Degree of protection Front-panel Conforms to NEMA 4X for indoor use (equivalent to IP66) Rear case IP20 Terminals IP00 + finger protection (VDE0106/100) Memory protection EEPROM (non-volatile memory), number of rewrites: 100,000 Event input ratings Contact ON: 1 k max., OFF: 100 k min. No-contact ON residual voltage: 2 V max., OFF leakage current: 0.1 mA max., load current: 4 mA max. Maximum applied voltage: 30 VDC max. Output ratings Transistor output Maximum load voltage 24 VDC Maximum load current 50 mA Leakage current 100 μA max. Contact output (resistive load) Rated load 5 A at 250 VAC, 5 A at 30 VDC Rated through current 5 A Mechanical life expectancy 5,000,000 operations Electrical life expectancy 100,000 operations Linear output Allowable load impedance 500  max. (mA); 5 k min. (V) Resolution Approx. 10,000 Output error ±0.5% FS Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x96x100 464 K3HB-C, -P, -R 1/8 DIN advanced indicators - digital input Rotary pulse, timer interval and up/down counting pulse indicators These indicators with analogue input feature a clear and easy-to-use colour change display. All models are equipped with an IP66 housing. K3HB-R and -C are highspeed, with a sample rate up to 50 kHz. • Position meter indication for easy monitoring • Optional DeviceNet, RS-232C, RS-485 • Double display, with 5 digits, in two colours • 1/8 DIN size housing Ordering information Option boards Sensor power supply/output boards Relay/transistor output boards Event input boards *1 CPA can be combined with relay outputs only. *2 Only one of the following can be used by each digital indicator: RS-232C/RS-485 communications, a linear output, or DeviceNet communications. K3HB has got three slots for option boards: Slot B, slot C and slot D. Accessories Type of indicator Input ranges Supply voltage Input sensor Order code Rotary pulse indicator K3HB-R No voltage contact: 30 Hz max. Voltage pulse: 50 kHz max. Open collector: 50 kHz max. 100 to 240 VAC NPN input/voltage pulse K3HB-RNB 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-RNB 24VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC PNP input K3HB-RPB 100-240VAC 24 VAC/VDC K3HB-RPB 24VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC NPN K3HB-PNB 100-240VAC 100 to 240 VAC PNP K3HB-PPB 100-240VAC Timer interval indicator K3HB-P 24 VAC/VDC PNP K3HB-PPB 24VAC/VDC 100 to 240 VAC NPN K3HB-CNB 100-240VAC Up/down counting pulse indicator K3HB-C 24 VAC/VDC NPN K3HB-CNB 24VAC/VDC 24 VAC/VDC PNP K3HB-CPB 24VAC/VDC Slot Output Sensor power supply Communications Order code B Relay PASS: SPDT 12 VDC ±10%, 80 mA – K33-CPA *1 Linear current DC0(4) - 20 mA – K33-L1 A *2 Linear voltage DC0(1) - 5 V, 0 to 10 V – K33-L2A *2 – – – K33-A *2 – – RS-232C K33-FLK1 A *2 – – RS-485 K33-FLK3A *2 Slot Output Communications Order code C Relay H/L: SPDT each – K34-C1 HH/H/LL/L: SPST-NO each – K34-C2 Transistor NPN open collector: HH/H/PASS/L/LL – K34-T1 PNP open collector: HH/H/PASS/L/LL – K34-T2 – DeviceNet K34-DRT *2 BCD + transistor NPN open collector: HH/H/PASS/L/LL – K34-BCD Slot Input type Number of points Communications Order code D NPN open collector 5 M3 terminal blocks K35-1 8 10-pin MIL connector K35-2 PNP open collector 5 M3 terminal blocks K35-3 8 10-pin MIL connector K35-4 Type Order code Special cable (for event inputs with 8-pin connector) K32-DICN Special BCD output cable K32-BCD K3HB-C, -P, -R 1/8 DIN advanced indicators - digital input 465 24 Digital panel indicators Specifications Power supply voltage 100 to 240 VAC (50/60 Hz), 24 VAC/VDC, DeviceNet power supply: 24 VDC Allowable power supply voltage range 85 to 110% of the rated power supply voltage, DeviceNet power supply: 11 to 25 VDC Power consumption 100 to 240 V: 18 VA max. (max. load), 24 VAC/DC: 11 VA/7 W max. (max. load) Display method Negative LCD (backlit LED) display 7-segment digital display (character height: PV: 14.2 mm (green/red); SV: 4.9 mm (green)) Ambient operating temperature -10 to 55°C (with no icing or condensation) Display range -19,999 to 99,999 Weight Approx. 300 g (base unit only) Degree of protection Front-panel Conforms to NEMA 4X for indoor use (equivalent to IP66) Rear case IP20 Terminals IP00 + finger protection (VDE0106/100) Memory protection EEPROM (non-volatile memory), number of rewrites: 100,000 Event input ratings Contact ON: 1 k max., OFF: 100 k min. No-contact ON residual voltage: 2 V max., OFF leakage current: 0.1 mA max., load current: 4 mA max. Maximum applied voltage: 30 VDC max. Output ratings Transistor output Maximum load voltage 24 VDC Maximum load current 50 mA Leakage current 100 μA max. Contact output (resistive load) Rated load 5 A at 250 VAC, 5 A at 30 VDC Rated through current 5 A Mechanical life expectancy 5,000,000 operations Electrical life expectancy 100,000 operations Linear output Allowable load impedance 500  max. (mA); 5 k min. (V) Resolution Approx. 10,000 Output error ±0.5% FS Size in mm (HxWxD) 48x96x100  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E PIC18F/LF1XK50 Data Sheet 20-Pin USB Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology DS41350E-page 2 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2010, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-60932-624-1 Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 3 PIC18F/LF1XK50 Universal Serial Bus Features: • USB V2.0 Compliant SIE • Full Speed (12 Mb/s) and Low Speed (1.5 Mb/s) • Supports Control, Interrupt, Isochronous and Bulk Transfers • Supports up to 16 Endpoints (8 bidirectional) • 256-byte Dual Access RAM for USB • Input-change interrupt on D+/D- for detecting physical connection to USB host High Performance RISC CPU: • C Compiler Optimized Architecture: - Optional extended instruction set designed to optimize re-entrant code - 256 bytes, data EEPROM - Up to 16 Kbytes linear program memory addressing - Up to 768 bytes linear data memory addressing • Priority levels for Interrupts • 8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier Flexible Oscillator Structure: • CPU divider to run the core slower than the USB peripheral • 16 MHz Internal Oscillator Block: - Software selectable frequencies, 31 kHz to 16 MHz - Provides a complete range of clock speeds from 31 kHz to 32 MHz when used with PLL - User tunable to compensate for frequency drift • Four Crystal modes, up to 48 MHz • External Clock modes, up to 48 MHz • 4X Phase Lock Loop (PLL) • Secondary oscillator using Timer1 at 32 kHz • Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: - Allows for safe shutdown if primary or secondary oscillator stops • Two-speed Oscillator Start-up Special Microcontroller Features: • Full 5.5V Operation – PIC18F1XK50 • 1.8V-3.6V Operation – PIC18LF1XK50 • Self-programmable under Software Control • Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) - With software enable option • Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT) - Programmable period from 4ms to 131s • Single-supply 3V In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins Extreme Low-Power Management PIC18LF1XK50 with nanoWatt XLP: • Sleep mode: 24 nA • Watchdog Timer: 450 nA • Timer1 Oscillator: 790 nA @ 32 kHz Analog Features: • Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module: - 10-bit resolution, 9 external channels - Auto acquisition capability - Conversion available during Sleep - Internal 1.024V Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) channel - Independent input multiplexing • Dual Analog Comparators - Rail-to-rail operation - Independent input multiplexing • Voltage Reference module: - Programmable (% of VDD), 16 steps - Two 16-level voltage ranges using VREF pins - Programmable Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR), 3 levels • On-chip 3.2V LDO Regulator – (PIC18F1XK50) Peripheral Highlights: • 14 I/O Pins plus 1 Input-only pin: - High-current sink/source 25 mA/25 mA - 7 Programmable weak pull-ups - 7 Programmable Interrupt-on-change pins - 3 programmable external interrupts - Programmable slew rate • Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) module: - One, two, three, or four PWM outputs - Selectable polarity - Programmable dead time - Auto-shutdown and Auto-restart • Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module: - 3-wire SPI (supports all 4 modes) - I2C™ Master and Slave modes (Slave mode address masking) • Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module: - Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN 2.0 - RS-232 operation using internal oscillator - Auto-Baud Detect - Auto-Wake-up on Break • SR Latch mode 20-Pin USB Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt XLP Technology PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 4 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. - Pin Diagrams Pin Diagrams Device Program Memory Data Memory I/O(1) 10-bit A/D (ch)(2) ECCP (PWM) MSSP EUSART Comp. Timers Flash 8/16-bit USB (bytes) # Single-Word Instructions SRAM (bytes) EEPROM (bytes) SPI Master I2C™ PIC18F13K50/ PIC18LF13K50 8K 4096 512(3) 256 15 11 1 Y Y 1 2 1/3 Y PIC18F14K50/ PIC18LF14K50 16K 8192 768(3) 256 15 11 1 Y Y 1 2 1/3 Y Note 1: One pin is input only. 2: Channel count includes internal Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) and Programmable Voltage Reference (CVREF) channels. 3: Includes the dual port RAM used by the USB module which is shared with the data memory. 20-pin PDIP, SSOP, SOIC (300 MIL) 10 2 345 6 1 8 7 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 18 17 VDD RA5/IOCA5/OSC1/CLKIN RA4/AN3/IOCA3/OSC2/CLKOUT RA3/IOCA3/MCLR/VPP RC5/CCP1/P1A/T0CKI RC4/P1B/C12OUT/SRQ RC3/AN7/P1C/C12IN3-/PGM RC6/AN8/SS/T13CKI/T1OSCI RC7/AN9/SDO/T1OSCO RB7/IOCB7/TX/CK VSS RA0/IOCA0/D+/PGD RA1/IOCA1/D-/PGC VUSB RC0/AN4/C12IN+/INT0/VREF+ RC1/AN5/C12IN1-/INT1/VREFRC2/ AN6/P1D/C12IN2-/CVREF/INT2 RB4/AN10/IOCB4/SDI/SDA RB5/AN11/IOCB5/RX/DT RB6/IOCB6/SCK/SCL PIC18F/LF1XK50 20-pin QFN (5x5) 8 9 23 1 14 15 16 10 11 6 12 13 20 19 18 17 7 5 4 PIC18F1XK50/ PIC18LF1XK50 RA3/MCLR/VPP RC5/CCP1/P1A/T0CKI RC4/P1B/C12OUT/SRQ RC3/AN7/P1C/C12IN3-/PGM RC6/AN8/SS/T13CKI/T1OSCI RC7/AN9/SDO/T1OSCO RB7/TX/CK RB4/AN10/SDI/SDA RB5/AN11/RX/DT RB6/SCK/SCL RC2/AN6/P1D/C12IN2-/CVREF/INT2 RC1/AN1/C12IN1-/INT1/VREFRC0/ AN4/C12IN+/INT0/VREF+ VUSB RA1/D-/PGC RA0/D+/PGD Vss VDD RA4/AN3/OSC2/CLKO RA5/OSC1/CLKI  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 5 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 1: PIC18F/LF1XK50 PIN SUMMARY Pin I/O Analog Comparator Reference ECCP EUSART MSSP Timers Interrupts Pull-up USB Basic 19 RA0 IOCA0 D+ PGD 18 RA1 IOCA1 D- PGC 4 RA3(1) IOCA3 Y MCLR/VPP 3 RA4 AN3 IOCA4 Y OSC2/CLKOUT 2 RA5 IOCA5 Y OSC1/CLKIN 13 RB4 AN10 SDI/SDA IOCB4 Y 12 RB5 AN11 RX/DT IOCB5 Y 11 RB6 SCL/SCK IOCB6 Y 10 RB7 TX/CK IOCB7 Y 16 RC0 AN4 C12IN+ VREF+ INT0 15 RC1 AN5 C12IN1- VREF- INT1 14 RC2 AN6 C12IN2- CVREF P1D INT2 7 RC3 AN7 C12IN3- P1C PGM 6 RC4 C12OUT P1B SRQ 5 RC5 CCP1/P1A T0CKI 8 RC6 AN8 SS T13CKI/T1OSCI 9 RC7 AN9 SDO T1OSCO 17 VUSB 1 VDD 20 VSS Note 1: Input only. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 6 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Table of Contents 1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.0 Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)....................................................................................................................... 15 3.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 29 4.0 Flash Program Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 51 5.0 Data EEPROM Memory ............................................................................................................................................................. 61 6.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier............................................................................................................................................................ 65 7.0 Interrupts .................................................................................................................................................................................... 67 8.0 Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator ...................................................................................................................................... 81 9.0 I/O Ports ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 83 10.0 Timer0 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 101 11.0 Timer1 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 105 12.0 Timer2 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 111 13.0 Timer3 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 113 14.0 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Module................................................................................................................ 117 15.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 139 16.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) ............................................................... 181 17.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module .............................................................................................................................. 209 18.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................. 223 19.0 Power-Managed Modes ........................................................................................................................................................... 235 20.0 SR Latch................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 21.0 Voltage References.................................................................................................................................................................. 245 22.0 Universal Serial Bus (USB) ...................................................................................................................................................... 251 23.0 Reset ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 277 24.0 Special Features of the CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 291 25.0 Instruction Set Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 309 26.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 359 27.0 Electrical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 363 28.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables....................................................................................................................... 397 29.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 399 Appendix A: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................. 405 Appendix B: Device Differences......................................................................................................................................................... 406 Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 407 The Microchip Web Site ..................................................................................................................................................................... 417 Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 417 Customer Support .............................................................................................................................................................................. 417 Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 418 Product Identification System............................................................................................................................................................. 419  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 7 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced. If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via E-mail at docerrors@mail.microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150. We welcome your feedback. Most Current Data Sheet To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at: http://www.microchip.com You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page. 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Customer Notification System Register on our web site at www.microchip.com/cn to receive the most current information on all of our products. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 8 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 9 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW This document contains device specific information for the following devices: This family offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers – namely, high computational performance at an economical price – with the addition of high-endurance, Flash program memory. On top of these features, the PIC18F/LF1XK50 family introduces design enhancements that make these microcontrollers a logical choice for many highperformance, power sensitive applications. 1.1 New Core Features 1.1.1 nanoWatt XLP TECHNOLOGY All of the devices in the PIC18F/LF1XK50 family incorporate a range of features that can significantly reduce power consumption during operation. Key items include: • Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller from the Timer1 source or the internal oscillator block, power consumption during code execution can be reduced by as much as 90%. • Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run with its CPU core disabled but the peripherals still active. In these states, power consumption can be reduced even further, to as little as 4% of normal operation requirements. • On-the-fly Mode Switching: The powermanaged modes are invoked by user code during operation, allowing the user to incorporate powersaving ideas into their application’s software design. • Low Consumption in Key Modules: The power requirements for both Timer1 and the Watchdog Timer are minimized. See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for values. 1.1.2 MULTIPLE OSCILLATOR OPTIONS AND FEATURES All of the devices in the PIC18F/LF1XK50 family offer ten different oscillator options, allowing users a wide range of choices in developing application hardware. These include: • Four Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramic resonators • External Clock modes, offering the option of using two pins (oscillator input and a divide-by-4 clock output) or one pin (oscillator input, with the second pin reassigned as general I/O) • External RC Oscillator modes with the same pin options as the External Clock modes • An internal oscillator block which contains a 16 MHz HFINTOSC oscillator and a 31 kHz LFINTOSC oscillator which together provide 8 user selectable clock frequencies, from 31 kHz to 16 MHz. This option frees the two oscillator pins for use as additional general purpose I/O. • A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier, available to both the high-speed crystal and internal oscillator modes, which allows clock speeds of up to 48 MHz. Used with the internal oscillator, the PLL gives users a complete selection of clock speeds, from 31 kHz to 32 MHz – all without using an external crystal or clock circuit. Besides its availability as a clock source, the internal oscillator block provides a stable reference source that gives the family additional features for robust operation: • Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly monitors the main clock source against a reference signal provided by the LFINTOSC. If a clock failure occurs, the controller is switched to the internal oscillator block, allowing for continued operation or a safe application shutdown. • Two-Speed Start-up: This option allows the internal oscillator to serve as the clock source from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep mode, until the primary clock source is available. • PIC18F13K50 • PIC18F14K50 • PIC18LF13K50 • PIC18LF14K50 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 10 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 1.2 Other Special Features • Memory Endurance: The Flash cells for both program memory and data EEPROM are rated to last for many thousands of erase/write cycles – up to 1K for program memory and 100K for EEPROM. Data retention without refresh is conservatively estimated to be greater than 40 years. • Self-programmability: These devices can write to their own program memory spaces under internal software control. Using a bootloader routine located in the code protected Boot Block, it is possible to create an application that can update itself in the field. • Extended Instruction Set: The PIC18F/ LF1XK50 family introduces an optional extension to the PIC18 instruction set, which adds 8 new instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode. This extension has been specifically designed to optimize re-entrant application code originally developed in high-level languages, such as C. • Enhanced CCP module: In PWM mode, this module provides 1, 2 or 4 modulated outputs for controlling half-bridge and full-bridge drivers. Other features include: - Auto-Shutdown, for disabling PWM outputs on interrupt or other select conditions - Auto-Restart, to reactivate outputs once the condition has cleared - Output steering to selectively enable one or more of 4 outputs to provide the PWM signal. • Enhanced Addressable USART: This serial communication module is capable of standard RS-232 operation and provides support for the LIN bus protocol. Other enhancements include automatic baud rate detection and a 16-bit Baud Rate Generator for improved resolution. • 10-bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates programmable acquisition time, allowing for a channel to be selected and a conversion to be initiated without waiting for a sampling period and thus, reduce code overhead. • Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): This enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit postscaler, allowing an extended time-out range that is stable across operating voltage and temperature. See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for time-out periods. 1.3 Details on Individual Family Members Devices in the PIC18F/LF1XK50 family are available in 20-pin packages. Block diagrams for the two groups are shown in Figure 1-1. The devices are differentiated from each other in the following ways: 1. Flash program memory: • 8 Kbytes for PIC18F13K50/PIC18LF13K50 • 16 Kbytes for PIC18F14K50/PIC18LF14K50 2. On-chip 3.2V LDO regulator for PIC18F13K50 and PIC18F14K50. All other features for devices in this family are identical. These are summarized in Table 1-1. The pinouts for all devices are listed in Table 1 and I/O description are in Table 1-2.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 11 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 TABLE 1-1: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F/LF1XK50 (20-PIN DEVICES) Features PIC18F13K50 PIC18LF13K50 PIC18F14K50 PIC18LF14K50 LDO Regulator Yes No Yes No Program Memory (Bytes) 8K 16K Program Memory (Instructions) 4096 8192 Data Memory (Bytes) 512 768 Operating Frequency DC – 48 MHz Interrupt Sources 30 I/O Ports Ports A, B, C Timers 4 Enhanced Capture/ Compare/PWM Modules 1 Serial Communications MSSP, Enhanced USART, USB 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 9 Input Channels Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full, Stack Underflow, MCLR, WDT (PWRT, OST) Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set Enabled Packages 20-Pin PDIP, SSOP, SOIC (300 mil) and QFN (5x5) PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 12 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 1-1: PIC18F/LF1XK50 BLOCK DIAGRAM Instruction Decode and Control PORTA PORTB PORTC RA1 RA0 Data Latch Data Memory Address Latch Data Address<12> 12 BSR FSR0 Access FSR1 FSR2 inc/dec logic Address 4 12 4 PCH PCL PCLATH 8 31-Level Stack Program Counter PRODH PRODL 8 x 8 Multiply 8 BITOP 8 8 ALU<8> 20 8 8 Table Pointer<21> inc/dec logic 21 8 Data Bus<8> Table Latch 8 IR 12 3 ROM Latch PCLATU PCU Note 1: RA3 is only available when MCLR functionality is disabled. 2: OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT are only available in select oscillator modes and when these pins are not being used as digital I/O. Refer to Section 2.0 “Oscillator Module” for additional information. 3: PIC18F13K50/PIC18F14K50 only. Comparator MSSP EUSART 10-bit ADC Timer0 Timer1 Timer2 Timer3 ECCP1 BOR Data EEPROM W Instruction Bus <16> STKPTR Bank 8 State machine control signals Decode 8 8 Power-up Timer Oscillator Start-up Timer Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer OSC1(2) OSC2(2) VDD, Internal Oscillator Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Precision Reference VSS Band Gap MCLR(1) Block LFINTOSC Oscillator 16 MHz Oscillator Single-Supply Programming T1OSO T1OSI FVR FVR FVR CVREF Address Latch Program Memory Data Latch CVREF RA3 RA4 RA5 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 RC0 RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 (512/768 bytes) VUSB USB Module USB LDO(3) Regulator  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 13 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 TABLE 1-2: PIC18F/LF1XK50 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS Pin Name Pin Number Pin Type Buffer Type Description RA0/D+/PGD RA0 D+ PGD 19 I I/O I/O TTL XCVR ST Digital input USB differential plus line (input/output) ICSP™ programming data pin RA1/D-/PGC RA1 DPGC 18 I I/O I/O TTL XCVR ST Digital input USB differential minus line (input/output) ICSP™ programming clock pin RA3/MCLR/VPP RA3 MCLR VPP 4 IIP ST ST — Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (input) Digital input Active-low Master Clear with internal pull-up High voltage programming input RA4/AN3/OSC2/CLKOUT RA4 AN3 OSC2 CLKOUT 3 I/O IO O TTL Analog XTAL CMOS Digital I/O ADC channel 3 Oscillator crystal output. Connect to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate RA5/OSC1/CLKIN RA5 OSC1 CLKIN 2 I/O I I TTL XTAL CMOS Digital I/O Oscillator crystal input or external clock input ST buffer when configured in RC mode; analog other wise External clock source input. Always associated with the pin function OSC1 (See related OSC1/CLKIN, OSC2, CLKOUT pins RB4/AN10/SDI/SDA RB4 AN10 SDI SDA 13 I/O II I/O TTL Analog ST ST Digital I/O ADC channel 10 SPI data in I2C™ data I/O RB5/AN11/RX/DT RB5 AN11 RX DT 12 I/O II I/O TLL Analog ST ST Digital I/O ADC channel 11 EUSART asynchronous receive EUSART synchronous data (see related RX/TX) RB6/SCK/SCI RB6 SCK SCI 11 I/O I/O I/O TLL ST ST Digital I/O Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode RB7/TX/CK RB7 TX CK 10 I/O O I/O TLL CMOS ST Digital I/O EUSART asynchronous transmit EUSART synchronous clock (see related RX/DT) Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output ST = Schmitt Trigger input I = Input O = Output P = Power XTAL= Crystal Oscillator XCVR = USB Differential Transceiver PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 14 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. RC0/AN4/C12IN+/INT0/VREF+ RC0 AN4 C12IN+ INT0 VREF+ 16 I/O IIII ST Analog Analog ST Analog Digital I/O ADC channel 4 Comparator C1 and C2 non-inverting input External interrupt 0 Comparator reference voltage (high) input RC1/AN5/C12IN-/INT1/VREFRC1 AN5 C12ININT1 VREF- 15 I/O IIII ST Analog Analog ST Analog Digital I/O ADC channel 5 Comparator C1 and C2 non-inverting input External interrupt 0 Comparator reference voltage (low) input RC2/AN6/P1D/C12IN2-/CVREF/INT2 RC2 AN6 P1D C12IN2- CVREF INT2 14 I/O IOIOI ST Analog CMOS Analog Analog ST Digital I/O ADC channel 6 Enhanced CCP1 PWM output Comparator C1 and C2 inverting input Comparator reference voltage output External interrupt 0 RC3/AN7/P1C/C12IN3-/PGM RC3 AN7 P1C C12IN3- PGM 7 I/O IOI I/O ST Analog CMOS Analog ST Digital I/O ADC channel 7 Enhanced CCP1 PWM output Comparator C1 and C2 inverting input Low-Voltage ICSP Programming enable pin RC4/P1B/C12OUT/SRQ RC4 P1B C12OUT SRQ 6 I/O OOO ST CMOS CMOS CMOS Digital I/O Enhanced CCP1 PWM output Comparator C1 and C2 output SR Latch output RC5/CCP1/P1A/T0CKI RC5 CCP1 P1A T0CKI 5 I/O I/O OI ST ST CMOS ST Digital I/O Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output Enhanced CCP1 PWM output Timer0 external clock input RC6/AN8/SS/T13CKI/T1OSCI RC6 AN8 SS T13CKI T1OSCI 8 I/O IIII ST Analog TTL ST XTAL Digital I/O ADC channel 8 SPI slave select input Timer0 and Timer3 external clock input Timer1 oscillator input RC7/AN9/SDO/T1OSCO RC7 AN9 SDO T1OSCO 9 I/O IOO ST Analog CMOS XTAL Digital I/O ADC channel 9 SPI data out Timer1 oscillator output VSS 20 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins VDD 1 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins VUSB 17 P — Positive supply for USB transceiver TABLE 1-2: PIC18F/LF1XK50 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED) Pin Name Pin Number Pin Type Buffer Type Description Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output ST = Schmitt Trigger input I = Input O = Output P = Power XTAL= Crystal Oscillator XCVR = USB Differential Transceiver  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 15 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.0 OSCILLATOR MODULE 2.1 Overview The oscillator module has a variety of clock sources and features that allow it to be used in a wide range of applications, maximizing performance and minimizing power consumption. Figure 2-1 illustrates a block diagram of the oscillator module. Key features of the oscillator module include: • System Clock Selection - Primary External Oscillator - Secondary External Oscillator - Internal Oscillator • Oscillator Start-up Timer • System Clock Selection • Clock Switching • 4x Phase Lock Loop Frequency Multiplier • CPU Clock Divider • USB Operation - Low Speed - Full Speed • Two-Speed Start-up Mode • Fail-Safe Clock Monitoring 2.2 System Clock Selection The SCS bits of the OSCCON register select between the following clock sources: • Primary External Oscillator • Secondary External Oscillator • Internal Oscillator TABLE 2-1: SYSTEM CLOCK SELECTION The default state of the SCS bits sets the system clock to be the oscillator defined by the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The system clock will always be defined by the FOSC bits until the SCS bits are modified in software. When the Internal Oscillator is selected as the system clock, the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register and the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register will select either the LFINTOSC or the HFINTOSC. The LFINTOSC is selected when the IRCF<2:0> = 000 and the INTSRC bit is clear. All other combinations of the IRCF bits and the INTSRC bit will select the HFINTOSC as the system clock. 2.3 Primary External Oscillator The Primary External Oscillator’s mode of operation is selected by setting the FOSC<3:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The oscillator can be set to the following modes: • LP: Low-Power Crystal • XT: Crystal/Ceramic Resonator • HS: High-Speed Crystal Resonator • RC: External RC Oscillator • EC: External Clock Additionally, the Primary External Oscillator may be shut-down under firmware control to save power. Note: The frequency of the system clock will be referred to as FOSC throughout this document. Configuration Selection SCS <1:0> System Clock 1x Internal Oscillator 01 Secondary External Oscillator 00 (Default after Reset) Oscillator defined by FOSC<3:0> PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 16 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 2-1: PIC® MCU CLOCK SOURCE BLOCK DIAGRAM 4 x PLL FOSC<3:0> OSC2 OSC1 Sleep CPU Peripherals IDLEN Postscaler MUX MUX 16 MHz 8 MHz 4 MHz 2 MHz 1 MHz 250 kHz 500 kHz IRCF<2:0> 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 31 kHz 31 kHz LFINTOSC Internal Oscillator Block Clock HFINTOSC Control SCS<1:0> 16 MHz 0 1 INTSRC Primary PIC18F/LF1XK50 Sleep Sleep System Secondary T1OSCEN Enable Oscillator T1OSI T1OSO PCLKEN PRI_SD  2 CPU Divider 0 1 1 0 USBDIV FOSC<3:0> Low Speed USB High Speed USB PLLEN SPLLEN Oscillator Watchdog Timer Oscillator Fail-Safe Clock Two-Speed Start-up Clock 00 1x 01  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 17 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.3.1 PRIMARY EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR SHUT-DOWN The Primary External Oscillator can be enabled or disabled via software. To enable software control of the Primary External Oscillator, the PCLKEN bit of the CONFIG1H Configuration register must be set. With the PCLKEN bit set, the Primary External Oscillator is controlled by the PRI_SD bit of the OSCCON2 register. The Primary External Oscillator will be enabled when the PRI_SD bit is set, and disabled when the PRI_SD bit is clear. 2.3.2 LP, XT AND HS OSCILLATOR MODES The LP, XT and HS modes support the use of quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators connected to OSC1 and OSC2 (Figure 2-2). The mode selects a low, medium or high gain setting of the internal inverteramplifier to support various resonator types and speed. LP Oscillator mode selects the lowest gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. LP mode current consumption is the least of the three modes. This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a low drive level specification, for example, tuning fork type crystals. XT Oscillator mode selects the intermediate gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. XT mode current consumption is the medium of the three modes. This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a medium drive level specification. HS Oscillator mode selects the highest gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. HS mode current consumption is the highest of the three modes. This mode is best suited for resonators that require a high drive setting. Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3 show typical circuits for quartz crystal and ceramic resonators, respectively. FIGURE 2-2: QUARTZ CRYSTAL OPERATION (LP, XT OR HS MODE) Note: The Primary External Oscillator cannot be shut down when it is selected as the System Clock. To shut down the oscillator, the system clock source must be either the Secondary Oscillator or the Internal Oscillator. Note 1: Quartz crystal characteristics vary according to type, package and manufacturer. The user should consult the manufacturer data sheets for specifications and recommended application. 2: Always verify oscillator performance over the VDD and temperature range that is expected for the application. 3: For oscillator design assistance, reference the following Microchip Applications Notes: • AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal Selection for rfPIC® and PIC® Devices” (DS00826) • AN849, “Basic PIC® Oscillator Design” (DS00849) • AN943, “Practical PIC® Oscillator Analysis and Design” (DS00943) • AN949, “Making Your Oscillator Work” (DS00949) Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for quartz crystals with low drive level. 2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M. C1 C2 Quartz RS(1) OSC1/CLKIN RF(2) Sleep To Internal Logic PIC® MCU Crystal OSC2/CLKOUT PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 18 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 2-3: CERAMIC RESONATOR OPERATION (XT OR HS MODE) 2.3.3 EXTERNAL RC The External Resistor-Capacitor (RC) mode supports the use of an external RC circuit. This allows the designer maximum flexibility in frequency choice while keeping costs to a minimum when clock accuracy is not required. In RC mode, the RC circuit connects to OSC1, allowing OSC2 to be configured as an IO or as CLKOUT. The CLKOUT function is selected by the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. When OSC2 is configured as CLKOUT, the frequency at the pin is the frequency of the RC oscillator divided by 4. Figure 2-4 shows the external RC mode connections. FIGURE 2-4: EXTERNAL RC MODES The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor REXT, the capacitor CEXT and the operating temperature. Other factors affecting the oscillator frequency are: • Input threshold voltage variation • Component tolerances • Variation in capacitance due to packaging 2.3.4 EXTERNAL CLOCK The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally generated logic level clock to be used as the system’s clock source. When operating in this mode, the external clock source is connected to the OSC1 allowing OSC2 to be configured as an I/O or as CLKOUT. The CLKOUT function is selected by the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. When OSC2 is configured as CLKOUT, the frequency at the pin is the frequency of the EC oscillator divided by 4. Three different power settings are available for EC mode. The power settings allow for a reduced IDD of the device, if the EC clock is known to be in a specific range. If there is an expected range of frequencies for the EC clock, select the power mode for the highest frequency. EC Low power 0 – 250 kHz EC Medium power 250 kHz – 4 MHz EC High power 4 – 48 MHz 2.4 Secondary External Oscillator The Secondary External Oscillator is designed to drive an external 32.768 kHz crystal. This oscillator is enabled or disabled by the T1OSCEN bit of the T1CON register. See Section 11.0 “Timer1 Module” for more information. Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for ceramic resonators with low drive level. 2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M. 3: An additional parallel feedback resistor (RP) may be required for proper ceramic resonator operation. C1 C2 Ceramic RS(1) OSC1/CLKIN RF(2) Sleep To Internal Logic PIC® MCU RP(3) Resonator OSC2/CLKOUT OSC2/CLKOUT(1) CEXT REXT PIC® MCU OSC1/CLKIN FOSC/4 or Internal Clock VDD VSS Recommended values: 10 k  REXT  100 k CEXT > 20 pF Note 1: Alternate pin functions are listed in Section 1.0 “Device Overview”. 2: Output depends upon RC or RCIO clock mode. I/O(2)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 19 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.5 Internal Oscillator The internal oscillator module contains two independent oscillators which are: • LFINTOSC: Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator • HFINTOSC: High-Frequency Internal Oscillator When operating with either oscillator, OSC1 will be an I/O and OSC2 will be either an I/O or CLKOUT. The CLKOUT function is selected by the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. When OSC2 is configured as CLKOUT, the frequency at the pin is the frequency of the Internal Oscillator divided by 4. 2.5.1 LFINTOSC The Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC) is a 31 kHz internal clock source. The LFINTOSC oscillator is the clock source for: • Power-up Timer • Watchdog Timer • Fail-Safe Clock Monitor The LFINTOSC is enabled when any of the following conditions are true: • Power-up Timer is enabled (PWRTEN = 0) • Watchdog Timer is enabled (WDTEN = 1) • Watchdog Timer is enabled by software (WDTEN = 0 and SWDTEN = 1) • Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled (FCMEM = 1) • SCS1=1 and IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 0 • FOSC<3:0> selects the internal oscillator as the primary clock and IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 0 • IESO = 1 (Two-Speed Start-up) and IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 0 2.5.2 HFINTOSC The High-Frequency Internal Oscillator (HFINTOSC) is a precision oscillator that is factory-calibrated to operate at 16 MHz. The output of the HFINTOSC connects to a postscaler and a multiplexer (see Figure 2-1). One of eight frequencies can be selected using the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. The following frequencies are available from the HFINTOSC: • 16 MHZ • 8 MHZ • 4 MHZ • 2 MHZ • 1 MHZ (Default after Reset) • 500 kHz • 250 kHz • 31 kHz The HFIOFS bit of the OSCCON register indicates whether the HFINTOSC is stable. The HFINTOSC is enabled if any of the following conditions are true: • SCS1 = 1 and IRCF<2:0>  000 • SCS1 = 1 and IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 1 • FOSC<3:0> selects the internal oscillator as the primary clock and - IRCF<2:0>  000 or - IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 1 • IESO = 1 (Two-Speed Start-up) and - IRCF<2:0>  000 or - IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 1 • FCMEM=1 (Fail Safe Clock Monitoring) and - IRCF<2:0>  000 or - IRCF<2:0> = 000 and INTSRC = 1 Note 1: Selecting 31 kHz from the HFINTOSC oscillator requires IRCF<2:0> = 000 and the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register to be set. If the INTSRC bit is clear, the system clock will come from the LFINTOSC. 2: Additional adjustments to the frequency of the HFINTOSC can made via the OSCTUNE registers. See Register 2-3 for more details PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 20 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 2.6 Oscillator Control The Oscillator Control (OSCCON) (Register 2-1) and the Oscillator Control 2 (OSCCON2) (Register 2-2) registers control the system clock and frequency selection options. REGISTER 2-1: OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R-q R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 IDLEN IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0 OSTS(1) HFIOFS SCS1 SCS0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ q = depends on condition -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 IDLEN: Idle Enable bit 1 = Device enters Idle mode on SLEEP instruction 0 = Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEP instruction bit 6-4 IRCF<2:0>: Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits 111 = 16 MHz 110 = 8 MHz 101 = 4 MHz 100 = 2 MHz 011 = 1 MHz(3) 010 = 500 kHz 001 = 250 kHz 000 = 31 kHz(2) bit 3 OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit(1) 1 = Device is running from the clock defined by FOSC<2:0> of the CONFIG1 register 0 = Device is running from the internal oscillator (HFINTOSC or LFINTOSC) bit 2 HFIOFS: HFINTOSC Frequency Stable bit 1 = HFINTOSC frequency is stable 0 = HFINTOSC frequency is not stable bit 1-0 SCS<1:0>: System Clock Select bits 1x = Internal oscillator block 01 = Secondary (Timer1) oscillator 00 = Primary clock (determined by CONFIG1H[FOSC<3:0>]). Note 1: Reset state depends on state of the IESO Configuration bit. 2: Source selected by the INTSRC bit of the OSCTUNE register, see text. 3: Default output frequency of HFINTOSC on Reset.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 21 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 2-2: OSCCON2: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER 2 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R-x — — — — — PRI_SD HFIOFL LFIOFS bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ q = depends on condition -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 2 PRI_SD: Primary Oscillator Drive Circuit shutdown bit 1 = Oscillator drive circuit on 0 = Oscillator drive circuit off (zero power) bit 1 HFIOFL: HFINTOSC Frequency Locked bit 1 = HFINTOSC is in lock 0 = HFINTOSC has not yet locked bit 0 LFIOFS: LFINTOSC Frequency Stable bit 1 = LFINTOSC is stable 0 = LFINTOSC is not stable PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 22 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 2.6.1 OSCTUNE REGISTER The HFINTOSC is factory calibrated, but can be adjusted in software by writing to the TUN<5:0> bits of the OSCTUNE register (Register 2-3). The default value of the TUN<5:0> is ‘000000’. The value is a 6-bit two’s complement number. When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the HFINTOSC frequency will begin shifting to the new frequency. Code execution continues during this shift, while giving no indication that the shift has occurred. OSCTUNE does not affect the LFINTOSC frequency. The operation of features that depend on the LFINTOSC clock source frequency, such as the Power-up Timer (PWRT), Watchdog Timer (WDT), Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and peripherals, are not affected by the change in frequency. The OSCTUNE register also implements the INTSRC and SPLLEN bits, which control certain features of the internal oscillator block. The INTSRC bit allows users to select which internal oscillator provides the clock source when the 31 kHz frequency option is selected. This is covered in greater detail in Section 2.5.1 “LFINTOSC”. The SPLLEN bit controls the operation of the frequency multiplier. For more details about the function of the SPLLEN bit see Section 2.9 “4x Phase Lock Loop Frequency Multiplier” REGISTER 2-3: OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 INTSRC SPLLEN TUN5 TUN4 TUN3 TUN2 TUN1 TUN0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 INTSRC: Internal Oscillator Low-Frequency Source Select bit 1 = 31.25 kHz device clock derived from 16 MHz HFINTOSC source (divide-by-512 enabled) 0 = 31 kHz device clock derived directly from LFINTOSC internal oscillator bit 6 SPLLEN: Software Controlled Frequency Multiplier PLL bit 1 = PLL enabled (for HFINTOSC 8 MHz only) 0 = PLL disabled bit 5-0 TUN<5:0>: Frequency Tuning bits 011111 = Maximum frequency 011110 = • • • 000001 = 000000 = Oscillator module is running at the factory calibrated frequency. 111111 = • • • 100000 = Minimum frequency  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 23 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.7 Oscillator Start-up Timer The Primary External Oscillator, when configured for LP, XT or HS modes, incorporates an Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST). The OST ensures that the oscillator starts and provides a stable clock to the oscillator module. The OST times out when 1024 oscillations on OSC1 have occurred. During the OST period, with the system clock set to the Primary External Oscillator, the program counter does not increment suspending program execution. The OST period will occur following: • Power-on Reset (POR) • Brown-out Reset (BOR) • Wake-up from Sleep • Oscillator being enabled • Expiration of Power-up Timer (PWRT) In order to minimize latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution, the Two-Speed Start-up mode can be selected. See Section 2.12 “Two-Speed Start-up Mode” for more information. 2.8 Clock Switching The device contains circuitry to prevent clock “glitches” due to a change of the system clock source. To accomplish this, a short pause in the system clock occurs during the clock switch. If the new clock source is not stable (e.g., OST is active), the device will continue to execute from the old clock source until the new clock source becomes stable. The timing of a clock switch is as follows: 1. SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register are modified. 2. The system clock will continue to operate from the old clock until the new clock is ready. 3. Clock switch circuitry waits for two consecutive rising edges of the old clock after the new clock is ready. 4. The system clock is held low, starting at the next falling edge of the old clock. 5. Clock switch circuitry waits for an additional two rising edges of the new clock. 6. On the next falling edge of the new clock, the low hold on the system clock is release and the new clock is switched in as the system clock. 7. Clock switch is complete. Refer to Figure 2-5 for more details. FIGURE 2-5: CLOCK SWITCH TIMING Old Clock New Clock IRCF <2:0> System Clock Start-up Time(1) Clock Sync Running High Speed Low Speed Select Old Select New New Clk Ready Low Speed High Speed Old Clock New Clock IRCF <2:0> System Clock Start-up Time(1) Clock Sync Running Select Old Select New New Clk Ready Note 1: Start-up time includes TOST (1024 TOSC) for external clocks, plus TPLL (approx. 2 ms) for HSPLL mode. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 24 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 2-2: EXAMPLES OF DELAYS DUE TO CLOCK SWITCHING 2.9 4x Phase Lock Loop Frequency Multiplier A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an option for users who wish to use a lower-frequency external oscillator or to operate at 32 MHz with the HFINTOSC. The PLL is designed for an input frequency from 4 MHz to 12 MHz. The PLL multiplies its input frequency by a factor of four when the PLL is enabled. This may be useful for customers who are concerned with EMI, due to high-frequency crystals. Two bits control the PLL: the PLLEN bit of the CONFIG1H Configuration register and the SPLLEN bit of the OSCTUNE register. The PLL is enabled when the PLLEN bit is set and it is under software control when the PLLEN bit is cleared. TABLE 2-3: PLL CONFIGURATION 2.9.1 32 MHZ INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY SELECTION The Internal Oscillator Block can be used with the 4X PLL associated with the External Oscillator Block to produce a 32 MHz internal system clock source. The following settings are required to use the 32 MHz internal clock source: • The FOSC bits in CONFIG1H must be set to use the INTOSC source as the device system clock (FOSC<3:0> = 1000 or 1001). • The SCS bits in the OSCCON register must be cleared to use the clock determined by FOSC<3:0> in CONFIG1H (SCS<1:0> = 00). • The IRCF bits in the OSCCON register must be set to the 8 MHz HFINTOSC set to use (IRCF<2:0> = 110). • The SPLLEN bit in the OSCTUNE register must be set to enable the 4xPLL, or the PLLEN bit of CONFIG1H must be progr mmed to a ‘1’. The 4xPLL is not available for use with the internal oscillator when the SCS bits of the OSCCON register are set to ‘1x’. The SCS bits must be set to ‘00’ to use the 4xPLL with the internal oscillator. 2.10 CPU Clock Divider The CPU Clock Divider allows the system clock to run at a slower speed than the Low/Full Speed USB module clock while sharing the same clock source. Only the oscillator defined by the settings of the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register may be used with the CPU Clock Divider. The CPU Clock Divider is controlled by the CPUDIV bits of the CONFIG1L Configuration register. Setting the CPUDIV bits will set the system clock to: • Equal the clock speed of the USB module • Half the clock speed of the USB module • One third the clock speed of the USB module • One fourth the clock speed of the USB module For more information on the CPU Clock Divider, see Figure 2-1 and Register 24-1 CONFIG1L. Switch From Switch To Oscillator Delay Sleep/POR LFINTOSC HFINTOSC Oscillator Warm-up Delay (TWARM) Sleep/POR LP, XT, HS 1024 clock cycles Sleep/POR EC, RC 8 clock cycles PLLEN SPLLEN PLL Status 1 x PLL enabled 0 1 PLL enabled 0 0 PLL disabled Note: When using the PLLEN bit of CONFIG1H, the 4xPLL cannot be disabled by software and the 8 MHz HFINTOSC option will no longer be available.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 25 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.11 USB Operation The USB module is designed to operate in two different modes: • Low Speed • Full Speed Because of timing requirements imposed by the USB specifications, the Primary External Oscillator is required for the USB module. The FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register must be set to either External Clock (EC) High-power or HS mode with a clock frequency of 6, 12 or 48 MHz. 2.11.1 LOW SPEED OPERATION For Low Speed USB operation, a 6 MHz clock is required for the USB module. To generate the 6 MHz clock, only 2 Oscillator modes are allowed: • EC High-power mode • HS mode Table 2-4 shows the recommended Clock mode for low-speed operation. 2.11.2 FULL-SPEED OPERATION For full-speed USB operation, a 48 MHz clock is required for the USB module. To generate the 48 MHz clock, only 2 Oscillator modes are allowed: • EC High-power mode • HS mode Table 2-5 shows the recommended Clock mode for fullspeed operation. Note: Users must run USB low speed operation using a CPU clock frequency of 24 MHz or slower (64 MHz is optimal). If anything higher than 24 MHz is used, a firmware delay of at least 14 instruction cycles is required. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 26 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 2-4: LOW SPEED USB CLOCK SETTINGS TABLE 2-5: FULL-SPEED USB CLOCK SETTINGS Clock Mode Clock Frequency USBDIV 4x PLL Enabled CPUDIV<1:0> System Clock Frequency (MHz) EC High/HS 12 MHz 1 Yes 00 48 01 24 10 16 11 12 No 00 12 01 6 10 4 11 3 6 MHz 0 Yes 00 24 01 12 10 8 11 6 No 00 6 01 3 10 2 11 1.5 Note: The system clock frequency in Table 2-4 only applies if the OSCCON register bits SCS<1:0> = 00. By changing these bits, the system clock can operate down to 31 kHz. Clock Mode Clock Frequency 4x PLL Enabled CPUDIV<1:0> System Clock Frequency (MHz) EC High 48 MHz No 00 48 01 24 10 16 11 12 EC High/HS 12 MHz Yes 00 48 01 24 10 16 11 12 Note: The system clock frequency in the above table only applies if the OSCCON register bits SCS<1:0> = 00. By changing these bits, the system clock can operate down to 31 kHz.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 27 PIC18F/LF1XK50 2.12 Two-Speed Start-up Mode Two-Speed Start-up mode provides additional power savings by minimizing the latency between external Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) and code execution. In applications that make heavy use of the Sleep mode, Two-Speed Start-up will remove the OST period, which can reduce the overall power consumption of the device. Two-Speed Start-up mode is enabled by setting the IESO bit of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. With Two-Speed Start-up enabled, the device will execute instructions using the internal oscillator during the Primary External Oscillator OST period. When the system clock is set to the Primary External Oscillator and the oscillator is configured for LP, XT or HS modes, the device will not execute code during the OST period. The OST will suspend program execution until 1024 oscillations are counted. Two-Speed Start-up mode minimizes the delay in code execution by operating from the internal oscillator while the OST is active. The system clock will switch back to the Primary External Oscillator after the OST period has expired. Two-speed Start-up will become active after: • Power-on Reset (POR) • Power-up Timer (PWRT), if enabled • Wake-up from Sleep The OSTS bit of the OSCCON register reports which oscillator the device is currently using for operation. The device is running from the oscillator defined by the FOSC bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register when the OSTS bit is set. The device is running from the internal oscillator when the OSTS bit is clear. 2.13 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the device to continue operating should the external oscillator fail. The FSCM can detect oscillator failure any time after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The FSCM is enabled by setting the FCMEN bit in the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The FSCM is applicable to all external oscillator modes (LP, XT, HS, EC and RC). FIGURE 2-6: FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.13.1 FAIL-SAFE DETECTION The FSCM module detects a failed oscillator by comparing the external oscillator to the FSCM sample clock. The sample clock is generated by dividing the LFINTOSC by 64. See Figure 2-6. Inside the fail detector block is a latch. The external clock sets the latch on each falling edge of the external clock. The sample clock clears the latch on each rising edge of the sample clock. A failure is detected when an entire halfcycle of the sample clock elapses before the primary clock goes low. 2.13.2 FAIL-SAFE OPERATION When the external clock fails, the FSCM switches the device clock to an internal clock source and sets the bit flag OSCFIF of the PIR2 register. The OSCFIF flag will generate an interrupt if the OSCFIE bit of the PIE2 register is also set. The device firmware can then take steps to mitigate the problems that may arise from a failed clock. The system clock will continue to be sourced from the internal clock source until the device firmware successfully restarts the external oscillator and switches back to external operation. An automatic transition back to the failed clock source will not occur. The internal clock source chosen by the FSCM is determined by the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. This allows the internal oscillator to be configured before a failure occurs. External LFINTOSC ÷ 64 S R Q 31 kHz (~32 s) 488 Hz (~2 ms) Clock Monitor Latch Clock Failure Detected Oscillator Clock Q Sample Clock PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 28 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 2.13.3 FAIL-SAFE CONDITION CLEARING The Fail-Safe condition is cleared by either one of the following: • Any Reset • By toggling the SCS1 bit of the OSCCON register Both of these conditions restart the OST. While the OST is running, the device continues to operate from the INTOSC selected in OSCCON. When the OST times out, the Fail-Safe condition is cleared and the device automatically switches over to the external clock source. The Fail-Safe condition need not be cleared before the OSCFIF flag is cleared. 2.13.4 RESET OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP The FSCM is designed to detect an oscillator failure after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The OST is used after waking up from Sleep and after any type of Reset. The OST is not used with the EC or RC Clock modes so that the FSCM will be active as soon as the Reset or wake-up has completed. When the FSCM is enabled, the Two-Speed Start-up is also enabled. Therefore, the device will always be executing code while the OST is operating. FIGURE 2-7: FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM TABLE 2-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOCK SOURCES Note: Due to the wide range of oscillator start-up times, the Fail-Safe circuit is not active during oscillator start-up (i.e., after exiting Reset or Sleep). After an appropriate amount of time, the user should check the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to verify the oscillator start-up and that the system clock switchover has successfully completed. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page CONFIG1H IESO FCMEN PCLKEN PLLEN FOSC3 FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0 296 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 OSCCON IDLEN IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0 OSTS HFIOFS SCS1 SCS0 286 OSCTUNE INTSRC SPLLEN TUN5 TUN4 TUN3 TUN2 TUN1 TUN0 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 105 Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by oscillators. Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation. OSCFIF System Clock Output Sample Clock Failure Detected Oscillator Failure Note: The system clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in this example have been chosen for clarity. (Q) Test Test Test Clock Monitor Output  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 29 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION There are three types of memory in PIC18 Enhanced microcontroller devices: • Program Memory • Data RAM • Data EEPROM As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program memories use separate busses; this allows for concurrent access of the two memory spaces. The data EEPROM, for practical purposes, can be regarded as a peripheral device, since it is addressed and accessed through a set of control registers. Additional detailed information on the operation of the Flash program memory is provided in Section 4.0 “Flash Program Memory”. Data EEPROM is discussed separately in Section 5.0 “Data EEPROM Memory”. 3.1 Program Memory Organization PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program counter, which is capable of addressing a 2-Mbyte program memory space. Accessing a location between the upper boundary of the physically implemented memory and the 2-Mbyte address will return all ‘0’s (a NOP instruction). This family of devices contain the following: • PIC18F13K50: 8 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 4,096 single-word instructions • PIC18F14K50: 16 Kbytes of Flash Memory, up to 8,192 single-word instructions PIC18 devices have two interrupt vectors and one Reset vector. The Reset vector address is at 0000h and the interrupt vector addresses are at 0008h and 0018h. The program memory map for PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices is shown in Figure 3-1. Memory block details are shown in Figure 24-2. FIGURE 3-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR PIC18F/LF1XK50 DEVICES PC<20:0> Stack Level 1  Stack Level 31 Reset Vector Low Priority Interrupt Vector  CALL,RCALL,RETURN RETFIE,RETLW 21 0000h 0018h High Priority Interrupt Vector 0008h User Memory Space 1FFFFFh 4000h 3FFFh 200000h On-Chip Program Memory Read ‘0’ 1FFFh 2000h On-Chip Program Memory Read ‘0’ PIC18F14K50 PIC18F13K50 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 30 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 3.1.1 PROGRAM COUNTER The Program Counter (PC) specifies the address of the instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits wide and is contained in three separate 8-bit registers. The low byte, known as the PCL register, is both readable and writable. The high byte, or PCH register, contains the PC<15:8> bits; it is not directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCH register are performed through the PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This register contains the PC<20:16> bits; it is also not directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCU register are performed through the PCLATU register. The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are transferred to the program counter by any operation that writes PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program counter are transferred to PCLATH and PCLATU by an operation that reads PCL. This is useful for computed offsets to the PC (see Section 3.1.4.1 “Computed GOTO”). The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word instructions, the Least Significant bit (LSb) of PCL is fixed to a value of ‘0’. The PC increments by 2 to address sequential instructions in the program memory. The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch instructions write to the program counter directly. For these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter. 3.1.2 RETURN ADDRESS STACK The return address stack allows any combination of up to 31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC is pushed onto the stack when a CALL or RCALL instruction is executed or an interrupt is Acknowledged. The PC value is pulled off the stack on a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction. PCLATU and PCLATH are not affected by any of the RETURN or CALL instructions. The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a 5-bit Stack Pointer, STKPTR. The stack space is not part of either program or data space. The Stack Pointer is readable and writable and the address on the top of the stack is readable and writable through the Top-of- Stack (TOS) Special File Registers. Data can also be pushed to, or popped from the stack, using these registers. A CALL type instruction causes a push onto the stack; the Stack Pointer is first incremented and the location pointed to by the Stack Pointer is written with the contents of the PC (already pointing to the instruction following the CALL). A RETURN type instruction causes a pop from the stack; the contents of the location pointed to by the STKPTR are transferred to the PC and then the Stack Pointer is decremented. The Stack Pointer is initialized to ‘00000’ after all Resets. There is no RAM associated with the location corresponding to a Stack Pointer value of ‘00000’; this is only a Reset value. Status bits indicate if the stack is full or has overflowed or has underflowed. 3.1.2.1 Top-of-Stack Access Only the top of the return address stack (TOS) is readable and writable. A set of three registers, TOSU:TOSH:TOSL, hold the contents of the stack location pointed to by the STKPTR register (Figure 3-2). This allows users to implement a software stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALL or interrupt, the software can read the pushed value by reading the TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers. These values can be placed on a user defined software stack. At return time, the software can return these values to TOSU:TOSH:TOSL and do a return. The user must disable the global interrupt enable bits while accessing the stack to prevent inadvertent stack corruption. FIGURE 3-2: RETURN ADDRESS STACK AND ASSOCIATED REGISTERS 00011 001A34h 11111 11110 11101 00010 00001 00000 00010 Return Address Stack <20:0> Top-of-Stack 000D58h TOSU TOSH TOSL 00h 1Ah 34h STKPTR<4:0> Top-of-Stack Registers Stack Pointer  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 31 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.1.2.2 Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) The STKPTR register (Register 3-1) contains the Stack Pointer value, the STKFUL (stack full) bit and the STKUNF (stack underflow) bits. The value of the Stack Pointer can be 0 through 31. The Stack Pointer increments before values are pushed onto the stack and decrements after values are popped off the stack. On Reset, the Stack Pointer value will be zero. The user may read and write the Stack Pointer value. This feature can be used by a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) for return stack maintenance. After the PC is pushed onto the stack 31 times (without popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is set. The STKFUL bit is cleared by software or by a POR. The action that takes place when the stack becomes full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack Overflow Reset Enable) Configuration bit. (Refer to Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits” for a description of the device Configuration bits.) If STVREN is set (default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2) value onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the Stack Pointer will be set to zero. If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the 31st push and the Stack Pointer will increment to 31. Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push and STKPTR will remain at 31. When the stack has been popped enough times to unload the stack, the next pop will return a value of zero to the PC and sets the STKUNF bit, while the Stack Pointer remains at zero. The STKUNF bit will remain set until cleared by software or until a POR occurs. 3.1.2.3 PUSH and POP Instructions Since the Top-of-Stack is readable and writable, the ability to push values onto the stack and pull values off the stack without disturbing normal program execution is a desirable feature. The PIC18 instruction set includes two instructions, PUSH and POP, that permit the TOS to be manipulated under software control. TOSU, TOSH and TOSL can be modified to place data or a return address on the stack. The PUSH instruction places the current PC value onto the stack. This increments the Stack Pointer and loads the current PC value onto the stack. The POP instruction discards the current TOS by decrementing the Stack Pointer. The previous value pushed onto the stack then becomes the TOS value. Note: Returning a value of zero to the PC on an underflow has the effect of vectoring the program to the Reset vector, where the stack conditions can be verified and appropriate actions can be taken. This is not the same as a Reset, as the contents of the SFRs are not affected. REGISTER 3-1: STKPTR: STACK POINTER REGISTER R/C-0 R/C-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 STKFUL(1) STKUNF(1) — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented C = Clearable only bit -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit(1) 1 = Stack became full or overflowed 0 = Stack has not become full or overflowed bit 6 STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit(1) 1 = Stack underflow occurred 0 = Stack underflow did not occur bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4-0 SP<4:0>: Stack Pointer Location bits Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 32 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 3.1.2.4 Stack Full and Underflow Resets Device Resets on stack overflow and stack underflow conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in Configuration Register 4L. When STVREN is set, a full or underflow will set the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit but not cause a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bits are cleared by the user software or a Power-on Reset. 3.1.3 FAST REGISTER STACK A fast register stack is provided for the Status, WREG and BSR registers, to provide a “fast return” option for interrupts. The stack for each register is only one level deep and is neither readable nor writable. It is loaded with the current value of the corresponding register when the processor vectors for an interrupt. All interrupt sources will push values into the stack registers. The values in the registers are then loaded back into their associated registers if the RETFIE, FAST instruction is used to return from the interrupt. If both low and high priority interrupts are enabled, the stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from low priority interrupts. If a high priority interrupt occurs while servicing a low priority interrupt, the stack register values stored by the low priority interrupt will be overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key registers by software during a low priority interrupt. If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the fast register stack for returns from interrupt. If no interrupts are used, the fast register stack can be used to restore the Status, WREG and BSR registers at the end of a subroutine call. To use the fast register stack for a subroutine call, a CALL label, FAST instruction must be executed to save the Status, WREG and BSR registers to the fast register stack. A RETURN, FAST instruction is then executed to restore these registers from the fast register stack. Example 3-1 shows a source code example that uses the fast register stack during a subroutine call and return. EXAMPLE 3-1: FAST REGISTER STACK CODE EXAMPLE 3.1.4 LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM MEMORY There may be programming situations that require the creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables can be implemented in two ways: • Computed GOTO • Table Reads 3.1.4.1 Computed GOTO A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset to the program counter. An example is shown in Example 3-2. A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL instruction and a group of RETLW nn instructions. The W register is loaded with an offset into the table before executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the called routine is the ADDWF PCL instruction. The next instruction executed will be one of the RETLW nn instructions that returns the value ‘nn’ to the calling function. The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of bytes that the program counter should advance and should be multiples of 2 (LSb = 0). In this method, only one data byte may be stored in each instruction location and room on the return address stack is required. EXAMPLE 3-2: COMPUTED GOTO USING AN OFFSET VALUE 3.1.4.2 Table Reads and Table Writes A better method of storing data in program memory allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction location. Look-up table data may be stored two bytes per program word by using table reads and writes. The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register specifies the byte address and the Table Latch (TABLAT) register contains the data that is read from or written to program memory. Data is transferred to or from program memory one byte at a time. Table read and table write operations are discussed further in Section 4.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”. CALL SUB1, FAST ;STATUS, WREG, BSR ;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER ;STACK   SUB1   RETURN, FAST ;RESTORE VALUES SAVED ;IN FAST REGISTER STACK MOVF OFFSET, W CALL TABLE ORG nn00h TABLE ADDWF PCL RETLW nnh RETLW nnh RETLW nnh . . .  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 33 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.2 PIC18 Instruction Cycle 3.2.1 CLOCKING SCHEME The microcontroller clock input, whether from an internal or external source, is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is incremented on every Q1; the instruction is fetched from the program memory and latched into the instruction register during Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow are shown in Figure 3-3. 3.2.2 INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles: Q1 through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined in such a manner that a fetch takes one instruction cycle, while the decode and execute take another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO), then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 3-3). A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write). FIGURE 3-3: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE EXAMPLE 3-3: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode) PC PC + 2 PC + 4 Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC – 2) Fetch INST (PC + 2) Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC + 4) Execute INST (PC + 2) Internal Phase Clock All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed. TCY0 TCY1 TCY2 TCY3 TCY4 TCY5 1. MOVLW 55h Fetch 1 Execute 1 2. MOVWF PORTB Fetch 2 Execute 2 3. BRA SUB_1 Fetch 3 Execute 3 4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP) Fetch 4 Flush (NOP) 5. Instruction @ address SUB_1 Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 34 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 3.2.3 INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instructions are stored as either two bytes or four bytes in program memory. The Least Significant Byte (LSB) of an instruction word is always stored in a program memory location with an even address (LSb = 0). To maintain alignment with instruction boundaries, the PC increments in steps of 2 and the LSb will always read ‘0’ (see Section 3.1.1 “Program Counter”). Figure 3-4 shows an example of how instruction words are stored in the program memory. The CALL and GOTO instructions have the absolute program memory address embedded into the instruction. Since instructions are always stored on word boundaries, the data contained in the instruction is a word address. The word address is written to PC<20:1>, which accesses the desired byte address in program memory. Instruction #2 in Figure 3-4 shows how the instruction GOTO 0006h is encoded in the program memory. Program branch instructions, which encode a relative address offset, operate in the same manner. The offset value stored in a branch instruction represents the number of single-word instructions that the PC will be offset by. Section 25.0 “Instruction Set Summary” provides further details of the instruction set. FIGURE 3-4: INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY 3.2.4 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS The standard PIC18 instruction set has four two-word instructions: CALL, MOVFF, GOTO and LSFR. In all cases, the second word of the instruction always has ‘1111’ as its four Most Significant bits (MSb); the other 12 bits are literal data, usually a data memory address. The use of ‘1111’ in the 4 MSbs of an instruction specifies a special form of NOP. If the instruction is executed in proper sequence – immediately after the first word – the data in the second word is accessed and used by the instruction sequence. If the first word is skipped for some reason and the second word is executed by itself, a NOP is executed instead. This is necessary for cases when the two-word instruction is preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the PC. Example 3-4 shows how this works. EXAMPLE 3-4: TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS Word Address LSB = 1 LSB = 0  Program Memory Byte Locations  000000h 000002h 000004h 000006h Instruction 1: MOVLW 055h 0Fh 55h 000008h Instruction 2: GOTO 0006h EFh 03h 00000Ah F0h 00h 00000Ch Instruction 3: MOVFF 123h, 456h C1h 23h 00000Eh F4h 56h 000010h 000012h 000014h Note: See Section 3.6 “PIC18 Instruction Execution and the Extended Instruction Set” for information on two-word instructions in the extended instruction set. CASE 1: Object Code Source Code 0110 0110 0000 0000 TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0? 1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; No, skip this word 1111 0100 0101 0110 ; Execute this word as a NOP 0010 0100 0000 0000 ADDWF REG3 ; continue code CASE 2: Object Code Source Code 0110 0110 0000 0000 TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM location 0? 1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; Yes, execute this word 1111 0100 0101 0110 ; 2nd word of instruction 0010 0100 0000 0000 ADDWF REG3 ; continue code  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 35 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.3 Data Memory Organization The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as static RAM. Each register in the data memory has a 12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of data memory. The memory space is divided into as many as 16 banks that contain 256 bytes each. Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 show the data memory organization for the PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices. The data memory contains Special Function Registers (SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs). The SFRs are used for control and status of the controller and peripheral functions, while GPRs are used for data storage and scratchpad operations in the user’s application. Any read of an unimplemented location will read as ‘0’s. The instruction set and architecture allow operations across all banks. The entire data memory may be accessed by Direct, Indirect or Indexed Addressing modes. Addressing modes are discussed later in this subsection. To ensure that commonly used registers (SFRs and select GPRs) can be accessed in a single cycle, PIC18 devices implement an Access Bank. This is a 256-byte memory space that provides fast access to SFRs and the lower portion of GPR Bank 0 without using the Bank Select Register (BSR). Section 3.3.3 “Access Bank” provides a detailed description of the Access RAM. 3.3.1 USB RAM Part of the data memory is actually mapped to a special dual access RAM. When the USB module is disabled, the GPRs in these banks are used like any other GPR in the data memory space. When the USB module is enabled, the memory in these banks is allocated as buffer RAM for USB operation. This area is shared between the microcontroller core and the USB Serial Interface Engine (SIE) and is used to transfer data directly between the two. It is theoretically possible to use the areas of USB RAM that are not allocated as USB buffers for normal scratchpad memory or other variable storage. In practice, the dynamic nature of buffer allocation makes this risky at best. Additional information on USB RAM and buffer operation is provided in Section 22.0 “Universal Serial Bus (USB)” 3.3.2 BANK SELECT REGISTER (BSR) Large areas of data memory require an efficient addressing scheme to make rapid access to any address possible. Ideally, this means that an entire address does not need to be provided for each read or write operation. For PIC18 devices, this is accomplished with a RAM banking scheme. This divides the memory space into 16 contiguous banks of 256 bytes. Depending on the instruction, each location can be addressed directly by its full 12-bit address, or an 8-bit low-order address and a 4-bit Bank Pointer. Most instructions in the PIC18 instruction set make use of the Bank Pointer, known as the Bank Select Register (BSR). This SFR holds the 4 Most Significant bits of a location’s address; the instruction itself includes the 8 Least Significant bits. Only the four lower bits of the BSR are implemented (BSR<3:0>). The upper four bits are unused; they will always read ‘0’ and cannot be written to. The BSR can be loaded directly by using the MOVLB instruction. The value of the BSR indicates the bank in data memory; the 8 bits in the instruction show the location in the bank and can be thought of as an offset from the bank’s lower boundary. The relationship between the BSRs value and the bank division in data memory is shown in Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6. Since up to 16 registers may share the same low-order address, the user must always be careful to ensure that the proper bank is selected before performing a data read or write. For example, writing what should be program data to an 8-bit address of F9h while the BSR is 0Fh will end up resetting the program counter. While any bank can be selected, only those banks that are actually implemented can be read or written to. Writes to unimplemented banks are ignored, while reads from unimplemented banks will return ‘0’s. Even so, the STATUS register will still be affected as if the operation was successful. The data memory maps in Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 indicate which banks are implemented. In the core PIC18 instruction set, only the MOVFF instruction fully specifies the 12-bit address of the source and target registers. This instruction ignores the BSR completely when it executes. All other instructions include only the low-order address as an operand and must use either the BSR or the Access Bank to locate their target registers. Note: The operation of some aspects of data memory are changed when the PIC18 extended instruction set is enabled. See Section 3.5 “Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set” for more information. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 36 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 3-5: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18F13K50/PIC18LF13K50 DEVICES Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 14 Bank 15 BSR<3:0> Data Memory Map = 0000 = 0001 = 1111 060h 05Fh F60h FFFh 00h 5Fh 60h FFh Access Bank When ‘a’ = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). When ‘a’ = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. F5Fh F00h EFFh 1FFh 100h 0FFh Access RAM 000h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h GPR GPR SFR Access RAM High Access RAM Low Bank 2 = 0110 = 0010 (SFRs) 2FFh 200h 3FFh 300h 4FFh 400h 5FFh 500h 6FFh 600h 7FFh 700h 8FFh 800h 9FFh 900h AFFh A00h BFFh B00h CFFh C00h DFFh D00h E00h Bank 3 Bank 4 Bank 5 Bank 6 Bank 7 Bank 8 Bank 9 Bank 10 Bank 11 Bank 12 Bank 13 FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h = 0011 = 0100 = 0101 = 0111 = 1000 = 1001 = 1010 = 1011 = 1100 = 1101 = 1110 Unused Read 00h Unused Unused Read 00h F53h SFR(1) Note 1: SFRs occupying F53h to F5Fh address space are not in the virtual bank (DPRAM)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 37 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 FIGURE 3-6: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18F14K50/PIC18LF14K50 DEVICES Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 14 Bank 15 BSR<3:0> Data Memory Map = 0000 = 0001 = 1111 060h 05Fh 00h 5Fh 60h FFh Access Bank When ‘a’ = 0: The BSR is ignored and the Access Bank is used. The first 96 bytes are general purpose RAM (from Bank 0). The second 160 bytes are Special Function Registers (from Bank 15). When ‘a’ = 1: The BSR specifies the Bank used by the instruction. F00h EFFh 1FFh 100h 0FFh Access RAM 000h FFh 00h FFh 00h GPR GPR Access RAM High Access RAM Low Bank 2 = 0110 = 0010 (SFRs) 2FFh 200h 3FFh 300h 4FFh 400h 5FFh 500h 6FFh 600h 7FFh 700h 8FFh 800h 9FFh 900h AFFh A00h BFFh B00h CFFh C00h DFFh D00h E00h Bank 3 Bank 4 Bank 5 Bank 6 Bank 7 Bank 8 Bank 9 Bank 10 Bank 11 Bank 12 Bank 13 FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h GPR FFh 00h = 0011 = 0100 = 0101 = 0111 = 1000 = 1001 = 1010 = 1011 = 1100 = 1101 = 1110 Unused Read 00h Note 1: SFRs occupying F53h to F5Fh address space are not in the virtual bank F60h FFFh F5Fh FFh 00h SFR Unused F53h SFR(1) (DPRAM) PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 38 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 3-7: USE OF THE BANK SELECT REGISTER (DIRECT ADDRESSING) Note 1: The Access RAM bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR<3:0>) to the registers of the Access Bank. 2: The MOVFF instruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction. Data Memory Bank Select(2) 7 0 From Opcode(2) 0 0 0 0 000h 100h 200h 300h F00h E00h FFFh Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 14 Bank 15 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh 00h FFh Bank 3 through Bank 13 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 0 BSR(1)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 39 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.3.3 ACCESS BANK While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit address allows users to address the entire range of data memory, it also means that the user must always ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise, data may be read from or written to the wrong location. This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target of an operation, but an SFR is written to instead. Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or write to data memory can become very inefficient. To streamline access for the most commonly used data memory locations, the data memory is configured with an Access Bank, which allows users to access a mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR. The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of memory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of memory (60h-FFh) in Block 15. The lower half is known as the “Access RAM” and is composed of GPRs. This upper half is also where the device’s SFRs are mapped. These two areas are mapped contiguously in the Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear fashion by an 8-bit address (Figure 3-5 and Figure 3- 6). The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions that include the Access RAM bit (the ‘a’ parameter in the instruction). When ‘a’ is equal to ‘1’, the instruction uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the opcode for the data memory address. When ‘a’ is ‘0’, however, the instruction is forced to use the Access Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is ignored entirely. Using this “forced” addressing allows the instruction to operate on a data address in a single cycle, without updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and above, this means that users can evaluate and operate on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h is a good place for data values that the user might need to access rapidly, such as immediate computational results or common program variables. Access RAM also allows for faster and more code efficient context saving and switching of variables. The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail in Section 3.5.3 “Mapping the Access Bank in Indexed Literal Offset Mode”. 3.3.4 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR area. This is data RAM, which is available for use by all instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0 (address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom of the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a Power-on Reset and are unchanged on all other Resets. 3.3.5 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling the desired operation of the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM. SFRs start at the top of data memory (FFFh) and extend downward to occupy the top portion of Bank 15 (F60h to FFFh). A list of these registers is given in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2. The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those associated with the “core” device functionality (ALU, Resets and interrupts) and those related to the peripheral functions. The Reset and interrupt registers are described in their respective chapters, while the ALU’s STATUS register is described later in this section. Registers related to the operation of a peripheral feature are described in the chapter for that peripheral. The SFRs are typically distributed among the peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR locations are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 40 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 3-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP FOR PIC18F/LF1XK50 DEVICES Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name FFFh TOSU FD7h TMR0H FAFh SPBRG F87h —(2) F5Fh UEIR FFEh TOSH FD6h TMR0L FAEh RCREG F86h —(2) F5Eh UFRMH FFDh TOSL FD5h T0CON FADh TXREG F85h —(2) F5Dh UFRML FFCh STKPTR FD4h —(2) FACh TXSTA F84h —(2) F5Ch UADDR FFBh PCLATU FD3h OSCCON FABh RCSTA F83h —(2) F5Bh UEIE FFAh PCLATH FD2h OSCCON2 FAAh — F82h PORTC F5Ah UEP7 FF9h PCL FD1h WDTCON FA9h EEADR F81h PORTB F59h UEP6 FF8h TBLPTRU FD0h RCON FA8h EEDATA F80h PORTA F58h UEP5 FF7h TBLPTRH FCFh TMR1H FA7h EECON2(1) F7Fh ANSELH F57h UEP4 FF6h TBLPTRL FCEh TMR1L FA6h EECON1 F7Eh ANSEL F56h UEP3 FF5h TABLAT FCDh T1CON FA5h —(2) F7Dh —(2) F55h UEP2 FF4h PRODH FCCh TMR2 FA4h —(2) F7Ch —(2) F54h UEP1 FF3h PRODL FCBh PR2 FA3h —(2) F7Bh —(2) F53h UEP0 FF2h INTCON FCAh T2CON FA2h IPR2 F7Ah IOCB FF1h INTCON2 FC9h SSPBUF FA1h PIR2 F79h IOCA FF0h INTCON3 FC8h SSPADD FA0h PIE2 F78h WPUB FEFh INDF0(1) FC7h SSPSTAT F9Fh IPR1 F77h WPUA FEEh POSTINC0(1) FC6h SSPCON1 F9Eh PIR1 F76h SLRCON FEDh POSTDEC0(1) FC5h SSPCON2 F9Dh PIE1 F75h —(2) FECh PREINC0(1) FC4h ADRESH F9Ch —(2) F74h —(2) FEBh PLUSW0(1) FC3h ADRESL F9Bh OSCTUNE F73h —(2) FEAh FSR0H FC2h ADCON0 F9Ah —(2) F72h —(2) FE9h FSR0L FC1h ADCON1 F99h —(2) F71h —(2) FE8h WREG FC0h ADCON2 F98h —(2) F70h —(2) FE7h INDF1(1) FBFh CCPR1H F97h —(2) F6Fh SSPMASK FE6h POSTINC1(1) FBEh CCPR1L F96h —(2) F6Eh —(2) FE5h POSTDEC1(1) FBDh CCP1CON F95h —(2) F6Dh CM1CON0 FE4h PREINC1(1) FBCh REFCON2 F94h TRISC F6Ch CM2CON1 FE3h PLUSW1(1) FBBh REFCON1 F93h TRISB F6Bh CM2CON0 FE2h FSR1H FBAh REFCON0 F92h TRISA F6Ah —(2) FE1h FSR1L FB9h PSTRCON F91h —(2) F69h SRCON1 FE0h BSR FB8h BAUDCON F90h —(2) F68h SRCON0 FDFh INDF2(1) FB7h PWM1CON F8Fh —(2) F67h —(2) FDEh POSTINC2(1) FB6h ECCP1AS F8Eh —(2) F66h —(2) FDDh POSTDEC2(1) FB5h —(2) F8Dh —(2) F65h —(2) FDCh PREINC2(1) FB4h —(2) F8Ch —(2) F64h UCON FDBh PLUSW2(1) FB3h TMR3H F8Bh LATC F63h USTAT FDAh FSR2H FB2h TMR3L F8Ah LATB F62h UIR FD9h FSR2L FB1h T3CON F89h LATA F61h UCFG FD8h STATUS FB0h SPBRGH F88h —(2) F60h UIE Note 1: This is not a physical register. 2: Unimplemented registers are read as ‘0’.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 41 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 TABLE 3-2: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F/LF1XK50) File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Details on page: TOSU — — — Top-of-Stack Upper Byte (TOS<20:16>) ---0 0000 285, 30 TOSH Top-of-Stack, High Byte (TOS<15:8>) 0000 0000 285, 30 TOSL Top-of-Stack, Low Byte (TOS<7:0>) 0000 0000 285, 30 STKPTR STKFUL STKUNF — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 00-0 0000 285, 31 PCLATU — — — Holding Register for PC<20:16> ---0 0000 285, 30 PCLATH Holding Register for PC<15:8> 0000 0000 285, 30 PCL PC, Low Byte (PC<7:0>) 0000 0000 285, 30 TBLPTRU — — — Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>) ---0 0000 285, 54 TBLPTRH Program Memory Table Pointer, High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 0000 0000 285, 54 TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer, Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 0000 0000 285, 54 TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 0000 0000 285, 54 PRODH Product Register, High Byte xxxx xxxx 285, 65 PRODL Product Register, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 285, 65 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 0000 000x 285, 70 INTCON2 RABPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 — TMR0IP — RABIP 1111 -1-1 285, 71 INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP — INT2IE INT1IE — INT2IF INT1IF 11-0 0-00 285, 72 INDF0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 POSTINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 POSTDEC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 PREINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 PLUSW0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) – value of FSR0 offset by W N/A 285, 47 FSR0H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0, High Byte ---- 0000 285, 47 FSR0L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 285, 47 WREG Working Register xxxx xxxx 285 INDF1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 POSTINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 POSTDEC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 PREINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 285, 47 PLUSW1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) – value of FSR1 offset by W N/A 285, 47 FSR1H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1, High Byte ---- 0000 286, 47 FSR1L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 286, 47 BSR — — — — Bank Select Register ---- 0000 286, 35 INDF2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 286, 47 POSTINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 286, 47 POSTDEC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 286, 47 PREINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 286, 47 PLUSW2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) – value of FSR2 offset by W N/A 286, 47 FSR2H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2, High Byte ---- 0000 286, 47 FSR2L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 286, 47 STATUS — — — N OV Z DC C ---x xxxx 286, 45 Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition Note 1: The SBOREN bit is only available when the BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01; otherwise it is disabled and reads as ‘0’. See Section 23.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)”. 2: The RA3 bit is only available when Master Clear Reset is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). Otherwise, RA3 reads as ‘0’. This bit is read-only. 3: Bits RA0 and RA1 are available only when USB is disabled. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 42 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TMR0H Timer0 Register, High Byte 0000 0000 286, 103 TMR0L Timer0 Register, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 286, 103 T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 1111 1111 286, 101 OSCCON IDLEN IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0 OSTS IOSF SCS1 SCS0 0011 qq00 286, 20 OSCCON2 — — — — — PRI_SD HFIOFL LFIOFS ---- -10x 286, 21 WDTCON — — — — — — — SWDTEN --- ---0 286, 303 RCON IPEN SBOREN(1) — RI TO PD POR BOR 0q-1 11q0 277, 284, 79 TMR1H Timer1 Register, High Byte xxxx xxxx 286, 110 TMR1L Timer1 Register, Low Bytes xxxx xxxx 286, 110 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 0000 0000 286, 105 TMR2 Timer2 Register 0000 0000 286, 112 PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 286, 112 T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 286, 111 SSPBUF SSP Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 286, 143, 144 SSPADD SSP Address Register in I2C™ Slave Mode. SSP Baud Rate Reload Register in I2C Master Mode. 0000 0000 286, 144 SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 286, 137, 146 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 286, 137, 146 SSPCON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 0000 0000 286, 147 ADRESH A/D Result Register, High Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 221 ADRESL A/D Result Register, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 221 ADCON0 — — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON --00 0000 287, 215 ADCON1 — — — — PVCFG1 PVCFG0 NVCFG1 NVCFG0 ---- 0000 287, 216 ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 0-00 0000 287, 217 CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, High Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 138 CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 138 CCP1CON P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 0000 0000 287, 117 REFCON2 — — — DAC1R4 DAC1R3 DAC1R2 DAC1R1 DAC1R0 ---0 0000 287, 248 REFCON1 D1EN D1LPS DAC1OE --- D1PSS1 D1PSS0 — D1NSS 000- 00-0 287, 248 REFCON0 FVR1EN FVR1ST FVR1S1 FVR1S0 — — — — 0001 00-- 287, 247 PSTRCON — — — STRSYNC STRD STRC STRB STRA ---0 0001 287, 134 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 0100 0-00 287, 192 PWM1CON PRSEN PDC6 PDC5 PDC4 PDC3 PDC2 PDC1 PDC0 0000 0000 287, 133 ECCP1AS ECCPASE ECCPAS2 ECCPAS1 ECCPAS0 PSSAC1 PSSAC0 PSSBD1 PSSBD0 0000 0000 287, 129 TMR3H Timer3 Register, High Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 115 TMR3L Timer3 Register, Low Byte xxxx xxxx 287, 115 T3CON RD16 — T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 0-00 0000 287, 113 TABLE 3-2: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F/LF1XK50) (CONTINUED) File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Details on page: Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition Note 1: The SBOREN bit is only available when the BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01; otherwise it is disabled and reads as ‘0’. See Section 23.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)”. 2: The RA3 bit is only available when Master Clear Reset is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). Otherwise, RA3 reads as ‘0’. This bit is read-only. 3: Bits RA0 and RA1 are available only when USB is disabled.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 43 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 0000 0000 287, 181 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 0000 0000 287, 181 RCREG EUSART Receive Register 0000 0000 287, 182 TXREG EUSART Transmit Register 0000 0000 287, 181 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 0010 287, 190 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 287, 191 EEADR EEADR7 EEADR6 EEADR5 EEADR4 EEADR3 EEADR2 EEADR1 EEADR0 0000 0000 287, 52, 61 EEDATA EEPROM Data Register 0000 0000 287, 52, 61 EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 0000 0000 287, 52, 61 EECON1 EEPGD CFGS — FREE WRERR WREN WR RD xx-0 x000 287, 53, 61 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP – 1111 111- 288, 78 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF – 0000 000- 288, 74 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE – 0000 000- 288, 76 IPR1 – ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP -111 1111 288, 77 PIR1 – ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -000 0000 288, 73 PIE1 – ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -000 0000 288, 75 OSCTUNE INTSRC SPLLEN TUN5 TUN4 TUN3 TUN2 TUN1 TUN0 0000 0000 22, 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 1111 1111 288, 94 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 – – – – 1111 ---- 288, 89 TRISA – – TRISA5 TRISA4 – – – – --11 ---- 288, 83 LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 xxxx xxxx 288, 94 LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 – – – – xxxx ---- 288, 89 LATA – – LATA5 LATA4 – – – – --xx ---- 288, 83 PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx 288, 94 PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 – – – – xxxx ---- 288, 89 PORTA – – RA5 RA4 RA3(2) – RA1(3) RA0(3) --xx x-xx 288, 83 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 ---- 1111 288, 99 ANSEL ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — 1111 1--- 288, 98 IOCB IOCB7 IOCB6 IOCB5 IOCB4 — — — — 0000 ---- 288, 89 IOCA — — IOCA5 IOCA4 IOCA3 — IOCA1 IOCA0 --00 0-00 288, 83 WPUB WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 — — — — 1111 ---- 288, 89 WPUA — — WPUA5 WPUA4 WPUA3 — — — --11 1--- 285, 89 SLRCON — — — — — SLRC SLRB SLRA ---- -111 288, 100 SSPMSK MSK7 MSK6 MSK5 MSK4 MSK3 MSK2 MSK1 MSK0 1111 1111 288, 154 CM1CON0 C1ON C1OUT C1OE C1POL C1SP C1R C1CH1 C1CH0 0000 1000 288, 229 CM2CON1 MC1OUT MC2OUT C1RSEL C2RSEL C1HYS C2HYS C1SYNC C2SYNC 0000 0000 288, 230 CM2CON0 C2ON C2OUT C2OE C2POL C2SP C2R C2CH1 C2CH0 0000 1000 288, 230 SRCON1 SRSPE SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E SRRPE SRRCKE SRRC2E SRRC1E 0000 0000 288, 243 SRCON0 SRLEN SRCLK2 SRCLK1 SRCLK0 SRQEN SRNQEN SRPS SRPR 0000 0000 288, 242 UCON — PPBRST SE0 PKTDIS USBEN RESUME SUSPND — -0x0 000- 288, 252 TABLE 3-2: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F/LF1XK50) (CONTINUED) File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Details on page: Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition Note 1: The SBOREN bit is only available when the BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01; otherwise it is disabled and reads as ‘0’. See Section 23.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)”. 2: The RA3 bit is only available when Master Clear Reset is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). Otherwise, RA3 reads as ‘0’. This bit is read-only. 3: Bits RA0 and RA1 are available only when USB is disabled. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 44 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. USTAT — ENDP3 ENDP2 ENDP1 ENDP0 DIR PPBI — -xxx xxx- 289, 256 UIR — SOFIF STALLIF IDLEIF TRNIF ACTVIF UERRIF URSTIF -000 0000 289, 266 UCFG UTEYE — — UPUEN — FSEN PPB1 PPB0 0--0 -000 289, 254 UIE — SOFIE STALLIE IDLEIE TRNIE ACTVIE UERRIE URSTIE -000 0000 289, 268 UEIR BTSEF — — BTOEF DFN8EF CRC16EF CRC5EF PIDEF 0--0 0000 289, 269 UFRMH — — — — — FRM10 FRM9 FRM8 ---- -xxx 289, 252 UFRML FRM7 FRM6 FRM5 FRM4 FRM3 FRM2 FRM1 FRM0 xxxx xxxx 289, 252 UADDR — ADDR6 ADDR5 ADDR4 ADDR3 ADDR2 ADDR1 ADDR0 -000 0000 289, 258 UEIE BTSEE — — BTOEE DFN8EE CRC16EE CRC5EE PIDEE 0--0 0000 289, 270 UEP7 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP6 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP5 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP4 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP3 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP2 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP1 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 289, 257 UEP0 – – – EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL ---0 0000 285, 257 TABLE 3-2: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F/LF1XK50) (CONTINUED) File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Details on page: Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition Note 1: The SBOREN bit is only available when the BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01; otherwise it is disabled and reads as ‘0’. See Section 23.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)”. 2: The RA3 bit is only available when Master Clear Reset is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). Otherwise, RA3 reads as ‘0’. This bit is read-only. 3: Bits RA0 and RA1 are available only when USB is disabled.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 45 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.3.6 STATUS REGISTER The STATUS register, shown in Register 3-2, contains the arithmetic status of the ALU. As with any other SFR, it can be the operand for any instruction. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits, the results of the instruction are not written; instead, the STATUS register is updated according to the instruction performed. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as its destination may be different than intended. As an example, CLRF STATUS will set the Z bit and leave the remaining Status bits unchanged (‘000u u1uu’). It is recommended that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF, MOVFF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because these instructions do not affect the Z, C, DC, OV or N bits in the STATUS register. For other instructions that do not affect Status bits, see the instruction set summaries in Table 25-2 and Table 25-3. Note: The C and DC bits operate as the borrow and digit borrow bits, respectively, in subtraction. REGISTER 3-2: STATUS: STATUS REGISTER U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x — — — N OV Z DC(1) C(1) bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 N: Negative bit This bit is used for signed arithmetic (two’s complement). It indicates whether the result was negative (ALU MSB = 1). 1 = Result was negative 0 = Result was positive bit 3 OV: Overflow bit This bit is used for signed arithmetic (two’s complement). It indicates an overflow of the 7-bit magnitude which causes the sign bit (bit 7 of the result) to change state. 1 = Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation) 0 = No overflow occurred bit 2 Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero bit 1 DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)(1) 1 = A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result bit 0 C: Carry/Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions)(1) 1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred Note 1: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high-order or low-order bit of the source register. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 46 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 3.4 Data Addressing Modes While the program memory can be addressed in only one way – through the program counter – information in the data memory space can be addressed in several ways. For most instructions, the addressing mode is fixed. Other instructions may use up to three modes, depending on which operands are used and whether or not the extended instruction set is enabled. The addressing modes are: • Inherent • Literal • Direct • Indirect An additional addressing mode, Indexed Literal Offset, is available when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). Its operation is discussed in greater detail in Section 3.5.1 “Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset”. 3.4.1 INHERENT AND LITERAL ADDRESSING Many PIC18 control instructions do not need any argument at all; they either perform an operation that globally affects the device or they operate implicitly on one register. This addressing mode is known as Inherent Addressing. Examples include SLEEP, RESET and DAW. Other instructions work in a similar way but require an additional explicit argument in the opcode. This is known as Literal Addressing mode because they require some literal value as an argument. Examples include ADDLW and MOVLW, which respectively, add or move a literal value to the W register. Other examples include CALL and GOTO, which include a 20-bit program memory address. 3.4.2 DIRECT ADDRESSING Direct addressing specifies all or part of the source and/or destination address of the operation within the opcode itself. The options are specified by the arguments accompanying the instruction. In the core PIC18 instruction set, bit-oriented and byteoriented instructions use some version of direct addressing by default. All of these instructions include some 8-bit literal address as their Least Significant Byte. This address specifies either a register address in one of the banks of data RAM (Section 3.3.4 “General Purpose Register File”) or a location in the Access Bank (Section 3.3.3 “Access Bank”) as the data source for the instruction. The Access RAM bit ‘a’ determines how the address is interpreted. When ‘a’ is ‘1’, the contents of the BSR (Section 3.3.2 “Bank Select Register (BSR)”) are used with the address to determine the complete 12-bit address of the register. When ‘a’ is ‘0’, the address is interpreted as being a register in the Access Bank. Addressing that uses the Access RAM is sometimes also known as Direct Forced Addressing mode. A few instructions, such as MOVFF, include the entire 12-bit address (either source or destination) in their opcodes. In these cases, the BSR is ignored entirely. The destination of the operation’s results is determined by the destination bit ‘d’. When ‘d’ is ‘1’, the results are stored back in the source register, overwriting its original contents. When ‘d’ is ‘0’, the results are stored in the W register. Instructions without the ‘d’ argument have a destination that is implicit in the instruction; their destination is either the target register being operated on or the W register. 3.4.3 INDIRECT ADDRESSING Indirect addressing allows the user to access a location in data memory without giving a fixed address in the instruction. This is done by using File Select Registers (FSRs) as pointers to the locations which are to be read or written. Since the FSRs are themselves located in RAM as Special File Registers, they can also be directly manipulated under program control. This makes FSRs very useful in implementing data structures, such as tables and arrays in data memory. The registers for indirect addressing are also implemented with Indirect File Operands (INDFs) that permit automatic manipulation of the pointer value with auto-incrementing, auto-decrementing or offsetting with another value. This allows for efficient code, using loops, such as the example of clearing an entire RAM bank in Example 3-5. EXAMPLE 3-5: HOW TO CLEAR RAM (BANK 1) USING INDIRECT ADDRESSING Note: The execution of some instructions in the core PIC18 instruction set are changed when the PIC18 extended instruction set is enabled. See Section 3.5 “Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set” for more information. LFSR FSR0, 100h ; NEXT CLRF POSTINC0 ; Clear INDF ; register then ; inc pointer BTFSS FSR0H, 1 ; All done with ; Bank1? BRA NEXT ; NO, clear next CONTINUE ; YES, continue  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 47 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 3.4.3.1 FSR Registers and the INDF Operand At the core of indirect addressing are three sets of registers: FSR0, FSR1 and FSR2. Each represents a pair of 8-bit registers, FSRnH and FSRnL. Each FSR pair holds a 12-bit value, therefore the four upper bits of the FSRnH register are not used. The 12-bit FSR value can address the entire range of the data memory in a linear fashion. The FSR register pairs, then, serve as pointers to data memory locations. Indirect addressing is accomplished with a set of Indirect File Operands, INDF0 through INDF2. These can be thought of as “virtual” registers: they are mapped in the SFR space but are not physically implemented. Reading or writing to a particular INDF register actually accesses its corresponding FSR register pair. A read from INDF1, for example, reads the data at the address indicated by FSR1H:FSR1L. Instructions that use the INDF registers as operands actually use the contents of their corresponding FSR as a pointer to the instruction’s target. The INDF operand is just a convenient way of using the pointer. Because indirect addressing uses a full 12-bit address, data RAM banking is not necessary. Thus, the current contents of the BSR and the Access RAM bit have no effect on determining the target address. 3.4.3.2 FSR Registers and POSTINC, POSTDEC, PREINC and PLUSW In addition to the INDF operand, each FSR register pair also has four additional indirect operands. Like INDF, these are “virtual” registers which cannot be directly read or written. Accessing these registers actually accesses the location to which the associated FSR register pair points, and also performs a specific action on the FSR value. They are: • POSTDEC: accesses the location to which the FSR points, then automatically decrements the FSR by 1 afterwards • POSTINC: accesses the location to which the FSR points, then automatically increments the FSR by 1 afterwards • PREINC: automatically increments the FSR by 1, then uses the location to which the FSR points in the operation • PLUSW: adds the signed value of the W register (range of -127 to 128) to that of the FSR and uses the location to which the result points in the operation. In this context, accessing an INDF register uses the value in the associated FSR register without changing it. Similarly, accessing a PLUSW register gives the FSR value an offset by that in the W register; however, neither W nor the FSR is actually changed in the operation. Accessing the other virtual registers changes the value of the FSR register. FIGURE 3-8: INDIRECT ADDRESSING FSR1H:FSR1L 7 0 Data Memory 000h 100h 200h 300h F00h E00h FFFh Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 14 Bank 15 Bank 3 through Bank 13 ADDWF, INDF1, 1 7 0 Using an instruction with one of the indirect addressing registers as the operand.... ...uses the 12-bit address stored in the FSR pair associated with that register.... ...to determine the data memory location to be used in that operation. In this case, the FSR1 pair contains ECCh. This means the contents of location ECCh will be added to that of the W register and stored back in ECCh. x x x x 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 48 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Operations on the FSRs with POSTDEC, POSTINC and PREINC affect the entire register pair; that is, rollovers of the FSRnL register from FFh to 00h carry over to the FSRnH register. On the other hand, results of these operations do not change the value of any flags in the STATUS register (e.g., Z, N, OV, etc.). The PLUSW register can be used to implement a form of indexed addressing in the data memory space. By manipulating the value in the W register, users can reach addresses that are fixed offsets from pointer addresses. In some applications, this can be used to implement some powerful program control structure, such as software stacks, inside of data memory. 3.4.3.3 Operations by FSRs on FSRs Indirect addressing operations that target other FSRs or virtual registers represent special cases. For example, using an FSR to point to one of the virtual registers will not result in successful operations. As a specific case, assume that FSR0H:FSR0L contains FE7h, the address of INDF1. Attempts to read the value of the INDF1 using INDF0 as an operand will return 00h. Attempts to write to INDF1 using INDF0 as the operand will result in a NOP. On the other hand, using the virtual registers to write to an FSR pair may not occur as planned. In these cases, the value will be written to the FSR pair but without any incrementing or decrementing. Thus, writing to either the INDF2 or POSTDEC2 register will write the same value to the FSR2H:FSR2L. Since the FSRs are physical registers mapped in the SFR space, they can be manipulated through all direct operations. Users should proceed cautiously when working on these registers, particularly if their code uses indirect addressing. Similarly, operations by indirect addressing are generally permitted on all other SFRs. Users should exercise the appropriate caution that they do not inadvertently change settings that might affect the operation of the device. 3.5 Data Memory and the Extended Instruction Set Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set (XINST Configuration bit = 1) significantly changes certain aspects of data memory and its addressing. Specifically, the use of the Access Bank for many of the core PIC18 instructions is different; this is due to the introduction of a new addressing mode for the data memory space. What does not change is just as important. The size of the data memory space is unchanged, as well as its linear addressing. The SFR map remains the same. Core PIC18 instructions can still operate in both Direct and Indirect Addressing mode; inherent and literal instructions do not change at all. Indirect addressing with FSR0 and FSR1 also remain unchanged. 3.5.1 INDEXED ADDRESSING WITH LITERAL OFFSET Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set changes the behavior of indirect addressing using the FSR2 register pair within Access RAM. Under the proper conditions, instructions that use the Access Bank – that is, most bit-oriented and byte-oriented instructions – can invoke a form of indexed addressing using an offset specified in the instruction. This special addressing mode is known as Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset, or Indexed Literal Offset mode. When using the extended instruction set, this addressing mode requires the following: • The use of the Access Bank is forced (‘a’ = 0) and • The file address argument is less than or equal to 5Fh. Under these conditions, the file address of the instruction is not interpreted as the lower byte of an address (used with the BSR in direct addressing), or as an 8-bit address in the Access Bank. Instead, the value is interpreted as an offset value to an Address Pointer, specified by FSR2. The offset and the contents of FSR2 are added to obtain the target address of the operation. 3.5.2 INSTRUCTIONS AFFECTED BY INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE Any of the core PIC18 instructions that can use direct addressing are potentially affected by the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode. This includes all byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions, or almost one-half of the standard PIC18 instruction set. Instructions that only use Inherent or Literal Addressing modes are unaffected. Additionally, byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions are not affected if they do not use the Access Bank (Access RAM bit is ‘1’), or include a file address of 60h or above. Instructions meeting these criteria will continue to execute as before. A comparison of the different possible addressing modes when the extended instruction set is enabled is shown in Figure 3-9. Those who desire to use byte-oriented or bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset mode should note the changes to assembler syntax for this mode. This is described in more detail in Section 25.2.1 “Extended Instruction Syntax”.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 49 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 FIGURE 3-9: COMPARING ADDRESSING OPTIONS FOR BIT-ORIENTED AND BYTE-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS (EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET ENABLED) EXAMPLE INSTRUCTION: ADDWF, f, d, a (Opcode: 0010 01da ffff ffff) When ‘a’ = 0 and f  60h: The instruction executes in Direct Forced mode. ‘f’ is interpreted as a location in the Access RAM between 060h and 0FFh. This is the same as locations F60h to FFFh (Bank 15) of data memory. Locations below 60h are not available in this addressing mode. When ‘a’ = 0 and f5Fh: The instruction executes in Indexed Literal Offset mode. ‘f’ is interpreted as an offset to the address value in FSR2. The two are added together to obtain the address of the target register for the instruction. The address can be anywhere in the data memory space. Note that in this mode, the correct syntax is now: ADDWF [k], d where ‘k’ is the same as ‘f’. When ‘a’ = 1 (all values of f): The instruction executes in Direct mode (also known as Direct Long mode). ‘f’ is interpreted as a location in one of the 16 banks of the data memory space. The bank is designated by the Bank Select Register (BSR). The address can be in any implemented bank in the data memory space. 000h 060h 100h F00h F60h FFFh Valid range 00h 60h FFh Data Memory Access RAM Bank 0 Bank 1 through Bank 14 Bank 15 SFRs 000h 060h 100h F00h F60h FFFh Data Memory Bank 0 Bank 1 through Bank 14 Bank 15 SFRs FSR2H FSR2L 001001da ffffffff 001001da ffffffff 000h 060h 100h F00h F60h FFFh Data Memory Bank 0 Bank 1 through Bank 14 Bank 15 SFRs for ‘f’ BSR 00000000 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 50 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 3.5.3 MAPPING THE ACCESS BANK IN INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE The use of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode effectively changes how the first 96 locations of Access RAM (00h to 5Fh) are mapped. Rather than containing just the contents of the bottom section of Bank 0, this mode maps the contents from a user defined “window” that can be located anywhere in the data memory space. The value of FSR2 establishes the lower boundary of the addresses mapped into the window, while the upper boundary is defined by FSR2 plus 95 (5Fh). Addresses in the Access RAM above 5Fh are mapped as previously described (see Section 3.3.3 “Access Bank”). An example of Access Bank remapping in this addressing mode is shown in Figure 3-10. Remapping of the Access Bank applies only to operations using the Indexed Literal Offset mode. Operations that use the BSR (Access RAM bit is ‘1’) will continue to use direct addressing as before. 3.6 PIC18 Instruction Execution and the Extended Instruction Set Enabling the extended instruction set adds eight additional commands to the existing PIC18 instruction set. These instructions are executed as described in Section 25.2 “Extended Instruction Set”. FIGURE 3-10: REMAPPING THE ACCESS BANK WITH INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET ADDRESSING Data Memory 000h 100h 200h F60h F00h FFFh Bank 1 Bank 15 Bank 2 through Bank 14 SFRs ADDWF f, d, a FSR2H:FSR2L = 120h Locations in the region from the FSR2 pointer (120h) to the pointer plus 05Fh (17Fh) are mapped to the bottom of the Access RAM (000h-05Fh). Special File Registers at F60h through FFFh are mapped to 60h through FFh, as usual. Bank 0 addresses below 5Fh can still be addressed by using the BSR. Access Bank 00h 60h FFh SFRs Bank 1 “Window” Bank 0 Window Example Situation: 120h 17Fh 5Fh Bank 1  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 51 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 4.0 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY The Flash program memory is readable, writable and erasable during normal operation over the entire VDD range. A read from program memory is executed one byte at a time. A write to program memory is executed on blocks of 16 or 8 bytes at a time depending on the specific device (See Table 4-1). Program memory is erased in blocks of 64 bytes at a time. The difference between the write and erase block sizes requires from 1 to 8 block writes to restore the contents of a single block erase. A bulk erase operation can not be issued from user code. TABLE 4-1: WRITE/ERASE BLOCK SIZES Writing or erasing program memory will cease instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The program memory cannot be accessed during the write or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal programming timer terminates program memory writes and erases. A value written to program memory does not need to be a valid instruction. Executing a program memory location that forms an invalid instruction results in a NOP. 4.1 Table Reads and Table Writes In order to read and write program memory, there are two operations that allow the processor to move bytes between the program memory space and the data RAM: • Table Read (TBLRD) • Table Write (TBLWT) The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the data RAM space is 8 bits wide. Table reads and table writes move data between these two memory spaces through an 8-bit register (TABLAT). The table read operation retrieves one byte of data directly from program memory and places it into the TABLAT register. Figure 4-1 shows the operation of a table read. The table write operation stores one byte of data from the TABLAT register into a write block holding register. The procedure to write the contents of the holding registers into program memory is detailed in Section 4.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”. Figure 4-2 shows the operation of a table write with program memory and data RAM. Table operations work with byte entities. Tables containing data, rather than program instructions, are not required to be word aligned. Therefore, a table can start and end at any byte address. If a table write is being used to write executable code into program memory, program instructions will need to be word aligned. FIGURE 4-1: TABLE READ OPERATION Device Write Block Size (bytes) Erase Block Size (bytes) PIC18F13K50 8 64 PIC18F14K50 16 64 Table Pointer(1) Table Latch (8-bit) Program Memory TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT TBLPTRU Instruction: TBLRD* Note 1: Table Pointer register points to a byte in program memory. Program Memory (TBLPTR) PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 52 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 4-2: TABLE WRITE OPERATION 4.2 Control Registers Several control registers are used in conjunction with the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These include the: • EECON1 register • EECON2 register • TABLAT register • TBLPTR registers 4.2.1 EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS The EECON1 register (Register 4-1) is the control register for memory accesses. The EECON2 register is not a physical register; it is used exclusively in the memory write and erase sequences. Reading EECON2 will read all ‘0’s. The EEPGD control bit determines if the access will be a program or data EEPROM memory access. When EEPGD is clear, any subsequent operations will operate on the data EEPROM memory. When EEPGD is set, any subsequent operations will operate on the program memory. The CFGS control bit determines if the access will be to the Configuration/Calibration registers or to program memory/data EEPROM memory. When CFGS is set, subsequent operations will operate on Configuration registers regardless of EEPGD (see Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”). When CFGS is clear, memory selection access is determined by EEPGD. The FREE bit allows the program memory erase operation. When FREE is set, an erase operation is initiated on the next WR command. When FREE is clear, only writes are enabled. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. The WREN bit is clear on power-up. The WRERR bit is set by hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared when the internal programming timer expires and the write operation is complete. The WR control bit initiates write operations. The WR bit cannot be cleared, only set, by firmware. Then WR bit is cleared by hardware at the completion of the write operation. Table Pointer(1) Table Latch (8-bit) TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT Program Memory (TBLPTR) TBLPTRU Instruction: TBLWT* Note 1: During table writes the Table Pointer does not point directly to Program Memory. The LSBs of TBLPRTL actually point to an address within the write block holding registers. The MSBs of the Table Pointer determine where the write block will eventually be written. The process for writing the holding registers to the program memory array is discussed in Section 4.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”. Program Memory Holding Registers Note: During normal operation, the WRERR is read as ‘1’. This can indicate that a write operation was prematurely terminated by a Reset, or a write operation was attempted improperly. Note: The EEIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR2 register is set when the write is complete. The EEIF flag stays set until cleared by firmware.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 53 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 REGISTER 4-1: EECON1: DATA EEPROM CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x U-0 R/W-0 R/W-x R/W-0 R/S-0 R/S-0 EEPGD CFGS — FREE WRERR WREN WR RD bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit S = Bit can be set by software, but not cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 EEPGD: Flash Program or Data EEPROM Memory Select bit 1 = Access Flash program memory 0 = Access data EEPROM memory bit 6 CFGS: Flash Program/Data EEPROM or Configuration Select bit 1 = Access Configuration registers 0 = Access Flash program or data EEPROM memory bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 FREE: Flash Row (Block) Erase Enable bit 1 = Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by completion of erase operation) 0 = Perform write-only bit 3 WRERR: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Error Flag bit(1) 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal operation, or an improper write attempt) 0 = The write operation completed bit 2 WREN: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM 0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM bit 1 WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a data EEPROM erase/write cycle or a program memory erase cycle or write cycle. (The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) by software.) 0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete bit 0 RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared by hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared) by software. RD bit cannot be set when EEPGD = 1 or CFGS = 1.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read Note 1: When a WRERR occurs, the EEPGD and CFGS bits are not cleared. This allows tracing of the error condition. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 54 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 4.2.2 TABLAT – TABLE LATCH REGISTER The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped into the SFR space. The Table Latch register is used to hold 8-bit data during data transfers between program memory and data RAM. 4.2.3 TBLPTR – TABLE POINTER REGISTER The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register addresses a byte within the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised of three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three registers join to form a 22-bit wide pointer. The low-order 21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of program memory space. The 22nd bit allows access to the device ID, the user ID and the Configuration bits. The Table Pointer register, TBLPTR, is used by the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These instructions can update the TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the table operation. These operations are shown in Table 4-2. These operations on the TBLPTR affect only the low-order 21 bits. 4.2.4 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the Flash program memory. When a TBLRD is executed, all 22 bits of the TBLPTR determine which byte is read from program memory directly into the TABLAT register. When a TBLWT is executed the byte in the TABLAT register is written, not to Flash memory but, to a holding register in preparation for a program memory write. The holding registers constitute a write block which varies depending on the device (See Table 4-1).The 3, 4, or 5 LSbs of the TBLPTRL register determine which specific address within the holding register block is written to. The MSBs of the Table Pointer have no effect during TBLWT operations. When a program memory write is executed the entire holding register block is written to the Flash memory at the address determined by the MSbs of the TBLPTR. The 3, 4, or 5 LSBs are ignored during Flash memory writes. For more detail, see Section 4.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”. When an erase of program memory is executed, the 16 MSbs of the Table Pointer register (TBLPTR<21:6>) point to the 64-byte block that will be erased. The Least Significant bits (TBLPTR<5:0>) are ignored. Figure 4-3 describes the relevant boundaries of TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations. TABLE 4-2: TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS FIGURE 4-3: TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION Example Operation on Table Pointer TBLRD* TBLWT* TBLPTR is not modified TBLRD*+ TBLWT*+ TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write TBLRD*- TBLWT*- TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write TBLRD+* TBLWT+* TBLPTR is incremented before the read/write 21 16 15 8 7 0 TABLE ERASE/WRITE TABLE WRITE TABLE READ – TBLPTR<21:0> TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TBLPTR<21:n+1>(1) TBLPTR(1) Note 1: n = 3, 4, 5, or 6 for block sizes of 8, 16, 32 or 64 bytes, respectively.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 55 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 4.3 Reading the Flash Program Memory The TBLRD instruction retrieves data from program memory and places it into data RAM. Table reads from program memory are performed one byte at a time. TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space. Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified automatically for the next table read operation. The internal program memory is typically organized by words. The Least Significant bit of the address selects between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 4-4 shows the interface between the internal program memory and the TABLAT. FIGURE 4-4: READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY EXAMPLE 4-1: READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD (Even Byte Address) Program Memory (Odd Byte Address) TBLRD TABLAT TBLPTR = xxxxx1 FETCH Instruction Register (IR) Read Register TBLPTR = xxxxx0 MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the word MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH MOVWF TBLPTRH MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW MOVWF TBLPTRL READ_WORD TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment MOVF TABLAT, W ; get data MOVWF WORD_EVEN TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment MOVFW TABLAT, W ; get data MOVF WORD_ODD PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 56 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 4.4 Erasing Flash Program Memory The minimum erase block is 32 words or 64 bytes. Only through the use of an external programmer, or through ICSP™ control, can larger blocks of program memory be bulk erased. Word erase in the Flash array is not supported. When initiating an erase sequence from the Microcontroller itself, a block of 64 bytes of program memory is erased. The Most Significant 16 bits of the TBLPTR<21:6> point to the block being erased. The TBLPTR<5:0> bits are ignored. The EECON1 register commands the erase operation. The EEPGD bit must be set to point to the Flash program memory. The WREN bit must be set to enable write operations. The FREE bit is set to select an erase operation. The write initiate sequence for EECON2, shown as steps 4 through 6 in Section 4.4.1 “Flash Program Memory Erase Sequence”, is used to guard against accidental writes. This is sometimes referred to as a long write. A long write is necessary for erasing the internal Flash. Instruction execution is halted during the long write cycle. The long write is terminated by the internal programming timer. 4.4.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY ERASE SEQUENCE The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal program memory is: 1. Load Table Pointer register with address of block being erased. 2. Set the EECON1 register for the erase operation: • set EEPGD bit to point to program memory; • clear the CFGS bit to access program memory; • set WREN bit to enable writes; • set FREE bit to enable the erase. 3. Disable interrupts. 4. Write 55h to EECON2. 5. Write 0AAh to EECON2. 6. Set the WR bit. This will begin the block erase cycle. 7. The CPU will stall for duration of the erase (about 2 ms using internal timer). 8. Re-enable interrupts. EXAMPLE 4-2: ERASING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY BLOCK MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; load TBLPTR with the base MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH MOVWF TBLPTRH MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW MOVWF TBLPTRL ERASE_BLOCK BSF EECON1, EEPGD ; point to Flash program memory BCF EECON1, CFGS ; access Flash program memory BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable block Erase operation BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts Required MOVLW 55h Sequence MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h MOVLW 0AAh MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall) BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 57 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 4.5 Writing to Flash Program Memory The programming block size is 8 or 16 bytes, depending on the device (See Table 4-1). Word or byte programming is not supported. Table writes are used internally to load the holding registers needed to program the Flash memory. There are only as many holding registers as there are bytes in a write block (See Table 4-1). Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte, the TBLWT instruction may need to be executed 8, or 16 times, depending on the device, for each programming operation. All of the table write operations will essentially be short writes because only the holding registers are written. After all the holding registers have been written, the programming operation of that block of memory is started by configuring the EECON1 register for a program memory write and performing the long write sequence. The long write is necessary for programming the internal Flash. Instruction execution is halted during a long write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the internal programming timer. The EEPROM on-chip timer controls the write time. The write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range of the device. FIGURE 4-5: TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY 4.5.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE SEQUENCE The sequence of events for programming an internal program memory location should be: 1. Read 64 bytes into RAM. 2. Update data values in RAM as necessary. 3. Load Table Pointer register with address being erased. 4. Execute the block erase procedure. 5. Load Table Pointer register with address of first byte being written. 6. Write the 8 or 16-byte block into the holding registers with auto-increment. 7. Set the EECON1 register for the write operation: • set EEPGD bit to point to program memory; • clear the CFGS bit to access program memory; • set WREN to enable byte writes. 8. Disable interrupts. 9. Write 55h to EECON2. 10. Write 0AAh to EECON2. 11. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle. 12. The CPU will stall for duration of the write (about 2 ms using internal timer). 13. Re-enable interrupts. 14. Repeat steps 6 to 13 for each block until all 64 bytes are written. 15. Verify the memory (table read). This procedure will require about 6 ms to update each write block of memory. An example of the required code is given in Example 4-3. Note: The default value of the holding registers on device Resets and after write operations is FFh. A write of FFh to a holding register does not modify that byte. This means that individual bytes of program memory may be modified, provided that the change does not attempt to change any bit from a ‘0’ to a ‘1’. When modifying individual bytes, it is not necessary to load all holding registers before executing a long write operation. TABLAT TBLPTR = xxxx00 TBLPTR = xxxx01 TBLPTR = xxxxYY(1) Write Register TBLPTR = xxxx02 Program Memory Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register 8 8 8 8 Note 1: YY = x7, xF, or 1F for 8, 16 or 32 byte write blocks, respectively. Note: Before setting the WR bit, the Table Pointer address needs to be within the intended address range of the bytes in the holding registers. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 58 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. EXAMPLE 4-3: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY MOVLW D'64’ ; number of bytes in erase block MOVWF COUNTER MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH ; point to buffer MOVWF FSR0H MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_LOW MOVWF FSR0L MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH MOVWF TBLPTRH MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW MOVWF TBLPTRL READ_BLOCK TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT, and inc MOVF TABLAT, W ; get data MOVWF POSTINC0 ; store data DECFSZ COUNTER ; done? BRA READ_BLOCK ; repeat MODIFY_WORD MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH ; point to buffer MOVWF FSR0H MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_LOW MOVWF FSR0L MOVLW NEW_DATA_LOW ; update buffer word MOVWF POSTINC0 MOVLW NEW_DATA_HIGH MOVWF INDF0 ERASE_BLOCK MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; load TBLPTR with the base MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH MOVWF TBLPTRH MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW MOVWF TBLPTRL BSF EECON1, EEPGD ; point to Flash program memory BCF EECON1, CFGS ; access Flash program memory BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable Erase operation BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts MOVLW 55h Required MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h Sequence MOVLW 0AAh MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall) BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts TBLRD*- ; dummy read decrement MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH ; point to buffer MOVWF FSR0H MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_LOW MOVWF FSR0L WRITE_BUFFER_BACK MOVLW BlockSize ; number of bytes in holding register MOVWF COUNTER MOVLW D’64’/BlockSize ; number of write blocks in 64 bytes MOVWF COUNTER2 WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS MOVF POSTINC0, W ; get low byte of buffer data MOVWF TABLAT ; present data to table latch TBLWT+* ; write data, perform a short write ; to internal TBLWT holding register.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 59 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 EXAMPLE 4-3: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY (CONTINUED) 4.5.2 WRITE VERIFY Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the memory should be verified against the original value. This should be used in applications where excessive writes can stress bits near the specification limit. 4.5.3 UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF WRITE OPERATION If a write is terminated by an unplanned event, such as loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory location just programmed should be verified and reprogrammed if needed. If the write operation is interrupted by a MCLR Reset or a WDT Time-out Reset during normal operation, the WRERR bit will be set which the user can check to decide whether a rewrite of the location(s) is needed. 4.5.4 PROTECTION AGAINST SPURIOUS WRITES To protect against spurious writes to Flash program memory, the write initiate sequence must also be followed. See Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU” for more detail. 4.6 Flash Program Operation During Code Protection See Section 24.3 “Program Verification and Code Protection” for details on code protection of Flash program memory. TABLE 4-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY DECFSZ COUNTER ; loop until holding registers are full BRA WRITE_WORD_TO_HREGS PROGRAM_MEMORY BSF EECON1, EEPGD ; point to Flash program memory BCF EECON1, CFGS ; access Flash program memory BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts MOVLW 55h Required MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h Sequence MOVLW 0AAh MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh BSF EECON1, WR ; start program (CPU stall) DCFSZ COUNTER2 ; repeat for remaining write blocks BRA WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS ; BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts BCF EECON1, WREN ; disable write to memory Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page TBLPTRU — — bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>) 285 TBPLTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 285 TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 285 TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 285 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 287 EECON1 EEPGD CFGS — FREE WRERR WREN WR RD 287 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — 288 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during Flash/EEPROM access. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 60 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 61 PIC18F/LF1XK50 5.0 DATA EEPROM MEMORY The data EEPROM is a nonvolatile memory array, separate from the data RAM and program memory, which is used for long-term storage of program data. It is not directly mapped in either the register file or program memory space but is indirectly addressed through the Special Function Registers (SFRs). The EEPROM is readable and writable during normal operation over the entire VDD range. Four SFRs are used to read and write to the data EEPROM as well as the program memory. They are: • EECON1 • EECON2 • EEDATA • EEADR The data EEPROM allows byte read and write. When interfacing to the data memory block, EEDATA holds the 8-bit data for read/write and the EEADR register pair hold the address of the EEPROM location being accessed. The EEPROM data memory is rated for high erase/write cycle endurance. A byte write automatically erases the location and writes the new data (erase-before-write). The write time is controlled by an on-chip timer; it will vary with voltage and temperature as well as from chipto- chip. Please refer to parameter US122 (Table 27-13 in Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”) for exact limits. 5.1 EEADR Register The EEADR register is used to address the data EEPROM for read and write operations. The 8-bit range of the register can address a memory range of 256 bytes (00h to FFh). 5.2 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers Access to the data EEPROM is controlled by two registers: EECON1 and EECON2. These are the same registers which control access to the program memory and are used in a similar manner for the data EEPROM. The EECON1 register (Register 5-1) is the control register for data and program memory access. Control bit EEPGD determines if the access will be to program or data EEPROM memory. When the EEPGD bit is clear, operations will access the data EEPROM memory. When the EEPGD bit is set, program memory is accessed. Control bit, CFGS, determines if the access will be to the Configuration registers or to program memory/data EEPROM memory. When the CFGS bit is set, subsequent operations access Configuration registers. When the CFGS bit is clear, the EEPGD bit selects either program Flash or data EEPROM memory. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is set by hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared when the internal programming timer expires and the write operation is complete. The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit can be set but not cleared by software. It is cleared only by hardware at the completion of the write operation. Control bits, RD and WR, start read and erase/write operations, respectively. These bits are set by firmware and cleared by hardware at the completion of the operation. The RD bit cannot be set when accessing program memory (EEPGD = 1). Program memory is read using table read instructions. See Section 4.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes” regarding table reads. The EECON2 register is not a physical register. It is used exclusively in the memory write and erase sequences. Reading EECON2 will read all ‘0’s. Note: During normal operation, the WRERR may read as ‘1’. This can indicate that a write operation was prematurely terminated by a Reset, or a write operation was attempted improperly. Note: The EEIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR2 register is set when the write is complete. It must be cleared by software. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 62 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 5-1: EECON1: DATA EEPROM CONTROL 1 REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x U-0 R/W-0 R/W-x R/W-0 R/S-0 R/S-0 EEPGD CFGS — FREE WRERR WREN WR RD bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit S = Bit can be set by software, but not cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 EEPGD: Flash Program or Data EEPROM Memory Select bit 1 = Access Flash program memory 0 = Access data EEPROM memory bit 6 CFGS: Flash Program/Data EEPROM or Configuration Select bit 1 = Access Configuration registers 0 = Access Flash program or data EEPROM memory bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 FREE: Flash Row (Block) Erase Enable bit 1 = Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by completion of erase operation) 0 = Perform write-only bit 3 WRERR: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Error Flag bit(1) 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal operation, or an improper write attempt) 0 = The write operation completed bit 2 WREN: Flash Program/Data EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM 0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program/data EEPROM bit 1 WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a data EEPROM erase/write cycle or a program memory erase cycle or write cycle. (The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) by software.) 0 = Write cycle to the EEPROM is complete bit 0 RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared by hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared) by software. RD bit cannot be set when EEPGD = 1 or CFGS = 1.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read Note 1: When a WRERR occurs, the EEPGD and CFGS bits are not cleared. This allows tracing of the error condition.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 63 PIC18F/LF1XK50 5.3 Reading the Data EEPROM Memory To read a data memory location, the user must write the address to the EEADR register, clear the EEPGD control bit of the EECON1 register and then set control bit, RD. The data is available on the very next instruction cycle; therefore, the EEDATA register can be read by the next instruction. EEDATA will hold this value until another read operation, or until it is written to by the user (during a write operation). The basic process is shown in Example 5-1. 5.4 Writing to the Data EEPROM Memory To write an EEPROM data location, the address must first be written to the EEADR register and the data written to the EEDATA register. The sequence in Example 5-2 must be followed to initiate the write cycle. The write will not begin if this sequence is not exactly followed (write 55h to EECON2, write 0AAh to EECON2, then set WR bit) for each byte. It is strongly recommended that interrupts be disabled during this code segment. Additionally, the WREN bit in EECON1 must be set to enable writes. This mechanism prevents accidental writes to data EEPROM due to unexpected code execution (i.e., runaway programs). The WREN bit should be kept clear at all times, except when updating the EEPROM. The WREN bit is not cleared by hardware. After a write sequence has been initiated, EECON1, EEADR and EEDATA cannot be modified. The WR bit will be inhibited from being set unless the WREN bit is set. Both WR and WREN cannot be set with the same instruction. At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit is cleared by hardware and the EEPROM Interrupt Flag bit, EEIF, is set. The user may either enable this interrupt or poll this bit. EEIF must be cleared by software. 5.5 Write Verify Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the memory should be verified against the original value. This should be used in applications where excessive writes can stress bits near the specification limit. EXAMPLE 5-1: DATA EEPROM READ EXAMPLE 5-2: DATA EEPROM WRITE MOVLW DATA_EE_ADDR ; MOVWF EEADR ; Data Memory Address to read BCF EECON1, EEPGD ; Point to DATA memory BCF EECON1, CFGS ; Access EEPROM BSF EECON1, RD ; EEPROM Read MOVF EEDATA, W ; W = EEDATA MOVLW DATA_EE_ADDR_LOW ; MOVWF EEADR ; Data Memory Address to write MOVLW DATA_EE_DATA ; MOVWF EEDATA ; Data Memory Value to write BCF EECON1, EEPGD ; Point to DATA memory BCF EECON1, CFGS ; Access EEPROM BSF EECON1, WREN ; Enable writes BCF INTCON, GIE ; Disable Interrupts MOVLW 55h ; Required MOVWF EECON2 ; Write 55h Sequence MOVLW 0AAh ; MOVWF EECON2 ; Write 0AAh BSF EECON1, WR ; Set WR bit to begin write BSF INTCON, GIE ; Enable Interrupts ; User code execution BCF EECON1, WREN ; Disable writes on write complete (EEIF set) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 64 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 5.6 Operation During Code-Protect Data EEPROM memory has its own code-protect bits in Configuration Words. External read and write operations are disabled if code protection is enabled. The microcontroller itself can both read and write to the internal data EEPROM, regardless of the state of the code-protect Configuration bit. Refer to Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU” for additional information. 5.7 Protection Against Spurious Write There are conditions when the user may not want to write to the data EEPROM memory. To protect against spurious EEPROM writes, various mechanisms have been implemented. On power-up, the WREN bit is cleared. In addition, writes to the EEPROM are blocked during the Power-up Timer period (TPWRT, parameter 33). The write initiate sequence and the WREN bit together help prevent an accidental write during brown-out, power glitch or software malfunction. 5.8 Using the Data EEPROM The data EEPROM is a high-endurance, byte addressable array that has been optimized for the storage of frequently changing information (e.g., program variables or other data that are updated often). When variables in one section change frequently, while variables in another section do not change, it is possible to exceed the total number of write cycles to the EEPROM without exceeding the total number of write cycles to a single byte. If this is the case, then an array refresh must be performed. For this reason, variables that change infrequently (such as constants, IDs, calibration, etc.) should be stored in Flash program memory. EXAMPLE 5-3: DATA EEPROM REFRESH ROUTINE TABLE 5-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH DATA EEPROM MEMORY Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 EEADR EEADR7 EEADR6 EEADR5 EEADR4 EEADR3 EEADR2 EEADR1 EEADR0 287 EEDATA EEPROM Data Register 287 EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 287 EECON1 EEPGD CFGS — FREE WRERR WREN WR RD 287 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — 288 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during Flash/EEPROM access. CLRF EEADR ; Start at address 0 BCF EECON1, CFGS ; Set for memory BCF EECON1, EEPGD ; Set for Data EEPROM BCF INTCON, GIE ; Disable interrupts BSF EECON1, WREN ; Enable writes Loop ; Loop to refresh array BSF EECON1, RD ; Read current address MOVLW 55h ; MOVWF EECON2 ; Write 55h MOVLW 0AAh ; MOVWF EECON2 ; Write 0AAh BSF EECON1, WR ; Set WR bit to begin write BTFSC EECON1, WR ; Wait for write to complete BRA $-2 INCFSZ EEADR, F ; Increment address BRA LOOP ; Not zero, do it again BCF EECON1, WREN ; Disable writes BSF INTCON, GIE ; Enable interrupts  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 65 PIC18F/LF1XK50 6.0 8 x 8 HARDWARE MULTIPLIER 6.1 Introduction All PIC18 devices include an 8 x 8 hardware multiplier as part of the ALU. The multiplier performs an unsigned operation and yields a 16-bit result that is stored in the product register pair, PRODH:PRODL. The multiplier’s operation does not affect any flags in the STATUS register. Making multiplication a hardware operation allows it to be completed in a single instruction cycle. This has the advantages of higher computational throughput and reduced code size for multiplication algorithms and allows the PIC18 devices to be used in many applications previously reserved for digital signal processors. A comparison of various hardware and software multiply operations, along with the savings in memory and execution time, is shown in Table 6-1. 6.2 Operation Example 6-1 shows the instruction sequence for an 8 x 8 unsigned multiplication. Only one instruction is required when one of the arguments is already loaded in the WREG register. Example 6-2 shows the sequence to do an 8 x 8 signed multiplication. To account for the sign bits of the arguments, each argument’s Most Significant bit (MSb) is tested and the appropriate subtractions are done. EXAMPLE 6-1: 8 x 8 UNSIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE EXAMPLE 6-2: 8 x 8 SIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE TABLE 6-1: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLY OPERATIONS MOVF ARG1, W ; MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 -> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVF ARG1, W MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 -> ; PRODH:PRODL BTFSC ARG2, SB ; Test Sign Bit SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH ; - ARG1 MOVF ARG2, W BTFSC ARG1, SB ; Test Sign Bit SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH ; - ARG2 Routine Multiply Method Program Memory (Words) Cycles (Max) Time @ 40 MHz @ 10 MHz @ 4 MHz 8 x 8 unsigned Without hardware multiply 13 69 6.9 s 27.6 s 69 s Hardware multiply 1 1 100 ns 400 ns 1 s 8 x 8 signed Without hardware multiply 33 91 9.1 s 36.4 s 91 s Hardware multiply 6 6 600 ns 2.4 s 6 s 16 x 16 unsigned Without hardware multiply 21 242 24.2 s 96.8 s 242 s Hardware multiply 28 28 2.8 s 11.2 s 28 s 16 x 16 signed Without hardware multiply 52 254 25.4 s 102.6 s 254 s Hardware multiply 35 40 4.0 s 16.0 s 40 s PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 66 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Example 6-3 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16 unsigned multiplication. Equation 6-1 shows the algorithm that is used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers (RES<3:0>). EQUATION 6-1: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED MULTIPLICATION ALGORITHM EXAMPLE 6-3: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE Example 6-4 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16 signed multiply. Equation 6-2 shows the algorithm used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers (RES<3:0>). To account for the sign bits of the arguments, the MSb for each argument pair is tested and the appropriate subtractions are done. EQUATION 6-2: 16 x 16 SIGNED MULTIPLICATION ALGORITHM EXAMPLE 6-4: 16 x 16 SIGNED MULTIPLY ROUTINE RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L  ARG2H:ARG2L = (ARG1H  ARG2H  216) + (ARG1H  ARG2L  28) + (ARG1L  ARG2H  28) + (ARG1L  ARG2L) MOVF ARG1L, W MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L-> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ; MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ; ; MOVF ARG1H, W MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H-> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ; MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ; ; MOVF ARG1L, W MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H-> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVF PRODL, W ; ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross MOVF PRODH, W ; products ADDWFC RES2, F ; CLRF WREG ; ADDWFC RES3, F ; ; MOVF ARG1H, W ; MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L-> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVF PRODL, W ; ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross MOVF PRODH, W ; products ADDWFC RES2, F ; CLRF WREG ; ADDWFC RES3, F ; RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L  ARG2H:ARG2L = (ARG1H  ARG2H  216) + (ARG1H  ARG2L  28) + (ARG1L  ARG2H  28) + (ARG1L  ARG2L) + (-1  ARG2H<7>  ARG1H:ARG1L  216) + (-1  ARG1H<7>  ARG2H:ARG2L  216) MOVF ARG1L, W MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L -> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ; MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ; ; MOVF ARG1H, W MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H -> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ; MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ; ; MOVF ARG1L, W MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H -> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVF PRODL, W ; ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross MOVF PRODH, W ; products ADDWFC RES2, F ; CLRF WREG ; ADDWFC RES3, F ; ; MOVF ARG1H, W ; MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L -> ; PRODH:PRODL MOVF PRODL, W ; ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross MOVF PRODH, W ; products ADDWFC RES2, F ; CLRF WREG ; ADDWFC RES3, F ; ; BTFSS ARG2H, 7 ; ARG2H:ARG2L neg? BRA SIGN_ARG1 ; no, check ARG1 MOVF ARG1L, W ; SUBWF RES2 ; MOVF ARG1H, W ; SUBWFB RES3 ; SIGN_ARG1 BTFSS ARG1H, 7 ; ARG1H:ARG1L neg? BRA CONT_CODE ; no, done MOVF ARG2L, W ; SUBWF RES2 ; MOVF ARG2H, W ; SUBWFB RES3 ; CONT_CODE :  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 67 PIC18F/LF1XK50 7.0 INTERRUPTS The PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices have multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority feature that allows most interrupt sources to be assigned a high priority level or a low priority level. The high priority interrupt vector is at 0008h and the low priority interrupt vector is at 0018h. A high priority interrupt event will interrupt a low priority interrupt that may be in progress. There are ten registers which are used to control interrupt operation. These registers are: • RCON • INTCON • INTCON2 • INTCON3 • PIR1, PIR2 • PIE1, PIE2 • IPR1, IPR2 It is recommended that the Microchip header files supplied with MPLAB® IDE be used for the symbolic bit names in these registers. This allows the assembler/ compiler to automatically take care of the placement of these bits within the specified register. In general, interrupt sources have three bits to control their operation. They are: • Flag bit to indicate that an interrupt event occurred • Enable bit that allows program execution to branch to the interrupt vector address when the flag bit is set • Priority bit to select high priority or low priority 7.1 Mid-Range Compatibility When the IPEN bit is cleared (default state), the interrupt priority feature is disabled and interrupts are compatible with PIC® microcontroller mid-range devices. In Compatibility mode, the interrupt priority bits of the IPRx registers have no effect. The PEIE bit of the INTCON register is the global interrupt enable for the peripherals. The PEIE bit disables only the peripheral interrupt sources and enables the peripheral interrupt sources when the GIE bit is also set. The GIE bit of the INTCON register is the global interrupt enable which enables all non-peripheral interrupt sources and disables all interrupt sources, including the peripherals. All interrupts branch to address 0008h in Compatibility mode. 7.2 Interrupt Priority The interrupt priority feature is enabled by setting the IPEN bit of the RCON register. When interrupt priority is enabled the GIE and PEIE global interrupt enable bits of Compatibility mode are replaced by the GIEH high priority, and GIEL low priority, global interrupt enables. When set, the GIEH bit of the INTCON register enables all interrupts that have their associated IPRx register or INTCONx register priority bit set (high priority). When clear, the GIEL bit disables all interrupt sources including those selected as low priority. When clear, the GIEL bit of the INTCON register disables only the interrupts that have their associated priority bit cleared (low priority). When set, the GIEL bit enables the low priority sources when the GIEH bit is also set. When the interrupt flag, enable bit and appropriate global interrupt enable bit are all set, the interrupt will vector immediately to address 0008h for high priority, or 0018h for low priority, depending on level of the interrupting source’s priority bit. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding interrupt enable bits. 7.3 Interrupt Response When an interrupt is responded to, the global interrupt enable bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. The GIE bit is the global interrupt enable when the IPEN bit is cleared. When the IPEN bit is set, enabling interrupt priority levels, the GIEH bit is the high priority global interrupt enable and the GIEL bit is the low priority global interrupt enable. High priority interrupt sources can interrupt a low priority interrupt. Low priority interrupts are not processed while high priority interrupts are in progress. The return address is pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector address (0008h or 0018h). Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits in the INTCONx and PIRx registers. The interrupt flag bits must be cleared by software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid repeating the same interrupt. The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits the interrupt routine and sets the GIE bit (GIEH or GIEL if priority levels are used), which re-enables interrupts. For external interrupt events, such as the INT pins or the PORTB interrupt-on-change, the interrupt latency will be three to four instruction cycles. The exact latency is the same for one-cycle or two-cycle PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 68 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. instructions. Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding enable bits or the global interrupt enable bit. Note: Do not use the MOVFF instruction to modify any of the interrupt control registers while any interrupt is enabled. Doing so may cause erratic microcontroller behavior.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 69 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 7-1: PIC18 INTERRUPT LOGIC TMR0IE GIEH/GIE GIEL/PEIE Wake-up if in Interrupt to CPU Vector to Location 0008h INT2IF INT2IE INT2IP INT1IF INT1IE INT1IP TMR0IF TMR0IE TMR0IP RABIF RABIE RABIP IPEN TMR0IF TMR0IP INT1IF INT1IE INT1IP INT2IF INT2IE INT2IP RABIF RABIE RABIP INT0IF INT0IE GIEL/PEIE Interrupt to CPU Vector to Location IPEN IPEN 0018h SSPIF SSPIE SSPIP SSPIF SSPIE SSPIP ADIF ADIE ADIP RCIF RCIE RCIP Additional Peripheral Interrupts ADIF ADIE ADIP High Priority Interrupt Generation Low Priority Interrupt Generation RCIF RCIE RCIP Additional Peripheral Interrupts Idle or Sleep modes GIEH/GIE Note 1: The RABIF interrupt also requires the individual pin IOCA and IOCB enable. (1) (1) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 70 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.4 INTCON Registers The INTCON registers are readable and writable registers, which contain various enable, priority and flag bits. Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling. REGISTER 7-1: INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 GIE/GIEH: Global Interrupt Enable bit When IPEN = 0: 1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts including peripherals When IPEN = 1: 1 = Enables all high priority interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts including low priority. bit 6 PEIE/GIEL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit When IPEN = 0: 1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts 0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts When IPEN = 1: 1 = Enables all low priority interrupts 0 = Disables all low priority interrupts bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt bit 4 INT0IE: INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT0 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT0 external interrupt bit 3 RABIE: RA and RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit(2) 1 = Enables the RA and RB port change interrupt 0 = Disables the RA and RB port change interrupt bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR0 register did not overflow bit 1 INT0IF: INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT0 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT0 external interrupt did not occur bit 0 RABIF: RA and RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit(1) 1 = At least one of the RA <5:3> or RB<7:4> pins changed state (must be cleared by software) 0 = None of the RA<5:3> or RB<7:4> pins have changed state Note 1: A mismatch condition will continue to set the RABIF bit. Reading PORTA and PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the bit to be cleared. 2: RA and RB port change interrupts also require the individual pin IOCA and IOCB enable.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 71 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 7-2: INTCON2: INTERRUPT CONTROL 2 REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 RABPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 — TMR0IP — RABIP bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 RABPU: PORTA and PORTB Pull-up Enable bit 1 = All PORTA and PORTB pull-ups are disabled 0 = PORTA and PORTB pull-ups are enabled provided that the pin is an input and the corresponding WPUA and WPUB bits are set. bit 6 INTEDG0: External Interrupt 0 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge bit 5 INTEDG1: External Interrupt 1 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge bit 4 INTEDG2: External Interrupt 2 Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge 0 = Interrupt on falling edge bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 2 TMR0IP: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 0 RABIP: RA and RB Port Change Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 72 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 7-3: INTCON3: INTERRUPT CONTROL 3 REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 INT2IP INT1IP — INT2IE INT1IE — INT2IF INT1IF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 INT2IP: INT2 External Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 6 INT1IP: INT1 External Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 INT2IE: INT2 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT2 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT2 external interrupt bit 3 INT1IE: INT1 External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the INT1 external interrupt 0 = Disables the INT1 external interrupt bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 1 INT2IF: INT2 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT2 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT2 external interrupt did not occur bit 0 INT1IF: INT1 External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The INT1 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = The INT1 external interrupt did not occur Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 73 PIC18F/LF1XK50 7.5 PIR Registers The PIR registers contain the individual flag bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are two Peripheral Interrupt Request Flag registers (PIR1 and PIR2). Note 1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register. 2: User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are cleared prior to enabling an interrupt and after servicing that interrupt. REGISTER 7-4: PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 1 U-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit 1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared by software) 0 = The A/D conversion is not complete or has not been started bit 5 RCIF: EUSART Receive Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART receive buffer, RCREG, is full (cleared when RCREG is read) 0 = The EUSART receive buffer is empty bit 4 TXIF: EUSART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The EUSART transmit buffer, TXREG, is empty (cleared when TXREG is written) 0 = The EUSART transmit buffer is full bit 3 SSPIF: Master Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared by software) 0 = Waiting to transmit/receive bit 2 CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit Capture mode: 1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in this mode bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR1 register did not overflow PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 74 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 7-5: PIR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 2 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 OSCFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Device oscillator failed, clock input has changed to HFINTOSC (must be cleared by software) 0 = Device clock operating bit 6 C1IF: Comparator C1 Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator C1 output has changed (must be cleared by software) 0 = Comparator C1 output has not changed bit 5 C2IF: Comparator C2 Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator C2 output has changed (must be cleared by software) 0 = Comparator C2 output has not changed bit 4 EEIF: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The write operation is complete (must be cleared by software) 0 = The write operation is not complete or has not been started bit 3 BCLIF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit 1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared by software) 0 = No bus collision occurred bit 2 USBIF: USB Interrupt Flag bit 1 = USB has requested an interrupt (must be cleared in software) 0 = No USB interrupt request bit 1 TMR3IF: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR3 register overflowed (must be cleared by software) 0 = TMR3 register did not overflow bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 75 PIC18F/LF1XK50 7.6 PIE Registers The PIE registers contain the individual enable bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are two Peripheral Interrupt Enable registers (PIE1 and PIE2). When IPEN = 0, the PEIE bit must be set to enable any of these peripheral interrupts. REGISTER 7-6: PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 1 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the A/D interrupt 0 = Disables the A/D interrupt bit 5 RCIE: EUSART Receive Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EUSART receive interrupt 0 = Disables the EUSART receive interrupt bit 4 TXIE: EUSART Transmit Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EUSART transmit interrupt 0 = Disables the EUSART transmit interrupt bit 3 SSPIE: Master Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the MSSP interrupt 0 = Disables the MSSP interrupt bit 2 CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt 0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 76 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 7-7: PIE2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (FLAG) REGISTER 2 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 OSCFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 6 C1IE: Comparator C1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 5 C2IE: Comparator C2 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 4 EEIE: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 3 BCLIE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 2 USBIE: USB Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 1 TMR3IE: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 77 PIC18F/LF1XK50 7.7 IPR Registers The IPR registers contain the individual priority bits for the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral interrupt sources, there are two Peripheral Interrupt Priority registers (IPR1 and IPR2). Using the priority bits requires that the Interrupt Priority Enable (IPEN) bit be set. REGISTER 7-8: IPR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 ADIP: A/D Converter Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 5 RCIP: EUSART Receive Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 4 TXIP: EUSART Transmit Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 3 SSPIP: Master Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 2 CCP1IP: CCP1 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 1 TMR2IP: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 0 TMR1IP: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 78 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 7-9: IPR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 2 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 OSCFIP: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 6 C1IP: Comparator C1 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 5 C2IP: Comparator C2 Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 4 EEIP: Data EEPROM/Flash Write Operation Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 3 BCLIP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 2 USBIP: USB Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 1 TMR3IP: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit 1 = High priority 0 = Low priority bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 79 PIC18F/LF1XK50 7.8 RCON Register The RCON register contains flag bits which are used to determine the cause of the last Reset or wake-up from Idle or Sleep modes. RCON also contains the IPEN bit which enables interrupt priorities. The operation of the SBOREN bit and the Reset flag bits is discussed in more detail in Section 23.1 “RCON Register”. REGISTER 7-10: RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 IPEN SBOREN(1) — RI TO PD POR(2) BOR bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit 1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts 0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode) bit 6 SBOREN: BOR Software Enable bit(1) If BOREN<1:0> = 01: 1 = BOR is enabled 0 = BOR is disabled If BOREN<1:0> = 00, 10 or 11: Bit is disabled and read as ‘0’. bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit 1 = The RESET instruction was not executed (set by firmware or Power-on Reset) 0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in firmware after a code-executed Reset occurs) bit 3 TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred bit 2 PD: Power-down Detection Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = Set by execution of the SLEEP instruction bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2) 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit(3) 1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only) 0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set by firmware after a POR or Brown-out Reset occurs) Note 1: If SBOREN is enabled, its Reset state is ‘1’; otherwise, it is ‘0’. 2: The actual Reset value of POR is determined by the type of device Reset. See the notes following this register and Section 23.6 “Reset State of Registers” for additional information. 3: See Table 23-3. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 80 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.9 INTn Pin Interrupts External interrupts on the RC0/INT0, RC1/INT1 and RC2/INT2 pins are edge-triggered. If the corresponding INTEDGx bit in the INTCON2 register is set (= 1), the interrupt is triggered by a rising edge; if the bit is clear, the trigger is on the falling edge. When a valid edge appears on the RCx/INTx pin, the corresponding flag bit, INTxF, is set. This interrupt can be disabled by clearing the corresponding enable bit, INTxE. Flag bit, INTxF, must be cleared by software in the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling the interrupt. All external interrupts (INT0, INT1 and INT2) can wakeup the processor from Idle or Sleep modes if bit INTxE was set prior to going into those modes. If the Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE, is set, the processor will branch to the interrupt vector following wake-up. Interrupt priority for INT1 and INT2 is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bits, INT1IP and INT2IP of the INTCON3 register. There is no priority bit associated with INT0. It is always a high priority interrupt source. 7.10 TMR0 Interrupt In 8-bit mode (which is the default), an overflow in the TMR0 register (FFh  00h) will set flag bit, TMR0IF. In 16-bit mode, an overflow in the TMR0H:TMR0L register pair (FFFFh 0000h) will set TMR0IF. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, TMR0IE of the INTCON register. Interrupt priority for Timer0 is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bit, TMR0IP of the INTCON2 register. See Section 10.0 “Timer0 Module” for further details on the Timer0 module. 7.11 PORTA and PORTB Interrupt-on- Change An input change on PORTA or PORTB sets flag bit, RABIF of the INTCON register. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit, RABIE of the INTCON register. Pins must also be individually enabled with the IOCA and IOCB register. Interrupt priority for PORTA and PORTB interrupt-on-change is determined by the value contained in the interrupt priority bit, RABIP of the INTCON2 register. 7.12 Context Saving During Interrupts During interrupts, the return PC address is saved on the stack. Additionally, the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers are saved on the fast return stack. If a fast return from interrupt is not used (see Section 3.3 “Data Memory Organization”), the user may need to save the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers on entry to the Interrupt Service Routine. Depending on the user’s application, other registers may also need to be saved. Example 7-1 saves and restores the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers during an Interrupt Service Routine. EXAMPLE 7-1: SAVING STATUS, WREG AND BSR REGISTERS IN RAM MOVWF W_TEMP ; W_TEMP is in virtual bank MOVFF STATUS, STATUS_TEMP ; STATUS_TEMP located anywhere MOVFF BSR, BSR_TEMP ; BSR_TMEP located anywhere ; ; USER ISR CODE ; MOVFF BSR_TEMP, BSR ; Restore BSR MOVF W_TEMP, W ; Restore WREG MOVFF STATUS_TEMP, STATUS ; Restore STATUS  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 81 PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 8.0 LOW DROPOUT (LDO) VOLTAGE REGULATOR The PIC18F1XK50 devices differ from the PIC18LF1XK50 devices due to an internal Low Dropout (LDO) voltage regulator. The PIC18F1XK50 contain an internal LDO, while the PIC18LF1XK50 do not. The lithography of the die allows a maximum operating voltage of the nominal 3.6V on the internal digital logic. In order to continue to support 5.0V designs, a LDO voltage regulator is integrated on the die. The LDO voltage regulator allows for the internal digital logic to operate at 3.3V, while I/O’s operate at 5.0V (VDD). The LDO voltage regulator requires an external bypass capacitor for stability. The VUSB pin is required to have an external bypass capacitor. It is recommended that the capacitor be a ceramic cap between 0.22 to 0.47 μF. On power-up, the external capacitor will look like a large load on the LDO voltage regulator. To prevent erroneous operation, the device is held in Reset while a constant current source charges the external capacitor. After the cap is fully charged, the device is released from Reset. For more information, refer to Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 82 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 83 PIC18F/LF1XK50 9.0 I/O PORTS There are up to three ports available. Some pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate function from the peripheral features on the device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. Each port has three registers for its operation. These registers are: • TRIS register (data direction register) • PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the device) • LAT register (output latch) The PORTA Data Latch (LATA register) is useful for read-modify-write operations on the value that the I/O pins are driving. A simplified model of a generic I/O port, without the interfaces to other peripherals, is shown in Figure 9-1. FIGURE 9-1: GENERIC I/O PORT OPERATION 9.1 PORTA, TRISA and LATA Registers PORTA is 5 bits wide. PORTA<5:4> bits are bidirectional ports and PORTA<3,1:0> bits are inputonly ports. The corresponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the PORT latch. The PORTA Data Latch (LATA) register is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATA register read and write the latched output value for PORTA. All of the PORTA pins are individually configurable as interrupt-on-change pins. Control bits in the IOCA register enable (when set) or disable (when clear) the interrupt function for each pin. When set, the RABIE bit of the INTCON register enables interrupts on all pins which also have their corresponding IOCA bit set. When clear, the RABIE bit disables all interrupt-on-changes. Only pins configured as inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any pin configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt-on-change comparison). For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the values are compared with the old value latched on the last read of PORTA. The ‘mismatch’ outputs of the last read are OR’d together to set the PORTA Change Interrupt flag bit (RABIF) in the INTCON register. This interrupt can wake the device from the Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) Any read or write of PORTA to clear the mismatch condition (except when PORTA is the source or destination of a MOVFF instruction). b) Clear the flag bit, RABIF. A mismatch condition will continue to set the RABIF flag bit. Reading or writing PORTA will end the mismatch condition and allow the RABIF bit to be cleared. The latch holding the last read value is not affected by a MCLR nor Brown-out Reset. After either one of these Resets, the RABIF flag will continue to be set if a mismatch is present. Data Bus WR LAT WR TRIS RD Port Data Latch TRIS Latch RD TRIS Input Buffer I/O pin(1) D Q CK D Q CK EN Q D EN RD LAT or Port Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 84 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for wake-up on key depression operation and operations where PORTA is only used for the interrupt-on-change feature. Polling of PORTA is not recommended while using the interrupt-on-change feature. Each of the PORTA pins has an individually controlled weak internal pull-up. When set, each bit of the WPUA register enables the corresponding pin pull-up. When cleared, the RABPU bit of the INTCON2 register enables pull-ups on all pins which also have their corresponding WPUA bit set. When set, the RABPU bit disables all weak pull-ups. The weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset. RA0 and RA1 are multiplexed with the USB module and can serve as the differential data lines for the onchip USB transceiver. RA0 and RA1 do not have TRISA bits associated with them. As digital port pins, they can only function as digital inputs. When configured for USB operation, the data direction is determined by the configuration and status of the USB module at a given time. RA3 is an input only pin. Its operation is controlled by the MCLRE bit of the CONFIG3H register. When selected as a port pin (MCLRE = 0), it functions as a digital input only pin; as such, it does not have TRIS or LAT bits associated with its operation. Pins RA4 and RA5 are multiplexed with the main oscillator pins; they are enabled as oscillator or I/O pins by the selection of the main oscillator in the Configuration register (see Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits” for details). When they are not used as port pins, RA4 and RA5 and their associated TRIS and LAT bits read as ‘0’. Pin RA4 is multiplexed with an analog input. The operation of pin RA4 as analog is selected by setting the ANS3 bit in the ANSEL register which is the default setting after a Power-on Reset. EXAMPLE 9-1: INITIALIZING PORTA Note 1: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the RABIF interrupt flag may not get set. Furthermore, since a read or write on a port affects all bits of that port, care must be taken when using multiple pins in Interrupt- on-change mode. Changes on one pin may not be seen while servicing changes on another pin. 2: When configured for USB operation, interrupt-on-change functionality on RA0 and RA1 is automatically disabled. 3: In order for the digital inputs to function on the RA<1:0> port pins, the interrupton- change pins must be enabled (IOCA <1:0> = 11) and the USB module must be disabled (USBEN = 0). Note: On a Power-on Reset, RA4 is configured as analog inputs by default and read as ‘0’; RA<1:0> and RA<5:3> are configured as digital inputs. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RA3 is enabled as a digital input only if Master Clear functionality is disabled. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RA4 is configured as analog inputs and read as ‘0’. CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by ; clearing output ; data latches CLRF LATA ; Alternate method ; to clear output ; data latches MOVLW 030h ; Value used to ; initialize data ; direction MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<5:4> as output  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 85 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 9-1: PORTA: PORTA REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x R-x U-0 R/W-x R/W-x — — RA5 RA4 RA3 — RA1 RA0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-3 RA<5:3>: PORTA I/O Pin bit(1) 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 1-0 RA<1:0>: PORTA I/O Pin bit 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL Note 1: The RA3 bit is only available when Master Clear Reset is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). Otherwise, RA3 reads as ‘0’. This bit is read-only. REGISTER 9-2: TRISA: PORTA TRI-STATE REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 — — TRISA5 TRISA4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-4 TRISA<5:4>: PORTA Tri-State Control bit 1 = PORTA pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = PORTA pin configured as an output bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ Note 1: TRISA<5:4> always reads ‘1’ in XT, HS and LP Oscillator modes. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 86 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 9-3: WPUA: WEAK PULL-UP PORTA REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 RW-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 — — WPUA5 WPUA4 WPUA3 — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-3 WPUA<5:3>: Weak Pull-up Enable bit 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 1-0 WPUA<1:0>: Weak Pull-up Enable bit 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled REGISTER 9-4: IOCA: INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE PORTA REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — — IOCA5 IOCA4 IOCA3 — IOCA1 IOCA0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-3 IOCA<5:3>: PORTA I/O Pin bit 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 1-0 IOCA<1:0>: PORTA I/O Pin bit 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled REGISTER 9-5: LATA: PORTA DATA LATCH REGISTER U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 — — LATA5 LATA4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-4 LATA<5:4>: RA<5:4> Port I/O Output Latch Register bits bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 87 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 9-1: PORTA I/O SUMMARY Pin Function TRIS Setting I/O I/O Type Description RA0/IOCA0/D+/ PGD RA0 —(1) I TTL PORTA<0> data input; disabled when USB enabled. IOCA0 —(1) I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change; disabled when USB enabled. D+ —(1) I XCVR USB bus differential plus line input (internal transceiver). —(1) O XCVR USB bus differential plus line output (internal transceiver). PGD —(1) O DIG Serial execution data output for ICSP™. —(1) I ST Serial execution data input for ICSP™. RA1/IOCA1/D-/ PGC RA1 —(1) I TTL PORTA<1> data input; disabled when USB enabled. IOCA1 —(1) I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change; disabled when USB enabled. D- —(1) I XCVR USB bus differential minus line input (internal transceiver). —(1) O XCVR USB bus differential minus line output (internal transceiver). PGC —(1) O DIG Serial execution clock output for ICSP™. —(1) I ST Serial execution clock input for ICSP™. RA3/IOCA3/MCLR/ VPP RA3 —(2) I ST PORTA<3> data input; enabled when MCLRE Configuration bit is clear; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCA3 —(1) I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change MCLR — I ST External Master Clear input; enabled when MCLRE Configuration bit is set. VPP — I ANA High-voltage detection; used for ICSP™ mode entry detection. Always available, regardless of pin mode. RA4/IOCA4/AN3/ OSC2/CLKOUT RA4 0 O DIG LATA<4> data output. Enabled in RCIO, INTIO2 and ECIO modes only. 1 I TTL PORTA<4> data input; Programmable weak pull-up. Enabled in RCIO, INTIO2 and ECIO modes only. IOCA4 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change AN3 1 I ANA A/D input channel 3. Default configuration on POR. OSC2 x O ANA Main oscillator feedback output connection (XT, HS and LP modes). CLKOUT x O DIG System cycle clock output (FOSC/4) in RC, INTIO1 and EC Oscillator modes. RA5/IOCA5/OSC1/ CLKIN RA5 0 O DIG LATA<5> data output. Disabled in external oscillator modes. 1 I TTL PORTA<5> data input. Disabled in external oscillator modes; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCA5 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change OSC1 x I ANA Main oscillator input connection. CLKIN x I ANA Main clock input connection. Legend: DIG = Digital level output; TTL = TTL input buffer; ST = Schmitt Trigger input buffer; ANA = Analog level input/output; x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option). Note 1: RA0 and RA1 do not have corresponding TRISA bits. In Port mode, these pins are input only. USB data direction is determined by the USB configuration. 2: RA3 does not have a corresponding TRISA bit. This pin is always an input regardless of mode. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 88 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 9-2: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page PORTA — — RA5(1) RA4(1) RA3(2) — RA1(3) RA0(3) 288 LATA — — LATA5(1) LATA4(1) — — — — 288 TRISA — — TRISA5(1) TRISA4(1) — — — — 288 ANSEL ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — 288 SLRCON — — — — — SLRC SLRB SLRA 288 IOCA — — IOCA5 IOCA4 IOCA3(2) — IOCA1(3) IOCA0(3) 288 WPUA — — WPUA5 WPUA4 WPUA3(2) — — — 288 UCON — PPBRST SE0 PKTDIS USBEN RESUME SUSPND — 288 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 INTCON2 RABPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 — TMR0IP — RABIP 285 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA. Note 1: RA<5:4> and their associated latch and data direction bits are enabled as I/O pins based on oscillator configuration; otherwise, they are read as ‘0’. 2: Implemented only when Master Clear functionality is disabled (MCLRE Configuration bit = 0). 3: RA1 and RA0 are only available as port pins when the USB module is disabled (UCON<3> = 0).  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 89 PIC18F/LF1XK50 9.2 PORTB, TRISB and LATB Registers PORTB is an 4-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The PORTB Data Latch register (LATB) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATB register read and write the latched output value for PORTB. EXAMPLE 9-2: INITIALIZING PORTB All PORTB pins are individually configurable as interrupt-on-change pins. Control bits in the IOCB register enable (when set) or disable (when clear) the interrupt function for each pin. When set, the RABIE bit of the INTCON register enables interrupts on all pins which also have their corresponding IOCB bit set. When clear, the RABIE bit disables all interrupt-on-changes. Only pins configured as inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any pin configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt-on-change comparison). For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the values are compared with the old value latched on the last read of PORTB. The ‘mismatch’ outputs of the last read are OR’d together to set the PORTB Change Interrupt flag bit (RABIF) in the INTCON register. This interrupt can wake the device from the Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) Any read or write of PORTB to clear the mismatch condition (except when PORTB is the source or destination of a MOVFF instruction). b) Clear the flag bit, RABIF. A mismatch condition will continue to set the RABIF flag bit. Reading or writing PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow the RABIF bit to be cleared. The latch holding the last read value is not affected by a MCLR nor Brown-out Reset. After either one of these Resets, the RABIF flag will continue to be set if a mismatch is present. The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for wake-up on key depression operation and operations where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while using the interrupt-on-change feature. All PORTB pins have individually controlled weak internal pull-up. When set, each bit of the WPUB register enables the corresponding pin pull-up. When cleared, the RABPU bit of the INTCON2 register enables pullups on all pins which also have their corresponding WPUB bit set. When set, the RABPU bit disables all weak pull-ups. The weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset. CLRF PORTB ; Initialize PORTB by ; clearing output ; data latches CLRF LATB ; Alternate method ; to clear output ; data latches MOVLW 0F0h ; Value used to ; initialize data ; direction MOVWF TRISB ; Set RB<7:4> as outputs Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the RABIF interrupt flag may not get set. Furthermore, since a read or write on a port affects all bits of that port, care must be taken when using multiple pins in Interrupt-on-change mode. Changes on one pin may not be seen while servicing changes on another pin. Note: On a Power-on Reset, RB<5:4> are configured as analog inputs by default and read as ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 90 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 9-6: PORTB: PORTB REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 RB<7:4>: PORTB I/O Pin bit 1 = Port pin is >VIH 0 = Port pin is : PORTB Tri-State Control bit 1 = PORTB pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = PORTB pin configured as an output bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 91 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 9-8: WPUB: WEAK PULL-UP PORTB REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 WPUB<7:4>: Weak Pull-up Enable bit 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ REGISTER 9-9: IOCB: INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE PORTB REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 IOCB7 IOCB6 IOCB5 IOCB4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 IOCB<7:4>: Interrupt-on-change bits 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ REGISTER 9-10: LATB: PORTB DATA LATCH REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 LATB<7:4>: RB<7:4> Port I/O Output Latch Register bits bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 92 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 9-3: PORTB I/O SUMMARY Pin Function TRIS Setting I/O I/O Type Description RB4/IOCB4/AN10/ SDI/SDA RB4 0 O DIG LATB<4> data output; not affected by analog input. 1 I TTL PORTB<4> data input; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCB4 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change. AN10 1 I ANA ADC input channel 10. SDI 1 I ST SPI data input (MSSP module). SDA 1 I DIG I2C™ data output (MSSP module); takes priority over port data. 1 O I2C I2C™ data input (MSSP module); input type depends on module setting. RB5/IOCB5/AN11/ RX/DT RB5 0 O DIG LATB<5> data output. 1 I TTL PORTB<5> data input; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCB5 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change. AN11 1 I ANA ADC input channel 11. RX 1 I ST Asynchronous serial receive data input (USART module). DT 1 O DIGSynchronous serial data output (USART module); takes priority over port data. 1 I STSynchronous serial data input (USART module). User must configure as an input. RB6/IOCB6/SCK/ SCL RB6 0 O DIG LATB<6> data output. 1 I TTL PORTB<6> data input; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCB6 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change. SCK 0 O DIG SPI clock output (MSSP module); takes priority over port data. 1 I ST SPI clock input (MSSP module). SCL 0 O DIG I2C™ clock output (MSSP module); takes priority over port data. 1 I I2C I2C™ clock input (MSSP module); input type depends on module setting. RB7/IOCB7/TX/CK RB7 0 O DIG LATB<7> data output. 1 I TTL PORTB<7> data input; Programmable weak pull-up. IOCB7 1 I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change. TX 1 O DIGAsynchronous serial transmit data output (USART module); takes priority over port data. User must configure as output. CK 1 O DIGSynchronous serial clock output (USART module); takes priority over port data. 1 I ST Synchronous serial clock input (USART module). Legend: DIG = Digital level output; TTL = TTL input buffer; ST = Schmitt Trigger input buffer; ANA = Analog level input/output; x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 93 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 9-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 — — — — 288 LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 — — — — 288 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 — — — — 288 WPUB WPUB7 WPUB6 WPUB5 WPUB4 — — — — 288 IOCB IOCB7 IOCB6 IOCB5 IOCB4 288 SLRCON — — — — — SLRC SLRB SLRA 288 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 INTCON2 RABPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 — TMR0IP — RABIP 285 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 288 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 286 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 94 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 9.3 PORTC, TRISC and LATC Registers PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an input (i.e., disable the output driver). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., enable the output driver and put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). The PORTC Data Latch register (LATC) is also memory mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATC register read and write the latched output value for PORTC. All the pins on PORTC are implemented with Schmitt Trigger input buffer. Each pin is individually configurable as an input or output. EXAMPLE 9-3: INITIALIZING PORTC Note: On a Power-on Reset, RC<7:6> and RC<3:0> are configured as analog inputs and read as ‘0’. CLRF PORTC ; Initialize PORTC by ; clearing output ; data latches CLRF LATC ; Alternate method ; to clear output ; data latches MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to ; initialize data ; direction MOVWF TRISC ; Set RC<3:0> as inputs ; RC<5:4> as outputs ; RC<7:6> as inputs REGISTER 9-11: PORTC: PORTC REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-0 RC<7:0>: PORTC I/O Pin bit 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL REGISTER 9-12: TRISC: PORTC TRI-STATE REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-0 TRISC<7:0>: PORTC Tri-State Control bit 1 = PORTC pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = PORTC pin configured as an output  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 95 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 9-13: LATC: PORTC DATA LATCH REGISTER R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-0 LATC<7:0>: RB<7:0> Port I/O Output Latch Register bits PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 96 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 9-14: PORTC I/O SUMMARY Pin Function TRIS Setting I/O I/O Type Description RC0/AN4/ C12IN+/VREF+/ INT0 RC0 0 O DIG LATC<0> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<0> data input. AN4 1 I ANA A/D input channel 4. C12IN+ 1 I ANA Comparators C1 and C2 non-inverting input. Analog select is shared with ADC. VREF+ 1 I ANA ADC and comparator voltage reference high input. INT0 1 I ST External Interrupt 0 input. RC1/AN5/ C12IN1-/VREF-/ INT1 RC1 0 O DIG LATC<1> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<1> data input. AN5 1 I ANA A/D input channel 5. C12IN1- 1 I ANA Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input. Analog select is shared with ADC. VREF- 1 I ANA ADC and comparator voltage reference low input. INT1 1 I ST External Interrupt 1 input. RC2/AN6/ C12IN2-/CVREF/ P1D/INT2 RC2 0 O DIG LATC<2> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<2> data input. AN6 1 I ANA A/D input channel 6. C12IN2- 1 I ANA Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input, channel 2. Analog select is shared with ADC. CVREF x O ANA Voltage reference output. Enabling this feature disables digital I/O. P1D 0 O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, channel D. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data. INT2 1 I ST External Interrupt 2 input. RC3/AN7/ C12IN3-/P1C/ PGM RC3 0 O DIG LATC<3> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<3> data input. AN7 1 I ANA A/D input channel 7. C12IN3- 1 I ANA Comparators C1 and C2 inverting input, channel 3. Analog select is shared with ADC. P1C 0 O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, channel C. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data. PGM x I ST Single-Supply Programming mode entry (ICSP™). Enabled by LVP Configuration bit; all other pin functions disabled. RC4/C12OUT/ P1B RC4 0 O DIG LATC<4> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<4> data input. C12OUT 0 O DIG Comparator 1 and 2 output; takes priority over port data. P1B 0 O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, channel B. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data. Legend: DIG = Digital level output; TTL = TTL input buffer; ST = Schmitt Trigger input buffer; ANA = Analog level input/output; I2C/SMB = I2C/SMBus input buffer; x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 97 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 9-5: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC RC5/CCP1/P1A/ T0CKI RC5 0 O DIG LATC<5> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<5> data input. CCP1 0 O DIG ECCP1 compare or PWM output; takes priority over port data. 1 I ST ECCP1 capture input. P1A 0 0 DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, channel A. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data T0CKI 1 I ST Timer0 counter input. RC6/AN8/SS/ T13CKI/T1OSCI RC6 0 O DIG LATC<6> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<6> data input. AN8 1 I ANA A/D input channel 8. SS 1 I TTL Slave select input for SSP (MSSP module) T13CKI 1 I ST Timer1 and Timer3 counter input. T1OSCI x O ANA Timer1 oscillator input; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables digital I/O. RC7/AN9/SDO/ T1OSCO RC7 0 O DIG LATC<7> data output. 1 I ST PORTC<7> data input. AN9 1 I ANA A/D input channel 9. SDO 0 I DIG SPI data output (MSSP module); takes priority over port data. T1OSCO x O ANA Timer1 oscillator output; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables digital I/O. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 288 LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 ANSEL ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — 288 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 288 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 286 T3CON RD16 — T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 287 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 286 CCP1CON P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 287 ECCP1AS ECCPASE ECCPAS2 ECCPAS1 ECCPAS0 PSSAC1 PSSAC0 PSSBD1 PSSBD0 287 PSTRCON — — — STRSYNC STRD STRC STRB STRA 287 SLRCON — — — — — SLRC SLRB SLRA 288 REFCON1 D1EN D1LPS DAC1OE --- D1PSS1 D1PSS0 --- D1NSS 287 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 INTCON2 RABPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 — TMR0IP — RABIP 285 INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP — INT2IE INT1IE — INT2IF INT1IF 285 TABLE 9-14: PORTC I/O SUMMARY (CONTINUED) Pin Function TRIS Setting I/O I/O Type Description Legend: DIG = Digital level output; TTL = TTL input buffer; ST = Schmitt Trigger input buffer; ANA = Analog level input/output; I2C/SMB = I2C/SMBus input buffer; x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option). PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 98 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 9.4 Port Analog Control Some port pins are multiplexed with analog functions such as the Analog-to-Digital Converter and comparators. When these I/O pins are to be used as analog inputs it is necessary to disable the digital input buffer to avoid excessive current caused by improper biasing of the digital input. Individual control of the digital input buffers on pins which share analog functions is provided by the ANSEL and ANSELH registers. Setting an ANSx bit high will disable the associated digital input buffer and cause all reads of that pin to return ‘0’ while allowing analog functions of that pin to operate correctly. The state of the ANSx bits has no affect on digital output functions. A pin with the associated TRISx bit clear and ANSx bit set will still operate as a digital output but the Input mode will be analog. REGISTER 9-15: ANSEL: ANALOG SELECT REGISTER 1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 ANS7: RC3 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC3 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC3 is enabled bit 6 ANS6: RC2 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC2 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC2 is enabled bit 5 ANS5: RC1 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC1 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC1 is enabled bit 4 ANS4: RC0 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC0 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC0 is enabled bit 3 ANS3: RA4 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RA4 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RA4 is enabled bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 99 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 9-16: ANSELH: ANALOG SELECT REGISTER 2 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 3 ANS11: RB5 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RB5 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RB5 is enabled bit 2 ANS10: RB4 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RB4 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RB4 is enabled bit 1 ANS9: RC7 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC7 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC7 is enabled bit 0 ANS8: RC6 Analog Select Control bit 1 = Digital input buffer of RC6 is disabled 0 = Digital input buffer of RC6 is enabled PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 100 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 9.5 Port Slew Rate Control The output slew rate of each port is programmable to select either the standard transition rate or a reduced transition rate of 0.1 times the standard to minimize EMI. The reduced transition time is the default slew rate for all ports. REGISTER 9-17: SLRCON: SLEW RATE CONTROL REGISTER U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 — — — — — SLRC SLRB SLRA bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 2 SLRC: PORTC Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTC slew at 0.1 times the standard rate 0 = All outputs on PORTC slew at the standard rate bit 1 SLRB: PORTB Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTB slew at 0.1 times the standard rate 0 = All outputs on PORTB slew at the standard rate bit 0 SLRA: PORTA Slew Rate Control bit 1 = All outputs on PORTA slew at 0.1 times the standard rate(1) 0 = All outputs on PORTA slew at the standard rate Note 1: The slew rate of RA4 defaults to standard rate when the pin is used as CLKOUT.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 101 PIC18F/LF1XK50 10.0 TIMER0 MODULE The Timer0 module incorporates the following features: • Software selectable operation as a timer or counter in both 8-bit or 16-bit modes • Readable and writable registers • Dedicated 8-bit, software programmable prescaler • Selectable clock source (internal or external) • Edge select for external clock • Interrupt-on-overflow The T0CON register (Register 10-1) controls all aspects of the module’s operation, including the prescale selection. It is both readable and writable. A simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 8-bit mode is shown in Figure 10-1. Figure 10-2 shows a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 16-bit mode. REGISTER 10-1: T0CON: TIMER0 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 TMR0ON: Timer0 On/Off Control bit 1 = Enables Timer0 0 = Stops Timer0 bit 6 T08BIT: Timer0 8-bit/16-bit Control bit 1 = Timer0 is configured as an 8-bit timer/counter 0 = Timer0 is configured as a 16-bit timer/counter bit 5 T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) bit 4 T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin bit 3 PSA: Timer0 Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = TImer0 prescaler is NOT assigned. Timer0 clock input bypasses prescaler. 0 = Timer0 prescaler is assigned. Timer0 clock input comes from prescaler output. bit 2-0 T0PS<2:0>: Timer0 Prescaler Select bits 111 = 1:256 prescale value 110 = 1:128 prescale value 101 = 1:64 prescale value 100 = 1:32 prescale value 011 = 1:16 prescale value 010 = 1:8 prescale value 001 = 1:4 prescale value 000 = 1:2 prescale value PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 102 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 10.1 Timer0 Operation Timer0 can operate as either a timer or a counter; the mode is selected with the T0CS bit of the T0CON register. In Timer mode (T0CS = 0), the module increments on every clock by default unless a different prescaler value is selected (see Section 10.3 “Prescaler”). Timer0 incrementing is inhibited for two instruction cycles following a TMR0 register write. The user can work around this by adjusting the value written to the TMR0 register to compensate for the anticipated missing increments. The Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (= 1). In this mode, Timer0 increments either on every rising or falling edge of the T0CKI pin. The incrementing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit, T0SE of the T0CON register; clearing this bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed below. An external clock source can be used to drive Timer0; however, it must meet certain requirements (see Table 27-6) to ensure that the external clock can be synchronized with the internal phase clock (TOSC). There is a delay between synchronization and the onset of incrementing the timer/counter. 10.2 Timer0 Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode TMR0H is not the actual high byte of Timer0 in 16-bit mode; it is actually a buffered version of the real high byte of Timer0 which is neither directly readable nor writable (refer to Figure 10-2). TMR0H is updated with the contents of the high byte of Timer0 during a read of TMR0L. This provides the ability to read all 16 bits of Timer0 without the need to verify that the read of the high and low byte were valid. Invalid reads could otherwise occur due to a rollover between successive reads of the high and low byte. Similarly, a write to the high byte of Timer0 must also take place through the TMR0H Buffer register. Writing to TMR0H does not directly affect Timer0. Instead, the high byte of Timer0 is updated with the contents of TMR0H when a write occurs to TMR0L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer0 to be updated at once. FIGURE 10-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (8-BIT MODE) Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale. T0CKI pin T0SE 0 1 0 1 T0CS FOSC/4 Programmable Prescaler Sync with Internal Clocks TMR0L (2 TCY Delay) PSA Internal Data Bus T0PS<2:0> Set TMR0IF on Overflow 3 8 8  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 103 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 10-2: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT MODE) 10.3 Prescaler An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module. The prescaler is not directly readable or writable; its value is set by the PSA and T0PS<2:0> bits of the T0CON register which determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. Clearing the PSA bit assigns the prescaler to the Timer0 module. When the prescaler is assigned, prescale values from 1:2 through 1:256 in integer power-of-2 increments are selectable. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF TMR0, MOVWF TMR0, BSF TMR0, etc.) clear the prescaler count. 10.3.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT The prescaler assignment is fully under software control and can be changed “on-the-fly” during program execution. 10.4 Timer0 Interrupt The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 register overflows from FFh to 00h in 8-bit mode, or from FFFFh to 0000h in 16-bit mode. This overflow sets the TMR0IF flag bit. The interrupt can be masked by clearing the TMR0IE bit of the INTCON register. Before re-enabling the interrupt, the TMR0IF bit must be cleared by software in the Interrupt Service Routine. Since Timer0 is shut down in Sleep mode, the TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor from Sleep. TABLE 10-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0 Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale. T0CKI pin T0SE 0 1 0 1 T0CS FOSC/4 Programmable Prescaler Sync with Internal Clocks TMR0L (2 TCY Delay) Internal Data Bus 8 PSA T0PS<2:0> Set TMR0IF on Overflow 3 TMR0 TMR0H High Byte 8 8 8 Read TMR0L Write TMR0L 8 Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler count but will not change the prescaler assignment. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page TMR0L Timer0 Register, Low Byte 286 TMR0H Timer0 Register, High Byte 286 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 286 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 Legend: Shaded cells are not used by Timer0. Note 1: PORTA<7:6> and their direction bits are individually configured as port pins based on various primary oscillator modes. When disabled, these bits read as ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 104 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 105 PIC18F/LF1XK50 11.0 TIMER1 MODULE The Timer1 timer/counter module incorporates the following features: • Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or counter • Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR1H and TMR1L) • Selectable internal or external clock source and Timer1 oscillator options • Interrupt-on-overflow • Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger • Device clock status flag (T1RUN) A simplified block diagram of the Timer1 module is shown in Figure 11-1. A block diagram of the module’s operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 11-2. The module incorporates its own low-power oscillator to provide an additional clocking option. The Timer1 oscillator can also be used as a low-power clock source for the microcontroller in power-managed operation. Timer1 can also be used to provide Real-Time Clock (RTC) functionality to applications with only a minimal addition of external components and code overhead. Timer1 is controlled through the T1CON Control register (Register 11-1). It also contains the Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit (T1OSCEN). Timer1 can be enabled or disabled by setting or clearing control bit, TMR1ON of the T1CON register. REGISTER 11-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 RD16: 16-bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit 1 = Enables register read/write of TImer1 in one 16-bit operation 0 = Enables register read/write of Timer1 in two 8-bit operations bit 6 T1RUN: Timer1 System Clock Status bit 1 = Main system clock is derived from Timer1 oscillator 0 = Main system clock is derived from another source bit 5-4 T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits 11 = 1:8 Prescale value 10 = 1:4 Prescale value 01 = 1:2 Prescale value 00 = 1:1 Prescale value bit 3 T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit 1 = Timer1 oscillator is enabled 0 = Timer1 oscillator is shut off The oscillator inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain. bit 2 T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Select bit When TMR1CS = 1: 1 = Do not synchronize external clock input 0 = Synchronize external clock input When TMR1CS = 0: This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0. bit 1 TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit 1 = External clock from the T13CKI pin (on the rising edge) 0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4) bit 0 TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit 1 = Enables Timer1 0 = Stops Timer1 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 106 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 11.1 Timer1 Operation Timer1 can operate in one of the following modes: • Timer • Synchronous Counter • Asynchronous Counter The operating mode is determined by the clock select bit, TMR1CS of the T1CON register. When TMR1CS is cleared (= 0), Timer1 increments on every internal instruction cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer1 increments on every rising edge of either the Timer1 external clock input or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled. When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, the digital circuitry associated with the T1OSI and T1OSO pins is disabled. This means the values of TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are read as ‘0’. FIGURE 11-1: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM FIGURE 11-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE) T1SYNC TMR1CS T1CKPS<1:0> Sleep Input T1OSCEN(1) FOSC/4 Internal Clock On/Off Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 Synchronize Detect 1 0 2 T1OSI/T13CKI T1OSO 1 0 TMR1ON TMR1L Set TMR1IF on Overflow TMR1 Clear TMR1 High Byte (CCP Special Event Trigger) Timer1 Oscillator Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain. On/Off Timer1 Timer1 Clock Input T1SYNC TMR1CS T1CKPS<1:0> Sleep Input T1OSCEN(1) FOSC/4 Internal Clock Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 Synchronize Detect 1 0 2 T1OSI/T13CKI T1OSO Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain. 1 0 TMR1L Internal Data Bus 8 Set TMR1IF on Overflow TMR1 TMR1H High Byte 8 8 8 Read TMR1L Write TMR1L 8 TMR1ON Clear TMR1 (CCP Special Event Trigger) Timer1 Oscillator On/Off Timer1 Timer1 Clock Input  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 107 PIC18F/LF1XK50 11.2 Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Timer1 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes (see Figure 11-2). When the RD16 control bit of the T1CON register is set, the address for TMR1H is mapped to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer1. A read from TMR1L will load the contents of the high byte of Timer1 into the Timer1 high byte buffer. This provides the user with the ability to accurately read all 16 bits of Timer1 without the need to determine whether a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low byte, has become invalid due to a rollover or carry between reads. Writing to TMR1H does not directly affect Timer1. Instead, the high byte of Timer1 is updated with the contents of TMR1H when a write occurs to TMR1L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer1 to be updated at once. The high byte of Timer1 is not directly readable or writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take place through the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register. Writes to TMR1H do not clear the Timer1 prescaler. The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR1L. 11.3 Timer1 Oscillator An on-chip crystal oscillator circuit is incorporated between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by setting the Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit, T1OSCEN of the T1CON register. The oscillator is a low-power circuit rated for 32 kHz crystals. It will continue to run during all power-managed modes. The circuit for a typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 11-3. Table 11-1 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator. The user must provide a software time delay to ensure proper start-up of the Timer1 oscillator. FIGURE 11-3: EXTERNAL COMPONENTS FOR THE TIMER1 LP OSCILLATOR TABLE 11-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR THE TIMER OSCILLATOR 11.3.1 USING TIMER1 AS A CLOCK SOURCE The Timer1 oscillator is also available as a clock source in power-managed modes. By setting the clock select bits, SCS<1:0> of the OSCCON register, to ‘01’, the device switches to SEC_RUN mode; both the CPU and peripherals are clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. If the IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register is cleared and a SLEEP instruction is executed, the device enters SEC_IDLE mode. Additional details are available in Section 19.0 “Power-Managed Modes”. Whenever the Timer1 oscillator is providing the clock source, the Timer1 system clock status flag, T1RUN of the T1CON register, is set. This can be used to determine the controller’s current clocking mode. It can also indicate which clock source is currently being used by the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor. If the Clock Monitor is enabled and the Timer1 oscillator fails while providing the clock, polling the T1RUN bit will indicate whether the clock is being provided by the Timer1 oscillator or another source. Note: See the Notes with Table 11-1 for additional information about capacitor selection. C1 C2 XTAL T1OSI T1OSO 32.768 kHz 27 pF 27 pF PIC® MCU Osc Type Freq C1 C2 LP 32 kHz 27 pF(1) 27 pF(1) Note 1: Microchip suggests these values only as a starting point in validating the oscillator circuit. 2: Higher capacitance increases the stability of the oscillator but also increases the start-up time. 3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. 4: Capacitor values are for design guidance only. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 108 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 11.3.2 TIMER1 OSCILLATOR LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS The Timer1 oscillator circuit draws very little power during operation. Due to the low-power nature of the oscillator, it may also be sensitive to rapidly changing signals in close proximity. The oscillator circuit, shown in Figure 11-3, should be located as close as possible to the microcontroller. There should be no circuits passing within the oscillator circuit boundaries other than VSS or VDD. If a high-speed circuit must be located near the oscillator (such as the CCP1 pin in Output Compare or PWM mode, or the primary oscillator using the OSC2 pin), a grounded guard ring around the oscillator circuit, as shown in Figure 11-4, may be helpful when used on a single-sided PCB or in addition to a ground plane. FIGURE 11-4: OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT WITH GROUNDED GUARD RING 11.4 Timer1 Interrupt The TMR1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The Timer1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow, which is latched in the TMR1IF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register. This interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the TMR1IE Interrupt Enable bit of the PIE1 register. 11.5 Resetting Timer1 Using the CCP Special Event Trigger If either of the CCP modules is configured to use Timer1 and generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode (CCP1M<3:0> or CCP2M<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer1. The trigger from CCP2 will also start an A/D conversion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 14.3.4 “Special Event Trigger” for more information). The module must be configured as either a timer or a synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature. When used this way, the CCPRH:CCPRL register pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer1. If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode, this Reset operation may not work. In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a special Event Trigger, the write operation will take precedence. VDD OSC1 VSS OSC2 RC0 RC1 RC2 Note: Not drawn to scale. Note: The Special Event Triggers from the CCP2 module will not set the TMR1IF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 109 PIC18F/LF1XK50 11.6 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the one described in Section 11.3 “Timer1 Oscillator” above) gives users the option to include RTC functionality to their applications. This is accomplished with an inexpensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time base and several lines of application code to calculate the time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC device and battery backup. The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in Example 11-1, demonstrates a simple method to increment a counter at one-second intervals using an Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1 register pair to overflow triggers the interrupt and calls the routine, which increments the seconds counter by one; additional counters for minutes and hours are incremented on overflows of the less significant counters. Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, a 32.768 kHz clock source will take 2 seconds to count up to overflow. To force the overflow at the required one-second intervals, it is necessary to preload it; the simplest method is to set the MSb of TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L register is never preloaded or altered; doing so may introduce cumulative error over many cycles. For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1), as shown in the routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be enabled and running at all times. EXAMPLE 11-1: IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE RTCinit MOVLW 80h ; Preload TMR1 register pair MOVWF TMR1H ; for 1 second overflow CLRF TMR1L MOVLW b’00001111’ ; Configure for external clock, MOVWF T1CON ; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator CLRF secs ; Initialize timekeeping registers CLRF mins ; MOVLW .12 MOVWF hours BSF PIE1, TMR1IE ; Enable Timer1 interrupt RETURN RTCisr BSF TMR1H, 7 ; Preload for 1 sec overflow BCF PIR1, TMR1IF ; Clear interrupt flag INCF secs, F ; Increment seconds MOVLW .59 ; 60 seconds elapsed? CPFSGT secs RETURN ; No, done CLRF secs ; Clear seconds INCF mins, F ; Increment minutes MOVLW .59 ; 60 minutes elapsed? CPFSGT mins RETURN ; No, done CLRF mins ; clear minutes INCF hours, F ; Increment hours MOVLW .23 ; 24 hours elapsed? CPFSGT hours RETURN ; No, done CLRF hours ; Reset hours RETURN ; Done PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 110 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 11-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 TMR1L Timer1 Register, Low Byte 286 TMR1H Timer1 Register, High Byte 286 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 286 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 288 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 286 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 111 PIC18F/LF1XK50 12.0 TIMER2 MODULE The Timer2 module timer incorporates the following features: • 8-bit timer and period registers (TMR2 and PR2, respectively) • Readable and writable (both registers) • Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4 and 1:16) • Software programmable postscaler (1:1 through 1:16) • Interrupt on TMR2-to-PR2 match • Optional use as the shift clock for the MSSP module The module is controlled through the T2CON register (Register 12-1), which enables or disables the timer and configures the prescaler and postscaler. Timer2 can be shut off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON of the T2CON register, to minimize power consumption. A simplified block diagram of the module is shown in Figure 12-1. 12.1 Timer2 Operation In normal operation, TMR2 is incremented from 00h on each clock (FOSC/4). A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the clock input gives direct input, divide-by-4 and divide-by-16 prescale options; these are selected by the prescaler control bits, T2CKPS<1:0> of the T2CON register. The value of TMR2 is compared to that of the period register, PR2, on each clock cycle. When the two values match, the comparator generates a match signal as the timer output. This signal also resets the value of TMR2 to 00h on the next cycle and drives the output counter/postscaler (see Section 12.2 “Timer2 Interrupt”). The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both directly readable and writable. The TMR2 register is cleared on any device Reset, whereas the PR2 register initializes to FFh. Both the prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared on the following events: • a write to the TMR2 register • a write to the T2CON register • any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset, Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset) TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written. REGISTER 12-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6-3 T2OUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits 0000 = 1:1 Postscale 0001 = 1:2 Postscale • • • 1111 = 1:16 Postscale bit 2 TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit 1 = Timer2 is on 0 = Timer2 is off bit 1-0 T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits 00 = Prescaler is 1 01 = Prescaler is 4 1x = Prescaler is 16 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 112 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 12.2 Timer2 Interrupt Timer2 can also generate an optional device interrupt. The Timer2 output signal (TMR2-to-PR2 match) provides the input for the 4-bit output counter/postscaler. This counter generates the TMR2 match interrupt flag which is latched in TMR2IF of the PIR1 register. The interrupt is enabled by setting the TMR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit, TMR2IE of the PIE1 register. A range of 16 postscale options (from 1:1 through 1:16 inclusive) can be selected with the postscaler control bits, T2OUTPS<3:0> of the T2CON register. 12.3 Timer2 Output The unscaled output of TMR2 is available primarily to the CCP modules, where it is used as a time base for operations in PWM mode. Timer2 can be optionally used as the shift clock source for the MSSP module operating in SPI mode. Additional information is provided in Section 14.0 “Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module”. FIGURE 12-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM TABLE 12-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 TMR2 Timer2 Register 286 T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 286 PR2 Timer2 Period Register 286 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module. Comparator TMR2 Output TMR2 Postscaler Prescaler PR2 2 FOSC/4 1:1 to 1:16 1:1, 1:4, 1:16 4 T2OUTPS<3:0> T2CKPS<1:0> Set TMR2IF Internal Data Bus 8 Reset TMR2/PR2 8 8 (to PWM or MSSP) Match  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 113 PIC18F/LF1XK50 13.0 TIMER3 MODULE The Timer3 module timer/counter incorporates these features: • Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or counter • Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR3H and TMR3L) • Selectable clock source (internal or external) with device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options • Interrupt-on-overflow • Module Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger A simplified block diagram of the Timer3 module is shown in Figure 13-1. A block diagram of the module’s operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 13-2. The Timer3 module is controlled through the T3CON register (Register 13-1). It also selects the clock source options for the CCP modules (see Section 14.1.1 “CCP Module and Timer Resources” for more information). REGISTER 13-1: T3CON: TIMER3 CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 RD16 — T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 RD16: 16-bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit 1 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in one 16-bit operation 0 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in two 8-bit operations bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-4 T3CKPS<1:0>: Timer3 Input Clock Prescale Select bits 11 = 1:8 Prescale value 10 = 1:4 Prescale value 01 = 1:2 Prescale value 00 = 1:1 Prescale value bit 3 T3CCP1: Timer3 and Timer1 to CCP1 Enable bits 1 = Timer3 is the clock source for compare/capture of ECCP1 0 = Timer1 is the clock source for compare/capture of ECCP1 bit 2 T3SYNC: Timer3 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit (Not usable if the device clock comes from Timer1/Timer3.) When TMR3CS = 1: 1 = Do not synchronize external clock input 0 = Synchronize external clock input When TMR3CS = 0: This bit is ignored. Timer3 uses the internal clock when TMR3CS = 0. bit 1 TMR3CS: Timer3 Clock Source Select bit 1 = External clock input from Timer1 oscillator or T13CKI (on the rising edge after the first falling edge) 0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4) bit 0 TMR3ON: Timer3 On bit 1 = Enables Timer3 0 = Stops Timer3 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 114 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 13.1 Timer3 Operation Timer3 can operate in one of three modes: • Timer • Synchronous Counter • Asynchronous Counter The operating mode is determined by the clock select bit, TMR3CS of the T3CON register. When TMR3CS is cleared (= 0), Timer3 increments on every internal instruction cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer3 increments on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled. As with Timer1, the digital circuitry associated with the RC1/T1OSI and RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins is disabled when the Timer1 oscillator is enabled. This means the values of TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are read as ‘0’. FIGURE 13-1: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM T3SYNC TMR3CS T3CKPS<1:0> Sleep Input T1OSCEN(1) FOSC/4 Internal Clock Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 Synchronize Detect 1 0 2 T1OSO/T13CKI T1OSI 1 0 TMR3ON TMR3L Set TMR3IF on Overflow TMR3 High Byte Timer1 Oscillator Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain. On/Off Timer3 CCP1 Special Event Trigger CCP1 Select from T3CON<3> Clear TMR3 Timer1 Clock Input  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 115 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 13-2: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE) 13.2 Timer3 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Timer3 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes (see Figure 13-2). When the RD16 control bit of the T3CON register is set, the address for TMR3H is mapped to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer3. A read from TMR3L will load the contents of the high byte of Timer3 into the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register. This provides the user with the ability to accurately read all 16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between reads. A write to the high byte of Timer3 must also take place through the TMR3H Buffer register. The Timer3 high byte is updated with the contents of TMR3H when a write occurs to TMR3L. This allows a user to write all 16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer3 at once. The high byte of Timer3 is not directly readable or writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take place through the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register. Writes to TMR3H do not clear the Timer3 prescaler. The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR3L. 13.3 Using the Timer1 Oscillator as the Timer3 Clock Source The Timer1 internal oscillator may be used as the clock source for Timer3. The Timer1 oscillator is enabled by setting the T1OSCEN bit of the T1CON register. To use it as the Timer3 clock source, the TMR3CS bit must also be set. As previously noted, this also configures Timer3 to increment on every rising edge of the oscillator source. The Timer1 oscillator is described in Section 11.0 “Timer1 Module”. 13.4 Timer3 Interrupt The TMR3 register pair (TMR3H:TMR3L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh and overflows to 0000h. The Timer3 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow and is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR3IF of the PIR2 register. This interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the Timer3 Interrupt Enable bit, TMR3IE of the PIE2 register. T3SYNC TMR3CS T3CKPS<1:0> Sleep Input T1OSCEN(1) FOSC/4 Internal Clock Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 Synchronize Detect 1 0 2 T13CKI/T1OSI T1OSO Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain. 1 0 TMR3L Internal Data Bus 8 Set TMR3IF on Overflow TMR3 TMR3H High Byte 8 8 8 Read TMR1L Write TMR1L 8 TMR3ON CCP1 Special Event Trigger Timer1 Oscillator On/Off Timer3 Timer1 Clock Input CCP1 Select from T3CON<3> Clear TMR3 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 116 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 13.5 Resetting Timer3 Using the CCP Special Event Trigger If CCP1 module is configured to use Timer3 and to generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode (CCP1M<3:0>), this signal will reset Timer3. It will also start an A/D conversion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 17.2.8 “Special Event Trigger” for more information). The module must be configured as either a timer or synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature. When used this way, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L register pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer3. If Timer3 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode, the Reset operation may not work. In the event that a write to Timer3 coincides with a Special Event Trigger from a CCP module, the write will take precedence. TABLE 13-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER3 AS A TIMER/COUNTER Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF CCP2IF 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE CCP2IE 288 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP CCP2IP 288 TMR3L Timer3 Register, Low Byte 287 TMR3H Timer3 Register, High Byte 287 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 286 T3CON RD16 — T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 287 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer3 module.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 117 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.0 ENHANCED CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM (ECCP) MODULE PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices have one ECCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) module. The module contains a 16-bit register which can operate as a 16-bit Capture register, a 16-bit Compare register or a PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle register. CCP1 is implemented as a standard CCP module with enhanced PWM capabilities. These include: • Provision for 2 or 4 output channels • Output steering • Programmable polarity • Programmable dead-band control • Automatic shutdown and restart. The enhanced features are discussed in detail in Section 14.4 “PWM (Enhanced Mode)”. REGISTER 14-1: CCP1CON: ENHANCED CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 P1M<1:0>: Enhanced PWM Output Configuration bits If CCP1M<3:2> = 00, 01, 10: xx = P1A assigned as Capture/Compare input/output; P1B, P1C, P1D assigned as port pins If CCP1M<3:2> = 11: 00 = Single output: P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D controlled by steering (See Section 14.4.7 “Pulse Steering Mode”). 01 = Full-bridge output forward: P1D modulated; P1A active; P1B, P1C inactive 10 = Half-bridge output: P1A, P1B modulated with dead-band control; P1C, P1D assigned as port pins 11 = Full-bridge output reverse: P1B modulated; P1C active; P1A, P1D inactive bit 5-4 DC1B<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle bit 1 and bit 0 Capture mode: Unused. Compare mode: Unused. PWM mode: These bits are the two LSbs of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs of the duty cycle are found in CCPR1L. bit 3-0 CCP1M<3:0>: Enhanced CCP Mode Select bits 0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets ECCP module) 0001 = Reserved 0010 = Compare mode, toggle output on match 0011 = Reserved 0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge 0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge 0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge 0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge 1000 = Compare mode, initialize CCP1 pin low, set output on compare match (set CCP1IF) 1001 = Compare mode, initialize CCP1 pin high, clear output on compare match (set CCP1IF) 1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt only, CCP1 pin reverts to I/O state 1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (ECCP resets TMR1 or TMR3, start A/D conversion, sets CC1IF bit) 1100 = PWM mode; P1A, P1C active-high; P1B, P1D active-high 1101 = PWM mode; P1A, P1C active-high; P1B, P1D active-low 1110 = PWM mode; P1A, P1C active-low; P1B, P1D active-high 1111 = PWM mode; P1A, P1C active-low; P1B, P1D active-low PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 118 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. In addition to the expanded range of modes available through the CCP1CON register and ECCP1AS register, the ECCP module has two additional registers associated with Enhanced PWM operation and auto-shutdown features. They are: • PWM1CON (Dead-band delay) • PSTRCON (output steering) 14.1 ECCP Outputs and Configuration The enhanced CCP module may have up to four PWM outputs, depending on the selected operating mode. These outputs, designated P1A through P1D, are multiplexed with I/O pins on PORTC. The outputs that are active depend on the CCP operating mode selected. The pin assignments are summarized in Table 14-2. To configure the I/O pins as PWM outputs, the proper PWM mode must be selected by setting the P1M<1:0> and CCP1M<3:0> bits. The appropriate TRISC direction bits for the port pins must also be set as outputs. 14.1.1 CCP MODULE AND TIMER RESOURCES The CCP modules utilize Timers 1, 2 or 3, depending on the mode selected. Timer1 and Timer3 are available to modules in Capture or Compare modes, while Timer2 is available for modules in PWM mode. TABLE 14-1: CCP MODE – TIMER RESOURCE The assignment of a particular timer to a module is determined by the Timer-to-CCP enable bits in the T3CON register (Register 13-1). The interactions between the two modules are summarized in Figure 14-1. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the capture operation will not work reliably. CCP/ECCP Mode Timer Resource Capture Timer1 or Timer3 Compare Timer1 or Timer3 PWM Timer2  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 119 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.2 Capture Mode In Capture mode, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L register pair captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 or TMR3 registers when an event occurs on the corresponding CCP1 pin. An event is defined as one of the following: • every falling edge • every rising edge • every 4th rising edge • every 16th rising edge The event is selected by the mode select bits, CCP1M<3:0> of the CCP1CON register. When a capture is made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCP1IF, is set; it must be cleared by software. If another capture occurs before the value in register CCPR1 is read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new captured value. 14.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION In Capture mode, the appropriate CCP1 pin should be configured as an input by setting the corresponding TRIS direction bit. 14.2.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION The timers that are to be used with the capture feature (Timer1 and/or Timer3) must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the capture operation may not work. The timer to be used with each CCP module is selected in the T3CON register (see Section 14.1.1 “CCP Module and Timer Resources”). 14.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the CCP1IE interrupt enable bit clear to avoid false interrupts. The interrupt flag bit, CCP1IF, should also be cleared following any such change in operating mode. 14.2.4 CCP PRESCALER There are four prescaler settings in Capture mode; they are specified as part of the operating mode selected by the mode select bits (CCP1M<3:0>). Whenever the CCP module is turned off or Capture mode is disabled, the prescaler counter is cleared. This means that any Reset will clear the prescaler counter. Switching from one capture prescaler to another may generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will not be cleared; therefore, the first capture may be from a non-zero prescaler. Example 14-1 shows the recommended method for switching between capture prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler counter and will not generate the “false” interrupt. EXAMPLE 14-1: CHANGING BETWEEN CAPTURE PRESCALERS FIGURE 14-1: CAPTURE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM Note: If the CCP1 pin is configured as an output, a write to the port can cause a capture condition. CLRF CCP1CON ; Turn CCP module off MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load WREG with the ; new prescaler mode ; value and CCP ON MOVWF CCP1CON ; Load CCP1CON with ; this value CCPR1H CCPR1L TMR1H TMR1L Set CCP1IF TMR3 Enable Q1:Q4 CCP1CON<3:0> CCP1 pin Prescaler  1, 4, 16 and Edge Detect TMR1 Enable T3CCP1 T3CCP1 TMR3H TMR3L 4 4 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 120 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 14.3 Compare Mode In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is constantly compared against either the TMR1 or TMR3 register pair value. When a match occurs, the CCP1 pin can be: • driven high • driven low • toggled (high-to-low or low-to-high) • remain unchanged (that is, reflects the state of the I/O latch) The action on the pin is based on the value of the mode select bits (CCP1M<3:0>). At the same time, the interrupt flag bit, CCP1IF, is set. 14.3.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION The user must configure the CCP1 pin as an output by clearing the appropriate TRIS bit. 14.3.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION Timer1 and/or Timer3 must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode if the CCP module is using the compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the compare operation will not work reliably. 14.3.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE When the Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen (CCP1M<3:0> = 1010), the CCP1 pin is not affected. Only the CCP1IF interrupt flag is affected. 14.3.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER The CCP module is equipped with a Special Event Trigger. This is an internal hardware signal generated in Compare mode to trigger actions by other modules. The Special Event Trigger is enabled by selecting the Compare Special Event Trigger mode (CCP1M<3:0> = 1011). The Special Event Trigger resets the timer register pair for whichever timer resource is currently assigned as the module’s time base. This allows the CCPR1 registers to serve as a programmable period register for either timer. The Special Event Trigger can also start an A/D conversion. In order to do this, the A/D converter must already be enabled. FIGURE 14-2: COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force the CCP1 compare output latch (depending on device configuration) to the default low level. This is not the PORTC I/O data latch. TMR1H TMR1L TMR3H TMR3L CCPR1H CCPR1L Comparator T3CCP1 Set CCP1IF 1 0 S Q R Output Logic Special Event Trigger CCP1 pin TRIS CCP1CON<3:0> 4 Output Enable (Timer1/Timer3 Reset, A/D Trigger) Compare Match  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 121 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4 PWM (Enhanced Mode) The Enhanced PWM Mode can generate a PWM signal on up to four different output pins with up to 10-bits of resolution. It can do this through four different PWM output modes: • Single PWM • Half-Bridge PWM • Full-Bridge PWM, Forward mode • Full-Bridge PWM, Reverse mode To select an Enhanced PWM mode, the P1M bits of the CCP1CON register must be set appropriately. The PWM outputs are multiplexed with I/O pins and are designated P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D. The polarity of the PWM pins is configurable and is selected by setting the CCP1M bits in the CCP1CON register appropriately. Table 14-1 shows the pin assignments for each Enhanced PWM mode. Figure 14-3 shows an example of a simplified block diagram of the Enhanced PWM module. FIGURE 14-3: EXAMPLE SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE ENHANCED PWM MODE TABLE 14-2: EXAMPLE PIN ASSIGNMENTS FOR VARIOUS PWM ENHANCED MODES Note: To prevent the generation of an incomplete waveform when the PWM is first enabled, the ECCP module waits until the start of a new PWM period before generating a PWM signal. CCPR1L CCPR1H (Slave) Comparator TMR2 Comparator PR2 (1) R Q S Duty Cycle Registers DC1B<1:0> Clear Timer2, toggle PWM pin and latch duty cycle Note 1: The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler to create the 10-bit time base. TRIS CCP1/P1A TRIS P1B TRIS P1C TRIS P1D Output Controller P1M<1:0> 2 CCP1M<3:0> 4 PWM1CON CCP1/P1A P1B P1C P1D Note 1: The TRIS register value for each PWM output must be configured appropriately. 2: Any pin not used by an Enhanced PWM mode is available for alternate pin functions. ECCP Mode P1M<1:0> CCP1/P1A P1B P1C P1D Single 00 Yes(1) Yes(1) Yes(1) Yes(1) Half-Bridge 10 Yes Yes No No Full-Bridge, Forward 01 Yes Yes Yes Yes Full-Bridge, Reverse 11 Yes Yes Yes Yes Note 1: Outputs are enabled by pulse steering in Single mode. See Register 14-4. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 122 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 14-4: EXAMPLE PWM (ENHANCED MODE) OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-HIGH STATE) 0 Period 00 10 01 11 Signal PR2+1 P1M<1:0> P1A Modulated P1A Modulated P1B Modulated P1A Active P1B Inactive P1C Inactive P1D Modulated P1A Inactive P1B Modulated P1C Active P1D Inactive Pulse Width (Single Output) (Half-Bridge) (Full-Bridge, Forward) (Full-Bridge, Reverse) Delay(1) Delay(1) Relationships: • Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value) • Pulse Width = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value) • Delay = 4 * TOSC * (PWM1CON<6:0>) Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the PWM1CON register (Section 14.4.6 “Programmable Dead-Band Delay mode”).  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 123 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 14-5: EXAMPLE ENHANCED PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE) 0 Period 00 10 01 11 Signal PR2+1 P1M<1:0> P1A Modulated P1A Modulated P1B Modulated P1A Active P1B Inactive P1C Inactive P1D Modulated P1A Inactive P1B Modulated P1C Active P1D Inactive Pulse Width (Single Output) (Half-Bridge) (Full-Bridge, Forward) (Full-Bridge, Reverse) Delay(1) Delay(1) Relationships: • Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value) • Pulse Width = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value) • Delay = 4 * TOSC * (PWM1CON<6:0>) Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the PWM1CON register (Section 14.4.6 “Programmable Dead-Band Delay mode”). PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 124 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 14.4.1 HALF-BRIDGE MODE In Half-Bridge mode, two pins are used as outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output signal is output on the CCP1/P1A pin, while the complementary PWM output signal is output on the P1B pin (see Figure 14-6). This mode can be used for Half-Bridge applications, as shown in Figure 14-7, or for Full-Bridge applications, where four power switches are being modulated with two PWM signals. In Half-Bridge mode, the programmable dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through current in Half-Bridge power devices. The value of the PDC<6:0> bits of the PWM1CON register sets the number of instruction cycles before the output is driven active. If the value is greater than the duty cycle, the corresponding output remains inactive during the entire cycle. See Section 14.4.6 “Programmable Dead-Band Delay mode” for more details of the dead-band delay operations. Since the P1A and P1B outputs are multiplexed with the PORT data latches, the associated TRIS bits must be cleared to configure P1A and P1B as outputs. FIGURE 14-6: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT FIGURE 14-7: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE APPLICATIONS Period Pulse Width td td (1) P1A(2) P1B(2) td = Dead-Band Delay Period (1) (1) Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register. 2: Output signals are shown as active-high. P1A P1B FET Driver FET Driver Load + - + - FET Driver FET Driver V+ Load FET Driver FET Driver P1A P1B Standard Half-Bridge Circuit (“Push-Pull”) Half-Bridge Output Driving a Full-Bridge Circuit  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 125 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4.2 FULL-BRIDGE MODE In Full-Bridge mode, all four pins are used as outputs. An example of Full-Bridge application is shown in Figure 14-8. In the Forward mode, pin CCP1/P1A is driven to its active state, pin P1D is modulated, while P1B and P1C will be driven to their inactive state as shown in Figure 14-9. In the Reverse mode, P1C is driven to its active state, pin P1B is modulated, while P1A and P1D will be driven to their inactive state as shown Figure 14-9. P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D outputs are multiplexed with the PORT data latches. The associated TRIS bits must be cleared to configure the P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D pins as outputs. FIGURE 14-8: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE APPLICATION P1A P1C FET Driver FET Driver V+ VLoad FET Driver FET Driver P1B P1D QA QB QD QC PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 126 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 14-9: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT Period Pulse Width P1A(2) P1B(2) P1C(2) P1D(2) Forward Mode (1) Period Pulse Width P1A(2) P1C(2) P1D(2) P1B(2) Reverse Mode (1) (1) (1) Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register. 2: Output signal is shown as active-high.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 127 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4.2.1 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode In the Full-Bridge mode, the P1M1 bit in the CCP1CON register allows users to control the forward/reverse direction. When the application firmware changes this direction control bit, the module will change to the new direction on the next PWM cycle. A direction change is initiated in software by changing the P1M1 bit of the CCP1CON register. The following sequence occurs prior to the end of the current PWM period: • The modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) are placed in their inactive state. • The associated unmodulated outputs (P1A and P1C) are switched to drive in the opposite direction. • PWM modulation resumes at the beginning of the next period. See Figure 14-10 for an illustration of this sequence. The Full-Bridge mode does not provide dead-band delay. As one output is modulated at a time, dead-band delay is generally not required. There is a situation where dead-band delay is required. This situation occurs when both of the following conditions are true: 1. The direction of the PWM output changes when the duty cycle of the output is at or near 100%. 2. The turn off time of the power switch, including the power device and driver circuit, is greater than the turn on time. Figure 14-11 shows an example of the PWM direction changing from forward to reverse, at a near 100% duty cycle. In this example, at time t1, the output P1A and P1D become inactive, while output P1C becomes active. Since the turn off time of the power devices is longer than the turn on time, a shoot-through current will flow through power devices QC and QD (see Figure 14-8) for the duration of ‘t’. The same phenomenon will occur to power devices QA and QB for PWM direction change from reverse to forward. If changing PWM direction at high duty cycle is required for an application, two possible solutions for eliminating the shoot-through current are: 1. Reduce PWM duty cycle for one PWM period before changing directions. 2. Use switch drivers that can drive the switches off faster than they can drive them on. Other options to prevent shoot-through current may exist. FIGURE 14-10: EXAMPLE OF PWM DIRECTION CHANGE Pulse Width Period(1) Signal Note 1: The direction bit P1M1 of the CCP1CON register is written any time during the PWM cycle. Period P1A (Active-High) P1B (Active-High) P1C (Active-High) P1D (Active-High) Pulse Width PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 128 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 14-11: EXAMPLE OF PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE 14.4.3 START-UP CONSIDERATIONS When any PWM mode is used, the application hardware must use the proper external pull-up and/or pull-down resistors on the PWM output pins. The CCP1M<1:0> bits of the CCP1CON register allow the user to choose whether the PWM output signals are active-high or active-low for each pair of PWM output pins (P1A/P1C and P1B/P1D). The PWM output polarities must be selected before the PWM pin output drivers are enabled. Changing the polarity configuration while the PWM pin output drivers are enable is not recommended since it may result in damage to the application circuits. The P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D output latches may not be in the proper states when the PWM module is initialized. Enabling the PWM pin output drivers at the same time as the Enhanced PWM modes may cause damage to the application circuit. The Enhanced PWM modes must be enabled in the proper Output mode and complete a full PWM cycle before enabling the PWM pin output drivers. The completion of a full PWM cycle is indicated by the TMR2IF bit of the PIR1 register being set as the second PWM period begins. Forward Period Reverse Period P1A TON TOFF T = TOFF – TON P1B P1C P1D External Switch D Potential Shoot-Through Current Note 1: All signals are shown as active-high. 2: TON is the turn on delay of power switch QC and its driver. 3: TOFF is the turn off delay of power switch QD and its driver. External Switch C t1 PW PW Note: When the microcontroller is released from Reset, all of the I/O pins are in the high-impedance state. The external circuits must keep the power switch devices in the Off state until the microcontroller drives the I/O pins with the proper signal levels or activates the PWM output(s).  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 129 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4.4 ENHANCED PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN MODE The PWM mode supports an Auto-Shutdown mode that will disable the PWM outputs when an external shutdown event occurs. Auto-Shutdown mode places the PWM output pins into a predetermined state. This mode is used to help prevent the PWM from damaging the application. The auto-shutdown sources are selected using the ECCPAS<2:0> bits of the ECCPAS register. A shutdown event may be generated by: • A logic ‘0’ on the INT0 pin • A logic ‘1’ on a comparator (Cx) output A shutdown condition is indicated by the ECCPASE (Auto-Shutdown Event Status) bit of the ECCPAS register. If the bit is a ‘0’, the PWM pins are operating normally. If the bit is a ‘1’, the PWM outputs are in the shutdown state. When a shutdown event occurs, two things happen: The ECCPASE bit is set to ‘1’. The ECCPASE will remain set until cleared in firmware or an auto-restart occurs (see Section 14.4.5 “Auto-Restart Mode”). The enabled PWM pins are asynchronously placed in their shutdown states. The PWM output pins are grouped into pairs [P1A/P1C] and [P1B/P1D]. The state of each pin pair is determined by the PSSAC and PSSBD bits of the ECCPAS register. Each pin pair may be placed into one of three states: • Drive logic ‘1’ • Drive logic ‘0’ • Tri-state (high-impedance) REGISTER 14-2: ECCP1AS: ENHANCED CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 ECCPASE ECCPAS2 ECCPAS1 ECCPAS0 PSSAC1 PSSAC0 PSSBD1 PSSBD0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 ECCPASE: ECCP Auto-Shutdown Event Status bit 1 = A shutdown event has occurred; ECCP outputs are in shutdown state 0 = ECCP outputs are operating bit 6-4 ECCPAS<2:0>: ECCP Auto-shutdown Source Select bits 000 = Auto-Shutdown is disabled 001 = Comparator C1OUT output is high 010 = Comparator C2OUT output is high 011 = Either Comparator C1OUT or C2OUT is high 100 = VIL on INT0 pin 101 = VIL on INT0 pin or Comparator C1OUT output is high 110 = VIL on INT0 pin or Comparator C2OUT output is high 111 = VIL on INT0 pin or Comparator C1OUT or Comparator C2OUT is high bit 3-2 PSSACn: Pins P1A and P1C Shutdown State Control bits 00 = Drive pins P1A and P1C to ‘0’ 01 = Drive pins P1A and P1C to ‘1’ 1x = Pins P1A and P1C tri-state bit 1-0 PSSBDn: Pins P1B and P1D Shutdown State Control bits 00 = Drive pins P1B and P1D to ‘0’ 01 = Drive pins P1B and P1D to ‘1’ 1x = Pins P1B and P1D tri-state PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 130 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 14-12: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN WITH FIRMWARE RESTART (PRSEN = 0) Note 1: The auto-shutdown condition is a level-based signal, not an edge-based signal. As long as the level is present, the auto-shutdown will persist. 2: Writing to the ECCPASE bit is disabled while an auto-shutdown condition persists. 3: Once the auto-shutdown condition has been removed and the PWM restarted (either through firmware or auto-restart) the PWM signal will always restart at the beginning of the next PWM period. 4: Prior to an auto-shutdown event caused by a comparator output or INT pin event, a software shutdown can be triggered in firmware by setting the CCPxASE bit to a ‘1’. The auto-restart feature tracks the active status of a shutdown caused by a comparator output or INT pin event only so, if it is enabled at this time. It will immediately clear this bit and restart the ECCP module at the beginning of the next PWM period. Shutdown PWM ECCPASE bit Activity Event Shutdown Event Occurs Shutdown Event Clears PWM Resumes Normal PWM Start of PWM Period ECCPASE Cleared by Firmware PWM Period  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 131 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4.5 AUTO-RESTART MODE The Enhanced PWM can be configured to automatically restart the PWM signal once the auto-shutdown condition has been removed. Auto-restart is enabled by setting the PRSEN bit in the PWM1CON register. If auto-restart is enabled, the ECCPASE bit will remain set as long as the auto-shutdown condition is active. When the auto-shutdown condition is removed, the ECCPASE bit will be cleared via hardware and normal operation will resume. FIGURE 14-13: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN WITH AUTO-RESTART ENABLED (PRSEN = 1) Shutdown PWM ECCPASE bit Activity Event Shutdown Event Occurs Shutdown Event Clears PWM Resumes Normal PWM Start of PWM Period PWM Period PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 132 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 14.4.6 PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND DELAY MODE In Half-Bridge applications where all power switches are modulated at the PWM frequency, the power switches normally require more time to turn off than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power switches are switched at the same time (one turned on, and the other turned off), both switches may be on for a short period of time until one switch completely turns off. During this brief interval, a very high current (shoot-through current) will flow through both power switches, shorting the bridge supply. To avoid this potentially destructive shoot-through current from flowing during switching, turning on either of the power switches is normally delayed to allow the other switch to completely turn off. In Half-Bridge mode, a digitally programmable dead-band delay is available to avoid shoot-through current from destroying the bridge power switches. The delay occurs at the signal transition from the non-active state to the active state. See Figure 14-14 for illustration. The lower seven bits of the associated PWM1CON register (Register 14-3) sets the delay period in terms of microcontroller instruction cycles (TCY or 4 TOSC). FIGURE 14-14: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT FIGURE 14-15: EXAMPLE OF HALF-BRIDGE APPLICATIONS Period Pulse Width td td (1) P1A(2) P1B(2) td = Dead-Band Delay Period (1) (1) Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register. 2: Output signals are shown as active-high. P1A P1B FET Driver FET Driver V+ VLoad + V- + VStandard Half-Bridge Circuit (“Push-Pull”)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 133 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 14-3: PWM1CON: ENHANCED PWM CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 PRSEN PDC6 PDC5 PDC4 PDC3 PDC2 PDC1 PDC0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 PRSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit 1 = Upon auto-shutdown, the ECCPASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown event goes away; the PWM restarts automatically 0 = Upon auto-shutdown, ECCPASE must be cleared by software to restart the PWM bit 6-0 PDC<6:0>: PWM Delay Count bits PDCn = Number of FOSC/4 (4 * TOSC) cycles between the scheduled time when a PWM signal should transition active and the actual time it transitions active PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 134 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 14.4.7 PULSE STEERING MODE In Single Output mode, pulse steering allows any of the PWM pins to be the modulated signal. Additionally, the same PWM signal can be simultaneously available on multiple pins. Once the Single Output mode is selected (CCP1M<3:2> = 11 and P1M<1:0> = 00 of the CCP1CON register), the user firmware can bring out the same PWM signal to one, two, three or four output pins by setting the appropriate STR bits of the PSTRCON register, as shown in Table 14-2. While the PWM Steering mode is active, CCP1M<1:0> bits of the CCP1CON register select the PWM output polarity for the P1 pins. The PWM auto-shutdown operation also applies to PWM Steering mode as described in Section 14.4.4 “Enhanced PWM Auto-shutdown mode”. An auto-shutdown event will only affect pins that have PWM outputs enabled. Note: The associated TRIS bits must be set to output (‘0’) to enable the pin output driver in order to see the PWM signal on the pin. REGISTER 14-4: PSTRCON: PULSE STEERING CONTROL REGISTER(1) U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 — — — STRSYNC STRD STRC STRB STRA bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 STRSYNC: Steering Sync bit 1 = Output steering update occurs on next PWM period 0 = Output steering update occurs at the beginning of the instruction cycle boundary bit 3 STRD: Steering Enable bit D 1 = P1D pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCP1M<1:0> 0 = P1D pin is assigned to port pin bit 2 STRC: Steering Enable bit C 1 = P1C pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCP1M<1:0> 0 = P1C pin is assigned to port pin bit 1 STRB: Steering Enable bit B 1 = P1B pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCP1M<1:0> 0 = P1B pin is assigned to port pin bit 0 STRA: Steering Enable bit A 1 = P1A pin has the PWM waveform with polarity control from CCP1M<1:0> 0 = P1A pin is assigned to port pin Note 1: The PWM Steering mode is available only when the CCP1CON register bits CCP1M<3:2> = 11 and P1M<1:0> = 00.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 135 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 14-16: SIMPLIFIED STEERING BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 0 TRIS P1A pin PORT Data P1A Signal STRA 1 0 TRIS P1B pin PORT Data STRB 1 0 TRIS P1C pin PORT Data STRC 1 0 TRIS P1D pin PORT Data STRD Note 1: Port outputs are configured as shown when the CCP1CON register bits P1M<1:0> = 00 and CCP1M<3:2> = 11. 2: Single PWM output requires setting at least one of the STRx bits. CCP1M1 CCP1M0 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 136 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 14.4.7.1 Steering Synchronization The STRSYNC bit of the PSTRCON register gives the user two selections of when the steering event will happen. When the STRSYNC bit is ‘0’, the steering event will happen at the end of the instruction that writes to the PSTRCON register. In this case, the output signal at the P1 pins may be an incomplete PWM waveform. This operation is useful when the user firmware needs to immediately remove a PWM signal from the pin. When the STRSYNC bit is ‘1’, the effective steering update will happen at the beginning of the next PWM period. In this case, steering on/off the PWM output will always produce a complete PWM waveform. Figures 14-17 and 14-18 illustrate the timing diagrams of the PWM steering depending on the STRSYNC setting. FIGURE 14-17: EXAMPLE OF STEERING EVENT AT END OF INSTRUCTION (STRSYNC = 0) FIGURE 14-18: EXAMPLE OF STEERING EVENT AT BEGINNING OF INSTRUCTION (STRSYNC = 1) PWM P1n = PWM STRn P1 PORT Data PWM Period PORT Data PWM PORT Data P1n = PWM STRn P1 PORT Data  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 137 PIC18F/LF1XK50 14.4.8 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED MODES In Sleep mode, all clock sources are disabled. Timer2 will not increment and the state of the module will not change. If the ECCP pin is driving a value, it will continue to drive that value. When the device wakes up, it will continue from this state. If Two-Speed Start-ups are enabled, the initial start-up frequency from HFINTOSC and the postscaler may not be stable immediately. In PRI_IDLE mode, the primary clock will continue to clock the ECCP module without change. In all other power-managed modes, the selected power-managed mode clock will clock Timer2. Other power-managed mode clocks will most likely be different than the primary clock frequency. 14.4.8.1 Operation with Fail-Safe Clock Monitor If the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled, a clock failure will force the device into the RC_RUN Power-Managed mode and the OSCFIF bit of the PIR2 register will be set. The ECCP will then be clocked from the internal oscillator clock source, which may have a different clock frequency than the primary clock. See the previous section for additional details. 14.4.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET Both Power-on Reset and subsequent Resets will force all ports to Input mode and the CCP registers to their Reset states. This forces the enhanced CCP module to reset to a state compatible with the standard CCP module. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 138 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 14-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ECCP1 MODULE AND TIMER1 TO TIMER3 Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 RCON IPEN SBOREN — RI TO PD POR BOR 284 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 TMR1L Timer1 Register, Low Byte 286 TMR1H Timer1 Register, High Byte 286 T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 286 TMR2 Timer2 Register 286 T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 286 PR2 Timer2 Period Register 286 TMR3L Timer3 Register, Low Byte 287 TMR3H Timer3 Register, High Byte 287 T3CON RD16 — T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 287 CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, Low Byte 287 CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1, High Byte 287 CCP1CON P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 287 ECCP1AS ECCPASE ECCPAS2 ECCPAS1 ECCPAS0 PSSAC1 PSSAC0 PSSBD1 PSSBD0 287 PWM1CON PRSEN PDC6 PDC5 PDC4 PDC3 PDC2 PDC1 PDC0 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during ECCP operation.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 139 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP) MODULE 15.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module Overview The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is a serial interface, useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers, display drivers, A/D converters, etc. The MSSP module can operate in one of two modes: • Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) • Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C™) - Full Master mode - Slave mode (with general address call) The I2C interface supports the following modes in hardware: • Master mode • Multi-Master mode • Slave mode 15.2 SPI Mode The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously transmitted and received simultaneously. All four modes of SPI are supported. To accomplish communication, typically three pins are used: • Serial Data Out – SDO • Serial Data In – SDI • Serial Clock – SCK Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave mode of operation: • Slave Select – SS Figure 15-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP module when operating in SPI mode. FIGURE 15-1: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (SPI MODE) ( ) Read Write Internal Data Bus SSPSR Reg SSPM<3:0> bit 0 Shift Clock SS Control Enable Edge Select Clock Select TMR2 Output Prescaler TOSC 4, 16, 64 2 Edge Select 2 4 TRIS bit SDO SSPBUF Reg SDI/SDA SS SCK/SCL PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 140 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.2.1 REGISTERS The MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode operation. These are: • SSPCON1 – Control Register • SSPSTAT – STATUS register • SSPBUF – Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer • SSPSR – Shift Register (Not directly accessible) SSPCON1 and SSPSTAT are the control and STATUS registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPCON1 register is readable and writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPSTAT are read/write. SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in and out. SSPBUF provides indirect access to the SSPSR register. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes are written, and from which data bytes are read. In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF and the SSPIF interrupt is set. During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF and SSPSR. REGISTER 15-1: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS REGISTER (SPI MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 SMP: Sample bit SPI Master mode: 1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time 0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time SPI Slave mode: SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode. bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Select bit(1) 1 = Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state 0 = Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit Used in I2C mode only. bit 4 P: Stop bit Used in I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared. bit 3 S: Start bit Used in I2C mode only. bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit Used in I2C mode only. bit 1 UA: Update Address bit Used in I2C mode only. bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only) 1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full 0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty Note 1: Polarity of clock state is set by the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 141 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 15-2: SSPCON1: MSSP CONTROL 1 REGISTER (SPI MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit (Transmit mode only) 1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared by software) 0 = No collision bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit(1) SPI Slave mode: 1 = A new byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of overflow, the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user must read the SSPBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow (must be cleared by software). 0 = No overflow bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit(2) 1 = Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, SDI and SS as serial port pins 0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins bit 4 CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit 1 = Idle state for clock is a high level 0 = Idle state for clock is a low level bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits(3) 0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin, SS pin control disabled, SS can be used as I/O pin 0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin, SS pin control enabled 0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2 0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64 0001 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16 0000 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4 Note 1: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPBUF register. 2: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output. 3: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in I2C mode only. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 142 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.2.2 OPERATION When initializing the SPI, several options need to be specified. This is done by programming the appropriate control bits (SSPCON1<5:0> and SSPSTAT<7:6>). These control bits allow the following to be specified: • Master mode (SCK is the clock output) • Slave mode (SCK is the clock input) • Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCK) • Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data output time) • Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of SCK) • Clock Rate (Master mode only) • Slave Select mode (Slave mode only) The MSSP consists of a transmit/receive shift register (SSPSR) and a buffer register (SSPBUF). The SSPSR shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb first. The SSPBUF holds the data that was written to the SSPSR until the received data is ready. Once the 8 bits of data have been received, that byte is moved to the SSPBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full detect bit, BF of the SSPSTAT register, and the interrupt flag bit, SSPIF, are set. This double-buffering of the received data (SSPBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before reading the data that was just received. Any write to the SSPBUF register during transmission/reception of data will be ignored and the write collision detect bit WCOL of the SSPCON1 register, will be set. User software must clear the WCOL bit to allow the following write(s) to the SSPBUF register to complete successfully. When the application software is expecting to receive valid data, the SSPBUF should be read before the next byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPBUF. The Buffer Full bit, BF of the SSPSTAT register, indicates when SSPBUF has been loaded with the received data (transmission is complete). When the SSPBUF is read, the BF bit is cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the SPI is only a transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt is used to determine when the transmission/reception has completed. If the interrupt method is not going to be used, then software polling can be done to ensure that a write collision does not occur. Example 15-1 shows the loading of the SSPBUF (SSPSR) for data transmission. The SSPSR is not directly readable or writable and can only be accessed by addressing the SSPBUF register. Additionally, the MSSP STATUS register (SSPSTAT) indicates the various status conditions. EXAMPLE 15-1: LOADING THE SSPBUF (SSPSR) REGISTER LOOP BTFSS SSPSTAT, BF ;Has data been received (transmit complete)? BRA LOOP ;No MOVF SSPBUF, W ;WREG reg = contents of SSPBUF MOVWF RXDATA ;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful MOVF TXDATA, W ;W reg = contents of TXDATA MOVWF SSPBUF ;New data to xmit  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 143 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.2.3 ENABLING SPI I/O To enable the serial port, SSP Enable bit, SSPEN of the SSPCON1 register, must be set. To reset or reconfigure SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, reinitialize the SSPCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This configures the SDI, SDO, SCK and SS pins as serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port function, some must have their data direction bits (in the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as follows: • SDI is automatically controlled by the SPI module • SDO must have corresponding TRIS bit cleared • SCK (Master mode) must have corresponding TRIS bit cleared • SCK (Slave mode) must have corresponding TRIS bit set • SS must have corresponding TRIS bit set Any serial port function that is not desired may be overridden by programming the corresponding data direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value. 15.2.4 TYPICAL CONNECTION Figure 15-2 shows a typical connection between two microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1) initiates the data transfer by sending the SCK signal. Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their programmed clock edge and latched on the opposite edge of the clock. Both processors should be programmed to the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then both controllers would send and receive data at the same time. Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy data) depends on the application software. This leads to three scenarios for data transmission: • Master sends data–Slave sends dummy data • Master sends data–Slave sends data • Master sends dummy data–Slave sends data FIGURE 15-2: TYPICAL SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION Serial Input Buffer (SSPBUF) Shift Register (SSPSR) MSb LSb SDO SDI Processor 1 SCK SPI Master SSPM<3:0> = 00xx Serial Input Buffer (SSPBUF) Shift Register (SSPSR) MSb LSb SDI SDO Processor 2 SCK SPI Slave SSPM<3:0> = 010x Serial Clock SS Slave Select General I/O (optional) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 144 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.2.5 MASTER MODE The master can initiate the data transfer at any time because it controls the SCK. The master determines when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 15-2) is to broadcast data by the software protocol. In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as soon as the SSPBUF register is written to. If the SPI is only going to receive, the SDO output could be disabled (programmed as an input). The SSPSR register will continue to shift in the signal present on the SDI pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is received, it will be loaded into the SSPBUF register as if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits appropriately set). The clock polarity is selected by appropriately programming the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register. This then, would give waveforms for SPI communication as shown in Figure 15-3, Figure 15-5 and Figure 15-6, where the MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user programmable to be one of the following: • FOSC/4 (or TCY) • FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY) • FOSC/64 (or 16 • TCY) • Timer2 output/2 This allows a maximum data rate (at 64 MHz) of 16.00 Mbps. Figure 15-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode. When the CKE bit is set, the SDO data is valid before there is a clock edge on SCK. The change of the input sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The time when the SSPBUF is loaded with the received data is shown. FIGURE 15-3: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE) SCK (CKP = 0 SCK (CKP = 1 SCK (CKP = 0 SCK (CKP = 1 4 Clock Modes Input Sample Input Sample SDI bit 7 bit 0 SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 bit 7 SDI SSPIF (SMP = 1) (SMP = 0) (SMP = 1) CKE = 1) CKE = 0) CKE = 1) CKE = 0) (SMP = 0) Write to SSPBUF SSPSR to SSPBUF SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 (CKE = 0) (CKE = 1) bit 0  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 145 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.2.6 SLAVE MODE In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as external clock pulses appear on SCK. When the last bit is latched, the SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set. Before enabling the module in SPI Slave mode, the clock line must match the proper Idle state. The clock line can be observed by reading the SCK pin. The Idle state is determined by the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register. While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by the external clock source on the SCK pin. This external clock must meet the minimum high and low times as specified in the electrical specifications. While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive data. When a byte is received, the device will wake-up from Sleep. 15.2.7 SLAVE SELECT SYNCHRONIZATION The SS pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The SPI must be in Slave mode with SS pin control enabled (SSPCON1<3:0> = 0100). When the SS pin is low, transmission and reception are enabled and the SDO pin is driven. When the SS pin goes high, the SDO pin is no longer driven, even if in the middle of a transmitted byte and becomes a floating output. External pull-up/pull-down resistors may be desirable depending on the application. When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SS pin to a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit. FIGURE 15-4: SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS pin control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100), the SPI module will reset if the SS pin is set to VDD. 2: When the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE set the SS pin control must also be enabled. SCK (CKP = 1 SCK (CKP = 0 Input Sample SDI bit 7 SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 7 SSPIF Interrupt (SMP = 0) CKE = 0) CKE = 0) (SMP = 0) Write to SSPBUF SSPSR to SSPBUF SS Flag bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 146 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-5: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0) FIGURE 15-6: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1) SCK (CKP = 1 SCK (CKP = 0 Input Sample SDI bit 7 SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 SSPIF Interrupt (SMP = 0) CKE = 0) CKE = 0) (SMP = 0) Write to SSPBUF SSPSR to SSPBUF SS Flag Optional bit 0 SCK (CKP = 1 SCK (CKP = 0 Input Sample SDI bit 7 bit 0 SDO bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 SSPIF Interrupt (SMP = 0) CKE = 1) CKE = 1) (SMP = 0) Write to SSPBUF SSPSR to SSPBUF SS Flag Not Optional  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 147 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.2.8 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED MODES In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating at a different speed than when in full power mode; in the case of the Sleep mode, all clocks are halted. In all Idle modes, a clock is provided to the peripherals. That clock could be from the primary clock source, the secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator at 32.768 kHz) or the INTOSC source. See Section 19.0 “Power-Managed Modes” for additional information. In most cases, the speed that the master clocks SPI data is not important; however, this should be evaluated for each system. When MSSP interrupts are enabled, after the master completes sending data, an MSSP interrupt will wake the controller: • from Sleep, in slave mode • from Idle, in slave or master mode If an exit from Sleep or Idle mode is not desired, MSSP interrupts should be disabled. In SPI master mode, when the Sleep mode is selected, all module clocks are halted and the transmission/ reception will remain in that state until the devices wakes. After the device returns to RUN mode, the module will resume transmitting and receiving data. In SPI Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register operates asynchronously to the device. This allows the device to be placed in any power-managed mode and data to be shifted into the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have been received, the MSSP interrupt flag bit will be set and if enabled, will wake the device. 15.2.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the current transfer. 15.2.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY Table 15-1 shows the compatibility between the standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and CKE control bits. TABLE 15-1: SPI BUS MODES There is also an SMP bit which controls when the data is sampled. TABLE 15-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION Standard SPI Mode Terminology Control Bits State CKP CKE 0, 0 0 1 0, 1 0 0 1, 0 1 1 1, 1 1 0 Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 — — — — 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 SSPBUF SSP Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 286 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 286 SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 286 Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP in SPI mode. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 148 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3 I2C Mode The MSSP module in I2C mode fully implements all master and slave functions (including general call support) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits in hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master function). The MSSP module implements the standard mode specifications as well as 7-bit and 10-bit addressing. Two pins are used for data transfer: • Serial clock – SCL • Serial data – SDA FIGURE 15-7: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C™ MODE) 15.3.1 REGISTERS The MSSP module has seven registers for I2C operation. These are: • MSSP Control Register 1 (SSPCON1) • MSSP Control Register 2 (SSPCON2) • MSSP Status register (SSPSTAT) • Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register (SSPBUF) • MSSP Shift Register (SSPSR) – Not directly accessible • MSSP Address Register (SSPADD) • MSSP Address Mask (SSPMSK) SSPCON1, SSPCON2 and SSPSTAT are the control and STATUS registers in I2C mode operation. The SSPCON1 and SSPCON2 registers are readable and writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPSTAT are read/write. SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or out. SSPBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes are written to or read from. When the MSSP is configured in Master mode, the SSPADD register acts as the Baud Rate Generator reload value. When the MSSP is configured for I2C slave mode the SSPADD register holds the slave device address. The MSSP can be configured to respond to a range of addresses by qualifying selected bits of the address register with the SSPMSK register. In receive operations, SSPSR and SSPBUF together create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPBUF and the SSPIF interrupt is set. During transmission, the SSPBUF is not double-buffered. A write to SSPBUF will write to both SSPBUF and SSPSR. Note: The user must configure these pins as inputs with the corresponding TRIS bits. Read Write SSPSR Reg Match Detect SSPADD Reg Start and Stop bit Detect SSPBUF Reg Internal Data Bus Addr Match Set, Reset S, P bits (SSPSTAT Reg) SCK/SCL SDI/SDA Shift Clock MSb LSb SSPMSK Reg  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 149 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 15-3: SSPSTAT: MSSP STATUS REGISTER (I2C MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 SMP CKE D/A P(1) S(1) R/W(2, 3) UA BF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 SMP: Slew Rate Control bit In Master or Slave mode: 1 = Slew rate control disabled for standard speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz) 0 = Slew rate control enabled for high-speed mode (400 kHz) bit 6 CKE: SMBus Select bit In Master or Slave mode: 1 = Enable SMBus specific inputs 0 = Disable SMBus specific inputs bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit In Master mode: Reserved. In Slave mode: 1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data 0 = Indicates that the last byte received was an address bit 4 P: Stop bit(1) 1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last 0 = Stop bit was not detected last bit 3 S: Start bit(1) 1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last 0 = Start bit was not detected last bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit (I2C mode only)(2, 3) In Slave mode: 1 = Read 0 = Write In Master mode: 1 = Transmit is in progress 0 = Transmit is not in progress bit 1 UA: Update Address bit (10-bit Slave mode only) 1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register 0 = Address does not need to be updated bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit In Transmit mode: 1 = SSPBUF is full 0 = SSPBUF is empty In Receive mode: 1 = SSPBUF is full (does not include the ACK and Stop bits) 0 = SSPBUF is empty (does not include the ACK and Stop bits) Note 1: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared. 2: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit. 3: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the Master mode is active. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 150 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 15-4: SSPCON1: MSSP CONTROL 1 REGISTER (I2C MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit In Master Transmit mode: 1 = A write to the SSPBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for a transmission to be started (must be cleared by software) 0 = No collision In Slave Transmit mode: 1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared by software) 0 = No collision In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes): This is a “don’t care” bit. bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit In Receive mode: 1 = A byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous byte (must be cleared by software) 0 = No overflow In Transmit mode: This is a “don’t care” bit in Transmit mode. bit 5 SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit 1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as the serial port pins 0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins When enabled, the SDA and SCL pins must be properly configured as inputs. bit 4 CKP: SCK Release Control bit In Slave mode: 1 = Release clock 0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch), used to ensure data setup time In Master mode: Unused in this mode. bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits 1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled 1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled 1011 = I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (Slave Idle) 1000 = I2C Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1)) 0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address 0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in SPI mode only.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 151 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 15-5: SSPCON2: MSSP CONTROL REGISTER (I2C MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT(2) ACKEN(1) RCEN(1) PEN(1) RSEN(1) SEN(1) bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only) 1 = Generate interrupt when a general call address 0x00 or 00h is received in the SSPSR 0 = General call address disabled bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only) 1 = Acknowledge was not received from slave 0 = Acknowledge was received from slave bit 5 ACKDT: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)(2) 1 = Not Acknowledge 0 = Acknowledge bit 4 ACKEN: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)(1) 1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDA and SCL pins and transmit ACKDT data bit. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Acknowledge sequence Idle bit 3 RCEN: Receive Enable bit (Master mode only)(1) 1 = Enables Receive mode for I2C 0 = Receive Idle bit 2 PEN: Stop Condition Enable bit (Master mode only)(1) 1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Stop condition Idle bit 1 RSEN: Repeated Start Condition Enable bit (Master mode only)(1) 1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Repeated Start condition Idle bit 0 SEN: Start Condition Enable/Stretch Enable bit(1) In Master mode: 1 = Initiate Start condition on SDA and SCL pins. Automatically cleared by hardware. 0 = Start condition Idle In Slave mode: 1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled) 0 = Clock stretching is disabled Note 1: For bits ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is not in the Idle mode, these bits may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPBUF are disabled). 2: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 152 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.2 OPERATION The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting SSPEN bit of the SSPCON1 register. The SSPCON1 register allows control of the I2C operation. Four mode selection bits of the SSPCON1 register allow one of the following I2C modes to be selected: • I2C Master mode, clock = (FOSC/(4*(SSPADD + 1)) • I2C Slave mode (7-bit address) • I2C Slave mode (10-bit address) • I2C Slave mode (7-bit address) with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled • I2C Slave mode (10-bit address) with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled • I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode, slave is Idle Selection of any I2C mode with the SSPEN bit set, forces the SCL and SDA pins to be open-drain, provided these pins are programmed to inputs by setting the appropriate TRIS bits 15.3.3 SLAVE MODE In Slave mode, the SCL and SDA pins must be configured as inputs. The MSSP module will override the input state with the output data when required (slave-transmitter). The I2C Slave mode hardware will always generate an interrupt on an address match. Through the mode select bits, the user can also choose to interrupt on Start and Stop bits When an address is matched, or the data transfer after an address match is received, the hardware automatically will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse and load the SSPBUF register with the received value currently in the SSPSR register. Any combination of the following conditions will cause the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse: • The Buffer Full bit, BF bit of the SSPSTAT register, is set before the transfer is received. • The overflow bit, SSPOV bit of the SSPCON1 register, is set before the transfer is received. In this case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF of the PIR1 register is set. The BF bit is cleared by reading the SSPBUF register, while bit SSPOV is cleared through software. The SCL clock input must have a minimum high and low for proper operation. The high and low times of the I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the MSSP module, are shown in Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. 15.3.3.1 Addressing Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition, the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the clock (SCL) line. The value of register SSPSR<7:1> is compared to the value of the SSPADD register. The address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth clock (SCL) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur: 1. The SSPSR register value is loaded into the SSPBUF register. 2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set. 3. An ACK pulse is generated. 4. MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPIF of the PIR1 register, is set (interrupt is generated, if enabled) on the falling edge of the ninth SCL pulse. In 10-bit Address mode, two address bytes need to be received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits (MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit address. Bit R/W of the SSPSTAT register must specify a write so the slave device will receive the second address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would equal ‘11110 A9 A8 0’, where ‘A9’ and ‘A8’ are the two MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for 10-bit address is as follows, with steps 7 through 9 for the slave-transmitter: 1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF, BF and UA of the SSPSTAT register are set). 2. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and clear flag bit, SSPIF. 3. Update the SSPADD register with second (low) byte of address (clears bit UA and releases the SCL line). 4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits SSPIF, BF and UA are set). If the address matches then the SCL is held until the next step. Otherwise the SCL line is not held. 5. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and clear flag bit, SSPIF. 6. Update the SSPADD register with the first (high) byte of address. (This will clear bit UA and release a held SCL line.) 7. Receive Repeated Start condition. 8. Receive first (high) byte of address with R/W bit set (bits SSPIF, BF, R/W are set). 9. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and clear flag bit, SSPIF. 10. Load SSPBUF with byte the slave is to transmit, sets the BF bit. 11. Set the CKP bit to release SCL. Note: To ensure proper operation of the module, pull-up resistors must be provided externally to the SCL and SDA pins.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 153 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.3.2 Reception When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT register is cleared. The received address is loaded into the SSPBUF register and the SDA line is held low (ACK). When the address byte overflow condition exists, then the no Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow condition is defined as either bit BF bit of the SSPSTAT register is set, or bit SSPOV bit of the SSPCON1 register is set. An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer byte. Flag bit, SSPIF of the PIR1 register, must be cleared by software. When the SEN bit of the SSPCON2 register is set, SCL will be held low (clock stretch) following each data transfer. The clock must be released by setting the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register. See Section 15.3.4 “Clock Stretching” for more detail. 15.3.3.3 Transmission When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT register is set. The received address is loaded into the SSPBUF register. The ACK pulse will be sent on the ninth bit and pin SCK/SCL is held low regardless of SEN (see Section 15.3.4 “Clock Stretching” for more detail). By stretching the clock, the master will be unable to assert another clock pulse until the slave is done preparing the transmit data. The transmit data must be loaded into the SSPBUF register which also loads the SSPSR register. Then pin SCK/SCL should be released by setting the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register. The eight data bits are shifted out on the falling edge of the SCL input. This ensures that the SDA signal is valid during the SCL high time (Figure 15-9). The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on the rising edge of the ninth SCL input pulse. If the SDA line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is complete. In this case, when the ACK is latched by the slave, the slave logic is reset (resets SSPSTAT register) and the slave monitors for another occurrence of the Start bit. If the SDA line was low (ACK), the next transmit data must be loaded into the SSPBUF register. Again, pin SCK/SCL must be released by setting bit CKP. An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer byte. The SSPIF bit must be cleared by software and the SSPSTAT register is used to determine the status of the byte. The SSPIF bit is set on the falling edge of the ninth clock pulse. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 154 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-8: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 P A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 R/W = 0 Receiving Data ACK Receiving Data ACK ACK Receiving Address Cleared by software SSPBUF is read Bus master terminates transfer SSPOV is set because SSPBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. D2 6 (PIR1<3>) CKP (CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 155 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 15-9: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF (PIR1<3>) BF (SSPSTAT<0>) A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SSPBUF is written by software Cleared by software From SSPIF ISR Data in sampled S ACK R/W = 0 Transmitting Data ACK Receiving Address A7 D7 9 1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SSPBUF is written by software Cleared by software From SSPIF ISR Transmitting Data D7 1 CKP P ACK CKP is set by software CKP is set by software SCL held low while CPU responds to SSPIF SSPBUF is read by software Bus master terminates software PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 156 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-10: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 P 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 Receive Data Byte ACK R/W = 0 ACK Receive First Byte of Address Cleared by software D2 6 (PIR1<3>) Cleared by software Receive Second Byte of Address Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with low byte of address UA (SSPSTAT<1>) Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place UA is set indicating that the SSPADD needs to be updated UA is set indicating that SSPADD needs to be updated Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with high byte of address SSPBUF is written with contents of SSPSR Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag ACK CKP 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 Receive Data Byte Bus master terminates transfer D2 6 ACK Cleared by software Cleared by software SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) SSPOV is set because SSPBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. (CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0) Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 157 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 15-11: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 P 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 1 1 1 0 A8 R/W=1 ACK ACK R/W = 0 ACK Receive First Byte of Address Cleared in software Bus Master sends Stop condition A9 6 Receive Second Byte of Address Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with low byte of address. UA Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place UA is set indicating that the SSPADD needs to be updated UA is set indicating that SSPADD needs to be updated Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with high byte of address. SSPBUF is written with contents of SSPSR Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag Receive First Byte of Address 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 ACK D2 6 Transmitting Data Byte D0 Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag Sr Cleared in software Write of SSPBUF Cleared in software Completion of clears BF flag CKP CKP is set in software, initiates transmission CKP is automatically cleared in hardware holding SCL low Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place data transmission Clock is held low until CKP is set to ‘1’ Bus Master sends Restarts condition Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 158 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.3.4 SSP Mask Register An SSP Mask (SSPMSK) register is available in I2C Slave mode as a mask for the value held in the SSPSR register during an address comparison operation. A zero (‘0’) bit in the SSPMSK register has the effect of making the corresponding bit in the SSPSR register a “don’t care”. This register is reset to all ‘1’s upon any Reset condition and, therefore, has no effect on standard SSP operation until written with a mask value. This register must be initiated prior to setting SSPM<3:0> bits to select the I2C Slave mode (7-bit or 10-bit address). The SSP Mask register is active during: • 7-bit Address mode: address compare of A<7:1>. • 10-bit Address mode: address compare of A<7:0> only. The SSP mask has no effect during the reception of the first (high) byte of the address. REGISTER 15-6: SSPMSK: SSP MASK REGISTER R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 MSK7 MSK6 MSK5 MSK4 MSK3 MSK2 MSK1 MSK0(1) bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-1 MSK<7:1>: Mask bits 1 = The received address bit n is compared to SSPADD to detect I2C address match 0 = The received address bit n is not used to detect I2C address match bit 0 MSK<0>: Mask bit for I2C Slave mode, 10-bit Address(1) I2C Slave mode, 10-bit Address (SSPM<3:0> = 0111): 1 = The received address bit 0 is compared to SSPADD<0> to detect I2C address match 0 = The received address bit 0 is not used to detect I2C address match Note 1: The MSK0 bit is used only in 10-bit slave mode. In all other modes, this bit has no effect.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 159 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 15-7: SSPADD: MSSP ADDRESS AND BAUD RATE REGISTER (I2C MODE) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 ADD7 ADD6 ADD5 ADD4 ADD3 ADD2 ADD1 ADD0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown Master mode: bit 7-0 ADD<7:0>: Baud Rate Clock Divider bits SCL pin clock period = ((ADD<7:0> + 1) *4)/FOSC 10-Bit Slave mode — Most significant address byte: bit 7-3 Not used: Unused for Most Significant Address Byte. Bit state of this register is a “don’t care.” Bit pattern sent by master is fixed by I2C specification and must be equal to ‘11110’. However, those bits are compared by hardware and are not affected by the value in this register. bit 2-1 ADD<9:8>: Two Most Significant bits of 10-bit address bit 0 Not used: Unused in this mode. Bit state is a “don’t care.” 10-Bit Slave mode — Least significant address byte: bit 7-0 ADD<7:0>: Eight Least Significant bits of 10-bit address 7-Bit Slave mode: bit 7-1 ADD<6:0>: 7-bit address bit 0 Not used: Unused in this mode. Bit state is a “don’t care.” PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 160 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.4 CLOCK STRETCHING Both 7-bit and 10-bit Slave modes implement automatic clock stretching during a transmit sequence. The SEN bit of the SSPCON2 register allows clock stretching to be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause the SCL pin to be held low at the end of each data receive sequence. 15.3.4.1 Clock Stretching for 7-bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) In 7-bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the ninth clock at the end of the ACK sequence if the BF bit is set, the CKP bit of the SSPCON1 register is automatically cleared, forcing the SCL output to be held low. The CKP being cleared to ‘0’ will assert the SCL line low. The CKP bit must be set in the user’s ISR before reception is allowed to continue. By holding the SCL line low, the user has time to service the ISR and read the contents of the SSPBUF before the master device can initiate another data transfer sequence. This will prevent buffer overruns from occurring (see Figure 15-13). 15.3.4.2 Clock Stretching for 10-bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) In 10-bit Slave Receive mode during the address sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated. The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the 10-bit address and following the receive of the second byte of the 10-bit address with the R/W bit cleared to ‘0’. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating SSPADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode. 15.3.4.3 Clock Stretching for 7-bit Slave Transmit Mode 7-bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock stretching by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge of the ninth clock. This occurs regardless of the state of the SEN bit. The user’s ISR must set the CKP bit before transmission is allowed to continue. By holding the SCL line low, the user has time to service the ISR and load the contents of the SSPBUF before the master device can initiate another data transfer sequence (see Figure 15-9). 15.3.4.4 Clock Stretching for 10-bit Slave Transmit Mode In 10-bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is controlled during the first two address sequences by the state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-bit Slave Receive mode. The first two addresses are followed by a third address sequence which contains the high-order bits of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit set to ‘1’. After the third address sequence is performed, the UA bit is not set, the module is now configured in Transmit mode and clock stretching is automatic with the hardware clearing CKP, as in 7-bit Slave Transmit mode (see Figure 15-11). Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the SSPBUF before the falling edge of the ninth clock, thus clearing the BF bit, the CKP bit will not be cleared and clock stretching will not occur. 2: The CKP bit can be set by software regardless of the state of the BF bit. The user should be careful to clear the BF bit in the ISR before the next receive sequence in order to prevent an overflow condition. Note 1: If the user loads the contents of SSPBUF, setting the BF bit before the falling edge of the ninth clock, the CKP bit will not be cleared and clock stretching will not occur. 2: The CKP bit can be set by software regardless of the state of the BF bit.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 161 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.4.5 Clock Synchronization and the CKP bit When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCL output is forced to ‘0’. However, clearing the CKP bit will not assert the SCL output low until the SCL output is already sampled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the SCL line until an external I2C master device has already asserted the SCL line. The SCL output will remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other devices on the I2C bus have deasserted SCL. This ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the minimum high time requirement for SCL (see Figure 15-12). FIGURE 15-12: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING SDA SCL DX DX – 1 WR Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 SSPCON1 CKP Master device deasserts clock Master device asserts clock PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 162 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-13: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 P A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 R/W = 0 Receiving Data ACK Receiving Data ACK ACK Receiving Address Cleared by software SSPBUF is read Bus master terminates transfer SSPOV is set because SSPBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. D2 6 (PIR1<3>) CKP CKP written to ‘1’ in If BF is cleared prior to the falling edge of the 9th clock, CKP will not be reset to ‘0’ and no clock stretching will occur software Clock is held low until CKP is set to ‘1’ Clock is not held low because buffer full bit is clear prior to falling edge of 9th clock Clock is not held low because ACK = 1 BF is set after falling edge of the 9th clock, CKP is reset to ‘0’ and clock stretching occurs  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 163 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 15-14: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 P 1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 Receive Data Byte ACK R/W = 0 ACK Receive First Byte of Address Cleared by software D2 6 (PIR1<3>) Cleared by software Receive Second Byte of Address Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with low byte of address after falling edge UA (SSPSTAT<1>) Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place UA is set indicating that the SSPADD needs to be updated UA is set indicating that SSPADD needs to be updated Cleared by hardware when SSPADD is updated with high byte of address after falling edge SSPBUF is written with contents of SSPSR Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag ACK CKP 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0 Receive Data Byte Bus master terminates transfer D2 6 ACK Cleared by software Cleared by software SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) CKP written to ‘1’ Note: An update of the SSPADD register before the falling edge of the ninth clock will have no effect on UA and UA will remain set. Note: An update of the SSPADD register before the falling edge of the ninth clock will have no effect on UA and UA will remain set. by software Clock is held low until update of SSPADD has taken place of ninth clock of ninth clock SSPOV is set because SSPBUF is still full. ACK is not sent. Dummy read of SSPBUF to clear BF flag Clock is held low until CKP is set to ‘1’ Clock is not held low because ACK = 1 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 164 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.5 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SUPPORT The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that the first byte after the Start condition usually determines which device will be the slave addressed by the master. The exception is the general call address which can address all devices. When this address is used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an Acknowledge. The general call address is one of eight addresses reserved for specific purposes by the I2C protocol. It consists of all ‘0’s with R/W = 0. The general call address is recognized when the GCEN bit of the SSPCON2 is set. Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR and the address is compared against the SSPADD. It is also compared to the general call address and fixed in hardware. If the general call address matches, the SSPSR is transferred to the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is set (eighth bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK bit), the SSPIF interrupt flag bit is set. When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the interrupt can be checked by reading the contents of the SSPBUF. The value can be used to determine if the address was device specific or a general call address. In 10-bit mode, the SSPADD is required to be updated for the second half of the address to match and the UA bit of the SSPSTAT register is set. If the general call address is sampled when the GCEN bit is set, while the slave is configured in 10-bit Address mode, then the second half of the address is not necessary, the UA bit will not be set and the slave will begin receiving data after the Acknowledge (Figure 15-15). FIGURE 15-15: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE (7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS MODE) SDA SCL S SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) Cleared by software SSPBUF is read R/W = 0 General Call Address ACK Address is compared to General Call Address GCEN (SSPCON2<7>) Receiving Data ACK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 after ACK, set interrupt ‘0’ ‘1’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 165 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.6 MASTER MODE Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the appropriate SSPM bits in SSPCON1 and by setting the SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCL and SDA lines are manipulated by the MSSP hardware. Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt generation on the detection of the Start and Stop conditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code conducts all I2C bus operations based on Start and Stop bit conditions. Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six options. 1. Assert a Start condition on SDA and SCL. 2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDA and SCL. 3. Write to the SSPBUF register initiating transmission of data/address. 4. Configure the I2C port to receive data. 5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end of a received byte of data. 6. Generate a Stop condition on SDA and SCL. The following events will cause the SSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPIF, to be set (SSP interrupt, if enabled): • Start condition • Stop condition • Data transfer byte transmitted/received • Acknowledge transmit • Repeated Start FIGURE 15-16: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C™ MASTER MODE) Note: The MSSP module, when configured in I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing of events. For instance, the user is not allowed to initiate a Start condition and immediately write the SSPBUF register to initiate transmission before the Start condition is complete. In this case, the SSPBUF will not be written to and the WCOL bit will be set, indicating that a write to the SSPBUF did not occur. Read Write SSPSR Start bit, Stop bit, SSPBUF Internal Data Bus Set/Reset, S, P, WCOL Shift Clock MSb LSb SDA Acknowledge Generate Stop bit Detect Write Collision Detect Clock Arbitration State Counter for end of XMIT/RCV SCL SCL In Bus Collision SDA In Receive Enable Clock Cntl Clock Arbitrate/WCOL Detect (hold off clock source) SSPADD<6:0> Baud Set SSPIF, BCLIF Reset ACKSTAT, PEN Rate Generator SSPM<3:0> Start bit Detect PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 166 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.6.1 I2C Master Mode Operation The master device generates all of the serial clock pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will not be released. In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output through SDA, while SCL outputs the serial clock. The first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘0’. Serial data is transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmitted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the end of a serial transfer. In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the transmitting device (7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘1’. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave address followed by a ‘1’ to indicate the receive bit. Serial data is received via SDA, while SCL outputs the serial clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time. After each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is transmitted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the beginning and end of transmission. A Baud Rate Generator is used to set the clock frequency output on SCL. See Section 15.3.7 “Baud Rate” for more detail. A typical transmit sequence would go as follows: 1. The user generates a Start condition by setting the SEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. 2. SSPIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the required start time before any other operation takes place. 3. The user loads the SSPBUF with the slave address to transmit. 4. Address is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits are transmitted. 5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the slave device and writes its value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPCON2 register. 6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF bit. 7. The user loads the SSPBUF with eight bits of data. 8. Data is shifted out the SDA pin until all 8 bits are transmitted. 9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the slave device and writes its value into the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPCON2 register. 10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the SSPIF bit. 11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting the PEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. 12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is complete.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 167 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.7 BAUD RATE In I2C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) reload value is placed in the SSPADD register (Figure 15-17). When a write occurs to SSPBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will automatically begin counting. Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmission of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal clock will automatically stop counting and the SCL pin will remain in its last state. Table 15-3 demonstrates clock rates based on instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into SSPADD. EQUATION 15-1: FIGURE 15-17: BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM TABLE 15-3: I2C™ CLOCK RATE W/BRG FSCL FOSC SSPADD + 14 = ---------------------------------------------- SSPM<3:0> CLKOUT BRG Down Counter FOSC/2 SSPADD<7:0> SSPM<3:0> SCL Reload Control Reload FOSC FCY BRG Value FSCL (2 Rollovers of BRG) 48 MHz 12 MHz 0Bh 1 MHz(1) 48 MHz 12 MHz 1Dh 400 kHz 48 MHz 12 MHz 77h 100 kHz 40 MHz 10 MHz 18h 400 kHz(1) 40 MHz 10 MHz 1Fh 312.5 kHz 40 MHz 10 MHz 63h 100 kHz 16 MHz 4 MHz 09h 400 kHz(1) 16 MHz 4 MHz 0Ch 308 kHz 16 MHz 4 MHz 27h 100 kHz 4 MHz 1 MHz 02h 333 kHz(1) 4 MHz 1 MHz 09h 100 kHz 4 MHz 1 MHz 00h 1 MHz(1) Note 1: The I2C interface does not conform to the 400 kHz I2C specification (which applies to rates greater than 100 kHz) in all details, but may be used with care where higher rates are required by the application. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 168 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.7.1 Clock Arbitration Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition, deasserts the SCL pin (SCL allowed to float high). When the SCL pin is allowed to float high, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting until the SCL pin is actually sampled high. When the SCL pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and begins counting. This ensures that the SCL high time will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the event that the clock is held low by an external device (Figure 15-18). FIGURE 15-18: BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION SDA SCL SCL deasserted but slave holds DX DX – 1 BRG SCL is sampled high, reload takes place and BRG starts its count 03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h Reload BRG Value SCL low (clock arbitration) SCL allowed to transition high BRG decrements on Q2 and Q4 cycles  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 169 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.8 I2C MASTER MODE START CONDITION TIMING To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start Enable bit, SEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. If the SDA and SCL pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<6:0> and starts its count. If SCL and SDA are both sampled high when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SDA pin is driven low. The action of the SDA being driven low while SCL is high is the Start condition and causes the S bit of the SSPSTAT1 register to be set. Following this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded with the contents of SSPADD<7:0> and resumes its count. When the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG), the SEN bit of the SSPCON2 register will be automatically cleared by hardware; the Baud Rate Generator is suspended, leaving the SDA line held low and the Start condition is complete. 15.3.8.1 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Start sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). FIGURE 15-19: FIRST START BIT TIMING Note: If at the beginning of the Start condition, the SDA and SCL pins are already sampled low, or if during the Start condition, the SCL line is sampled low before the SDA line is driven low, a bus collision occurs, the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLIF, is set, the Start condition is aborted and the I2C module is reset into its Idle state. Note: Because queueing of events is not allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of SSPCON2 is disabled until the Start condition is complete. SDA SCL S TBRG 1st bit 2nd bit TBRG SDA = 1, SCL = 1 At completion of Start bit, TBRG Write to SSPBUF occurs here hardware clears SEN bit TBRG Write to SEN bit occurs here Set S bit (SSPSTAT<3>) and sets SSPIF bit PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 170 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.9 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED START CONDITION TIMING A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit of the SSPCON2 register is programmed high and the I2C logic module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set, the SCL pin is asserted low. When the SCL pin is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded and begins counting. The SDA pin is released (brought high) for one Baud Rate Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate Generator times out, if SDA is sampled high, the SCL pin will be deasserted (brought high). When SCL is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and begins counting. SDA and SCL must be sampled high for one TBRG. This action is then followed by assertion of the SDA pin (SDA = 0) for one TBRG while SCL is high. Following this, the RSEN bit of the SSPCON2 register will be automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will not be reloaded, leaving the SDA pin held low. As soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDA and SCL pins, the S bit of the SSPSTAT register will be set. The SSPIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator has timed out. Immediately following the SSPIF bit getting set, the user may write the SSPBUF with the 7-bit address in 7-bit mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode. After the first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is received, the user may then transmit an additional eight bits of address (10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit mode). 15.3.9.1 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Repeated Start sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). FIGURE 15-20: REPEAT START CONDITION WAVEFORM Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other event is in progress, it will not take effect. 2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start condition occurs if: • SDA is sampled low when SCL goes from low-to-high. • SCL goes low before SDA is asserted low. This may indicate that another master is attempting to transmit a data ‘1’. Note: Because queueing of events is not allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of SSPCON2 is disabled until the Repeated Start condition is complete. SDA SCL Sr = Repeated Start Write to SSPCON2 on falling edge of ninth clock, Write to SSPBUF occurs here end of Xmit At completion of Start bit, hardware clears RSEN bit 1st bit S bit set by hardware TBRG TBRG SDA = 1, SDA = 1, SCL (no change). SCL = 1 occurs here. TBRG TBRG TBRG and sets SSPIF RSEN bit set by hardware  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 171 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.10 I2C MASTER MODE TRANSMISSION Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the other half of a 10-bit address is accomplished by simply writing a value to the SSPBUF register. This action will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF and allow the Baud Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted out onto the SDA pin after the falling edge of SCL is asserted (see data hold time specification parameter SP106). SCL is held low for one Baud Rate Generator rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid before SCL is released high (see data setup time specification parameter SP107). When the SCL pin is released high, it is held that way for TBRG. The data on the SDA pin must remain stable for that duration and some hold time after the next falling edge of SCL. After the eighth bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the eighth clock), the BF flag is cleared and the master releases SDA. This allows the slave device being addressed to respond with an ACK bit during the ninth bit time if an address match occurred, or if data was received properly. The status of ACK is written into the ACKDT bit on the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the master receives an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge Status bit, ACKSTAT, is cleared. If not, the bit is set. After the ninth clock, the SSPIF bit is set and the master clock (Baud Rate Generator) is suspended until the next data byte is loaded into the SSPBUF, leaving SCL low and SDA unchanged (Figure 15-21). After the write to the SSPBUF, each bit of the address will be shifted out on the falling edge of SCL until all seven address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On the falling edge of the eighth clock, the master will deassert the SDA pin, allowing the slave to respond with an Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth clock, the master will sample the SDA pin to see if the address was recognized by a slave. The status of the ACK bit is loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit of the SSPCON2 register. Following the falling edge of the ninth clock transmission of the address, the SSPIF is set, the BF flag is cleared and the Baud Rate Generator is turned off until another write to the SSPBUF takes place, holding SCL low and allowing SDA to float. 15.3.10.1 BF Status Flag In Transmit mode, the BF bit of the SSPSTAT register is set when the CPU writes to SSPBUF and is cleared when all 8 bits are shifted out. 15.3.10.2 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when a transmit is already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting out a data byte), the WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). WCOL must be cleared by software before the next transmission. 15.3.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit of the SSPCON2 register is cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge (ACK = 0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowledge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when it has recognized its address (including a general call), or when the slave has properly received its data. 15.3.11 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION Master mode reception is enabled by programming the Receive Enable bit, RCEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each rollover, the state of the SCL pin changes (high-to-low/low-to-high) and data is shifted into the SSPSR. After the falling edge of the eighth clock, the receive enable flag is automatically cleared, the contents of the SSPSR are loaded into the SSPBUF, the BF flag bit is set, the SSPIF flag bit is set and the Baud Rate Generator is suspended from counting, holding SCL low. The MSSP is now in Idle state awaiting the next command. When the buffer is read by the CPU, the BF flag bit is automatically cleared. The user can then send an Acknowledge bit at the end of reception by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable, ACKEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. 15.3.11.1 BF Status Flag In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address or data byte is loaded into SSPBUF from SSPSR. It is cleared when the SSPBUF register is read. 15.3.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits are received into the SSPSR and the BF flag bit is already set from a previous reception. 15.3.11.3 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when a receive is already in progress (i.e., SSPSR is still shifting in a data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). Note: The MSSP module must be in an Idle state before the RCEN bit is set or the RCEN bit will be disregarded. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 172 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 15-21: I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (TRANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS) SDA SCL SSPIF BF (SSPSTAT<0>) SEN A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK = 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK Transmitting Data or Second Half Transmit Address to Slave R/W = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P Cleared by software service routine SSPBUF is written by software from SSP interrupt After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware S SSPBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W start transmit SCL held low while CPU responds to SSPIF SEN = 0 of 10-bit Address Write SSPCON2<0> SEN = 1 Start condition begins From slave, clear ACKSTAT bit SSPCON2<6> ACKSTAT in SSPCON2 = 1 Cleared by software SSPBUF written PEN R/W Cleared by software  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 173 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 15-22: I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS) P 5 6 7 8 9 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 S SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 Bus master terminates transfer ACK Receiving Data from Slave Receiving Data from Slave ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Transmit Address to Slave R/W = 0 SSPIF BF ACK is not sent Write to SSPCON2<0> (SEN = 1), Write to SSPBUF occurs here, ACK from Slave Master configured as a receiver by programming SSPCON2<3> (RCEN = 1) PEN bit = 1 written here Data shifted in on falling edge of CLK Cleared by software start XMIT SEN = 0 SSPOV SDA = 0, SCL = 1 while CPU (SSPSTAT<0>) ACK Cleared by software Cleared by software Set SSPIF interrupt at end of receive Set P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) and SSPIF Cleared in software ACK from Master Set SSPIF at end Set SSPIF interrupt at end of Acknowledge sequence Set SSPIF interrupt at end of Acknowledge sequence of receive Set ACKEN, start Acknowledge sequence SSPOV is set because SSPBUF is still full SDA = ACKDT = 1 RCEN cleared automatically RCEN = 1, start next receive Write to SSPCON2<4> to start Acknowledge sequence SDA = ACKDT (SSPCON2<5>) = 0 RCEN cleared automatically responds to SSPIF ACKEN begin Start condition Cleared by software SDA = ACKDT = 0 Last bit is shifted into SSPSR and contents are unloaded into SSPBUF RCEN Master configured as a receiver by programming SSPCON2<3> (RCEN = 1) RCEN cleared automatically ACK from Master SDA = ACKDT = 0 RCEN cleared automatically PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 174 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE TIMING An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. When this bit is set, the SCL pin is pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit are presented on the SDA pin. If the user wishes to generate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should be cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit before starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud Rate Generator then counts for one rollover period (TBRG) and the SCL pin is deasserted (pulled high). When the SCL pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCL pin is then pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is automatically cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off and the MSSP module then goes into Idle mode (Figure 15-23). 15.3.12.1 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when an Acknowledge sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). 15.3.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING A Stop bit is asserted on the SDA pin at the end of a receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable bit, PEN bit of the SSPCON2 register. At the end of a receive/transmit, the SCL line is held low after the falling edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the master will assert the SDA line low. When the SDA line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded and counts down to ‘0’. When the Baud Rate Generator times out, the SCL pin will be brought high and one TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count) later, the SDA pin will be deasserted. When the SDA pin is sampled high while SCL is high, the P bit of the SSPSTAT register is set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is cleared and the SSPIF bit is set (Figure 15-24). 15.3.13.1 WCOL Status Flag If the user writes the SSPBUF when a Stop sequence is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur). FIGURE 15-23: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM FIGURE 15-24: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period. SDA SCL SSPIF set at Acknowledge sequence starts here, write to SSPCON2 ACKEN automatically cleared Cleared in TBRG TBRG the end of receive 8 ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0 D0 9 SSPIF software SSPIF set at the end of Acknowledge sequence Cleared in software ACK SCL SDA SDA asserted low before rising edge of clock Write to SSPCON2, set PEN Falling edge of SCL = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDA = 1 for TBRG 9th clock SCL brought high after TBRG Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period. TBRG TBRG after SDA sampled high. P bit (SSPSTAT<4>) is set. TBRG to setup Stop condition ACK P TBRG PEN bit (SSPCON2<2>) is cleared by hardware and the SSPIF bit is set  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 175 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.14 SLEEP OPERATION While in Sleep mode, the I2C Slave module can receive addresses or data and when an address match or complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor from Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled). 15.3.15 EFFECTS OF A RESET A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the current transfer. 15.3.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit of the SSPSTAT register is set, or the bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the bus is busy, enabling the SSP interrupt will generate the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs. In multi-master operation, the SDA line must be monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is the expected output level. This check is performed by hardware with the result placed in the BCLIF bit. The states where arbitration can be lost are: • Address Transfer • Data Transfer • A Start Condition • A Repeated Start Condition • An Acknowledge Condition 15.3.17 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION, BUS COLLISION AND BUS ARBITRATION Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitration. When the master outputs address/data bits onto the SDA pin, arbitration takes place when the master outputs a ‘1’ on SDA, by letting SDA float high and another master asserts a ‘0’. When the SCL pin floats high, data should be stable. If the expected data on SDA is a ‘1’ and the data sampled on the SDA pin = 0, then a bus collision has taken place. The master will set the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLIF and reset the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 15-25). If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is cleared, the SDA and SCL lines are deasserted and the SSPBUF can be written to. When the user services the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C bus is free, the user can resume communication by asserting a Start condition. If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the condition is aborted, the SDA and SCL lines are deasserted and the respective control bits in the SSPCON2 register are cleared. When the user services the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C bus is free, the user can resume communication by asserting a Start condition. The master will continue to monitor the SDA and SCL pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPIF bit will be set. A write to the SSPBUF will start the transmission of data at the first data bit, regardless of where the transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred. In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the determination of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus can be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPSTAT register, or the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are cleared. FIGURE 15-25: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE SDA SCL BCLIF SDA released SDA line pulled low by another source Sample SDA. While SCL is high, data doesn’t match what is driven Bus collision has occurred. Set bus collision interrupt (BCLIF) by the master. by master Data changes while SCL = 0 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 176 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start Condition During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if: a) SDA or SCL are sampled low at the beginning of the Start condition (Figure 15-26). b) SCL is sampled low before SDA is asserted low (Figure 15-27). During a Start condition, both the SDA and the SCL pins are monitored. If the SDA pin is already low, or the SCL pin is already low, then all of the following occur: • the Start condition is aborted, • the BCLIF flag is set and • the MSSP module is reset to its Idle state (Figure 15-26). The Start condition begins with the SDA and SCL pins deasserted. When the SDA pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded and counts down. If the SCL pin is sampled low while SDA is high, a bus collision occurs because it is assumed that another master is attempting to drive a data ‘1’ during the Start condition. If the SDA pin is sampled low during this count, the BRG is reset and the SDA line is asserted early (Figure 15-28). If, however, a ‘1’ is sampled on the SDA pin, the SDA pin is asserted low at the end of the BRG count. The Baud Rate Generator is then reloaded and counts down to 0; if the SCL pin is sampled as ‘0’ during this time, a bus collision does not occur. At the end of the BRG count, the SCL pin is asserted low. FIGURE 15-26: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDA ONLY) Note: The reason that bus collision is not a factor during a Start condition is that no two bus masters can assert a Start condition at the exact same time. Therefore, one master will always assert SDA before the other. This condition does not cause a bus collision because the two masters must be allowed to arbitrate the first address following the Start condition. If the address is the same, arbitration must be allowed to continue into the data portion, Repeated Start or Stop conditions. SDA SCL SEN SDA sampled low before SDA goes low before the SEN bit is set. S bit and SSPIF set because SSP module reset into Idle state. SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision. S bit and SSPIF set because Set SEN, enable Start condition if SDA = 1, SCL = 1 SDA = 0, SCL = 1. BCLIF S SSPIF SDA = 0, SCL = 1. SSPIF and BCLIF are cleared by software SSPIF and BCLIF are cleared by software Set BCLIF, Start condition. Set BCLIF.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 177 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 15-27: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCL = 0) FIGURE 15-28: BRG RESET DUE TO SDA ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION SDA SCL SEN bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF. SCL = 0 before SDA = 0, Set SEN, enable Start sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1 TBRG TBRG SDA = 0, SCL = 1 BCLIF S SSPIF Interrupt cleared by software bus collision occurs. Set BCLIF. SCL = 0 before BRG time-out, ‘0’ ‘0’ ‘0’ ‘0’ SDA SCL SEN Set S Less than TBRG TBRG SDA = 0, SCL = 1 BCLIF S SSPIF S Interrupts cleared set SSPIF by software SDA = 0, SCL = 1, SCL pulled low after BRG time-out Set SSPIF ‘0’ SDA pulled low by other master. Reset BRG and assert SDA. Set SEN, enable START sequence if SDA = 1, SCL = 1 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 178 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 15.3.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated Start Condition During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision occurs if: a) A low level is sampled on SDA when SCL goes from low level to high level. b) SCL goes low before SDA is asserted low, indicating that another master is attempting to transmit a data ‘1’. When the user deasserts SDA and the pin is allowed to float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPADD and counts down to 0. The SCL pin is then deasserted and when sampled high, the SDA pin is sampled. If SDA is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, Figure 15-29). If SDA is sampled high, the BRG is reloaded and begins counting. If SDA goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs because no two masters can assert SDA at exactly the same time. If SCL goes from high-to-low before the BRG times out and SDA has not already been asserted, a bus collision occurs. In this case, another master is attempting to transmit a data ‘1’ during the Repeated Start condition, see Figure 15-30. If, at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCL and SDA are still high, the SDA pin is driven low and the BRG is reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count, regardless of the status of the SCL pin, the SCL pin is driven low and the Repeated Start condition is complete. FIGURE 15-29: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1) FIGURE 15-30: BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2) SDA SCL RSEN BCLIF S SSPIF Sample SDA when SCL goes high. If SDA = 0, set BCLIF and release SDA and SCL. Cleared by software ‘0’ ‘0’ SDA SCL BCLIF RSEN S SSPIF Interrupt cleared by software SCL goes low before SDA, set BCLIF. Release SDA and SCL. TBRG TBRG ‘0’  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 179 PIC18F/LF1XK50 15.3.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop Condition Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if: a) After the SDA pin has been deasserted and allowed to float high, SDA is sampled low after the BRG has timed out. b) After the SCL pin is deasserted, SCL is sampled low before SDA goes high. The Stop condition begins with SDA asserted low. When SDA is sampled low, the SCL pin is allowed to float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration), the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with SSPADD and counts down to 0. After the BRG times out, SDA is sampled. If SDA is sampled low, a bus collision has occurred. This is due to another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 15-31). If the SCL pin is sampled low before SDA is allowed to float high, a bus collision occurs. This is another case of another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 15-32). FIGURE 15-31: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1) FIGURE 15-32: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2) SDA SCL BCLIF PEN P SSPIF TBRG TBRG TBRG SDA asserted low SDA sampled low after TBRG, set BCLIF ‘0’ ‘0’ SDA SCL BCLIF PEN P SSPIF TBRG TBRG TBRG Assert SDA SCL goes low before SDA goes high, set BCLIF ‘0’ ‘0’ PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 180 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 15-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C™ Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — 288 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 SSPADD SSP Address Register in I2C™ Slave Mode. SSP Baud Rate Reload Register in I2C Master Mode. 286 SSPBUF SSP Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 286 SSPCON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 286 SSPCON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 286 SSPMSK MSK7 MSK6 MSK5 MSK4 MSK3 MSK2 MSK1 MSK0 288 SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 286 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 — — — — 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by I2C™.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 181 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.0 ENHANCED UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER (EUSART) The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module is a serial I/O communications peripheral. It contains all the clock generators, shift registers and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independent of device program execution. The EUSART, also known as a Serial Communications Interface (SCI), can be configured as a full-duplex asynchronous system or half-duplex synchronous system. Full-Duplex mode is useful for communications with peripheral systems, such as CRT terminals and personal computers. Half-Duplex Synchronous mode is intended for communications with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated circuits, serial EEPROMs or other microcontrollers. These devices typically do not have internal clocks for baud rate generation and require the external clock signal provided by a master synchronous device. The EUSART module includes the following capabilities: • Full-duplex asynchronous transmit and receive • Two-character input buffer • One-character output buffer • Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length • Address detection in 9-bit mode • Input buffer overrun error detection • Received character framing error detection • Half-duplex synchronous master • Half-duplex synchronous slave • Programmable clock and data polarity The EUSART module implements the following additional features, making it ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus systems: • Automatic detection and calibration of the baud rate • Wake-up on Break reception • 13-bit Break character transmit Block diagrams of the EUSART transmitter and receiver are shown in Figure 16-1 and Figure 16-2. FIGURE 16-1: EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM TXIF TXIE Interrupt TXEN TX9D MSb LSb Data Bus TXREG Register Transmit Shift Register (TSR) (8) 0 TX9 TRMT SPEN TX/CK pin Pin Buffer and Control 8 SPBRGH SPBRG BRG16 FOSC ÷ n n + 1 Multiplier x4 x16 x64 SYNC 1 X 0 0 0 BRGH X 1 1 0 0 BRG16 X 1 0 1 0 Baud Rate Generator • • • PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 182 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 16-2: EUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM The operation of the EUSART module is controlled through three registers: • Transmit Status and Control (TXSTA) • Receive Status and Control (RCSTA) • Baud Rate Control (BAUDCTL) These registers are detailed in Register 16-1, Register 16-2 and Register 16-3, respectively. For all modes of EUSART operation, the TRIS control bits corresponding to the RX/DT and TX/CK pins should be set to ‘1’. The EUSART control will automatically reconfigure the pin from input to output, as needed. RX/DT pin Pin Buffer and Control SPEN Data Recovery CREN OERR FERR MSb RSR Register LSb RX9D RCREG Register FIFO RCIF Interrupt RCIE Data Bus 8 Stop (8) 7 1 0 START RX9 • • • SPBRGH SPBRG BRG16 RCIDL FOSC ÷ n + 1 Multiplier x4 x16 x64 n SYNC 1 X 0 0 0 BRGH X 1 1 0 0 BRG16 X 1 0 1 0 Baud Rate Generator  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 183 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.1 EUSART Asynchronous Mode The EUSART transmits and receives data using the standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format. NRZ is implemented with two levels: a VOH mark state which represents a ‘1’ data bit, and a VOL space state which represents a ‘0’ data bit. NRZ refers to the fact that consecutively transmitted data bits of the same value stay at the output level of that bit without returning to a neutral level between each bit transmission. An NRZ transmission port idles in the mark state. Each character transmission consists of one Start bit followed by eight or nine data bits and is always terminated by one or more Stop bits. The Start bit is always a space and the Stop bits are always marks. The most common data format is 8 bits. Each transmitted bit persists for a period of 1/(Baud Rate). An on-chip dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator is used to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the system oscillator. See Table 16-5 for examples of baud rate configurations. The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally independent, but share the same data format and baud rate. Parity is not supported by the hardware, but can be implemented in software and stored as the ninth data bit. 16.1.1 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMITTER The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in Figure 16-1. The heart of the transmitter is the serial Transmit Shift Register (TSR), which is not directly accessible by software. The TSR obtains its data from the transmit buffer, which is the TXREG register. 16.1.1.1 Enabling the Transmitter The EUSART transmitter is enabled for asynchronous operations by configuring the following three control bits: • TXEN = 1 • SYNC = 0 • SPEN = 1 All other EUSART control bits are assumed to be in their default state. Setting the TXEN bit of the TXSTA register enables the transmitter circuitry of the EUSART. Clearing the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures the EUSART for asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the EUSART and automatically configures the TX/CK I/O pin as an output. If the TX/CK pin is shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O function must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bit. 16.1.1.2 Transmitting Data A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the TXREG register. If this is the first character, or the previous character has been completely flushed from the TSR, the data in the TXREG is immediately transferred to the TSR register. If the TSR still contains all or part of a previous character, the new character data is held in the TXREG until the Stop bit of the previous character has been transmitted. The pending character in the TXREG is then transferred to the TSR in one TCY immediately following the Stop bit transmission. The transmission of the Start bit, data bits and Stop bit sequence commences immediately following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the TXREG. 16.1.1.3 Transmit Data Polarity The polarity of the transmit data can be controlled with the CKTXP bit of the BAUDCON register. The default state of this bit is ‘0’ which selects high true transmit idle and data bits. Setting the CKTXP bit to ‘1’ will invert the transmit data resulting in low true idle and data bits. The CKTXP bit controls transmit data polarity only in Asynchronous mode. In Synchronous mode the CKTXP bit has a different function. Note 1: When the SPEN bit is set the RX/DT I/O pin is automatically configured as an input, regardless of the state of the corresponding TRIS bit and whether or not the EUSART receiver is enabled. The RX/DT pin data can be read via a normal PORT read but PORT latch data output is precluded. 2: The TXIF transmitter interrupt flag is set when the TXEN enable bit is set. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 184 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.1.1.4 Transmit Interrupt Flag The TXIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set whenever the EUSART transmitter is enabled and no character is being held for transmission in the TXREG. In other words, the TXIF bit is only clear when the TSR is busy with a character and a new character has been queued for transmission in the TXREG. The TXIF flag bit is not cleared immediately upon writing TXREG. TXIF becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following the write execution. Polling TXIF immediately following the TXREG write will return invalid results. The TXIF bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared by software. The TXIF interrupt can be enabled by setting the TXIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register. However, the TXIF flag bit will be set whenever the TXREG is empty, regardless of the state of TXIE enable bit. To use interrupts when transmitting data, set the TXIE bit only when there is more data to send. Clear the TXIE interrupt enable bit upon writing the last character of the transmission to the TXREG. 16.1.1.5 TSR Status The TRMT bit of the TXSTA register indicates the status of the TSR register. This is a read-only bit. The TRMT bit is set when the TSR register is empty and is cleared when a character is transferred to the TSR register from the TXREG. The TRMT bit remains clear until all bits have been shifted out of the TSR register. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user needs to poll this bit to determine the TSR status. 16.1.1.6 Transmitting 9-Bit Characters The EUSART supports 9-bit character transmissions. When the TX9 bit of the TXSTA register is set the EUSART will shift 9 bits out for each character transmitted. The TX9D bit of the TXSTA register is the ninth, and Most Significant, data bit. When transmitting 9-bit data, the TX9D data bit must be written before writing the 8 Least Significant bits into the TXREG. All nine bits of data will be transferred to the TSR shift register immediately after the TXREG is written. A special 9-bit Address mode is available for use with multiple receivers. See Section 16.1.2.8 “Address Detection” for more information on the Address mode. 16.1.1.7 Asynchronous Transmission Set-up: 1. Initialize the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 “EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)”). 2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit. 3. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 control bit. A set ninth data bit will indicate that the 8 Least Significant data bits are an address when the receiver is set for address detection. 4. Set the CKTXP control bit if inverted transmit data polarity is desired. 5. Enable the transmission by setting the TXEN control bit. This will cause the TXIF interrupt bit to be set. 6. If interrupts are desired, set the TXIE interrupt enable bit. An interrupt will occur immediately provided that the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register are also set. 7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit should be loaded into the TX9D data bit. 8. Load 8-bit data into the TXREG register. This will start the transmission. Note: The TSR register is not mapped in data memory, so it is not available to the user.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 185 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 16-3: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION FIGURE 16-4: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK-TO-BACK) TABLE 16-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 TXREG EUSART Transmit Register 287 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission. Word 1 Stop bit Word 1 Transmit Shift Reg Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 Write to TXREG Word 1 BRG Output (Shift Clock) RB7/TX/CK TXIF bit (Transmit Buffer Reg. Empty Flag) TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) 1 TCY pin Transmit Shift Reg Write to TXREG BRG Output (Shift Clock) RB7/TX/CK TXIF bit (Interrupt Reg. Flag) TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) Word 1 Word 2 Word 1 Word 2 Start bit Stop bit Start bit Transmit Shift Reg Word 1 Word 2 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 bit 0 Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions. 1 TCY 1 TCY pin PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 186 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.1.2 EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER The Asynchronous mode would typically be used in RS-232 systems. The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 16-2. The data is received on the RX/DT pin and drives the data recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a high-speed shifter operating at 16 times the baud rate, whereas the serial Receive Shift Register (RSR) operates at the bit rate. When all 8 or 9 bits of the character have been shifted in, they are immediately transferred to a two character First-In-First-Out (FIFO) memory. The FIFO buffering allows reception of two complete characters and the start of a third character before software must start servicing the EUSART receiver. The FIFO and RSR registers are not directly accessible by software. Access to the received data is via the RCREG register. 16.1.2.1 Enabling the Receiver The EUSART receiver is enabled for asynchronous operation by configuring the following three control bits: • CREN = 1 • SYNC = 0 • SPEN = 1 All other EUSART control bits are assumed to be in their default state. Setting the CREN bit of the RCSTA register enables the receiver circuitry of the EUSART. Clearing the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures the EUSART for asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the EUSART. The RX/DT I/O pin must be configured as an input by setting the corresponding TRIS control bit. If the RX/DT pin is shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O function must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bit. 16.1.2.2 Receiving Data The receiver data recovery circuit initiates character reception on the falling edge of the first bit. The first bit, also known as the Start bit, is always a zero. The data recovery circuit counts one-half bit time to the center of the Start bit and verifies that the bit is still a zero. If it is not a zero then the data recovery circuit aborts character reception, without generating an error, and resumes looking for the falling edge of the Start bit. If the Start bit zero verification succeeds then the data recovery circuit counts a full bit time to the center of the next bit. The bit is then sampled by a majority detect circuit and the resulting ‘0’ or ‘1’ is shifted into the RSR. This repeats until all data bits have been sampled and shifted into the RSR. One final bit time is measured and the level sampled. This is the Stop bit, which is always a ‘1’. If the data recovery circuit samples a ‘0’ in the Stop bit position then a framing error is set for this character, otherwise the framing error is cleared for this character. See Section 16.1.2.5 “Receive Framing Error” for more information on framing errors. Immediately after all data bits and the Stop bit have been received, the character in the RSR is transferred to the EUSART receive FIFO and the RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set. The top character in the FIFO is transferred out of the FIFO by reading the RCREG register. 16.1.2.3 Receive Data Polarity The polarity of the receive data can be controlled with the DTRXP bit of the BAUDCON register. The default state of this bit is ‘0’ which selects high true receive idle and data bits. Setting the DTRXP bit to ‘1’ will invert the receive data resulting in low true idle and data bits. The DTRXP bit controls receive data polarity only in Asynchronous mode. In synchronous mode the DTRXP bit has a different function. Note: When the SPEN bit is set the TX/CK I/O pin is automatically configured as an output, regardless of the state of the corresponding TRIS bit and whether or not the EUSART transmitter is enabled. The PORT latch is disconnected from the output driver so it is not possible to use the TX/CK pin as a general purpose output. Note: If the receive FIFO is overrun, no additional characters will be received until the overrun condition is cleared. See Section 16.1.2.6 “Receive Overrun Error” for more information on overrun errors.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 187 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.1.2.4 Receive Interrupts The RCIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set whenever the EUSART receiver is enabled and there is an unread character in the receive FIFO. The RCIF interrupt flag bit is read-only, it cannot be set or cleared by software. RCIF interrupts are enabled by setting the following bits: • RCIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register • PEIE peripheral interrupt enable bit of the INTCON register • GIE global interrupt enable bit of the INTCON register The RCIF interrupt flag bit will be set when there is an unread character in the FIFO, regardless of the state of interrupt enable bits. 16.1.2.5 Receive Framing Error Each character in the receive FIFO buffer has a corresponding framing error status bit. A framing error indicates that a Stop bit was not seen at the expected time. The framing error status is accessed via the FERR bit of the RCSTA register. The FERR bit represents the status of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. Therefore, the FERR bit must be read before reading the RCREG. The FERR bit is read-only and only applies to the top unread character in the receive FIFO. A framing error (FERR = 1) does not preclude reception of additional characters. It is not necessary to clear the FERR bit. Reading the next character from the FIFO buffer will advance the FIFO to the next character and the next corresponding framing error. The FERR bit can be forced clear by clearing the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register which resets the EUSART. Clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register does not affect the FERR bit. A framing error by itself does not generate an interrupt. 16.1.2.6 Receive Overrun Error The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An overrun error will be generated If a third character, in its entirety, is received before the FIFO is accessed. When this happens the OERR bit of the RCSTA register is set. The characters already in the FIFO buffer can be read but no additional characters will be received until the error is cleared. The error must be cleared by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register or by resetting the EUSART by clearing the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register. 16.1.2.7 Receiving 9-bit Characters The EUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When the RX9 bit of the RCSTA register is set, the EUSART will shift 9 bits into the RSR for each character received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTA register is the ninth and Most Significant data bit of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from the RCREG. 16.1.2.8 Address Detection A special Address Detection mode is available for use when multiple receivers share the same transmission line, such as in RS-485 systems. Address detection is enabled by setting the ADDEN bit of the RCSTA register. Address detection requires 9-bit character reception. When address detection is enabled, only characters with the ninth data bit set will be transferred to the receive FIFO buffer, thereby setting the RCIF interrupt bit. All other characters will be ignored. Upon receiving an address character, user software determines if the address matches its own. Upon address match, user software must disable address detection by clearing the ADDEN bit before the next Stop bit occurs. When user software detects the end of the message, determined by the message protocol used, software places the receiver back into the Address Detection mode by setting the ADDEN bit. Note: If all receive characters in the receive FIFO have framing errors, repeated reads of the RCREG will not clear the FERR bit. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 188 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.1.2.9 Asynchronous Reception Set-up: 1. Initialize the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 “EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)”). 2. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit and the RX/DT pin TRIS bit. The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous operation. 3. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE interrupt enable bit and set the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register. 4. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit. 5. Set the DTRXP if inverted receive polarity is desired. 6. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit. 7. The RCIF interrupt flag bit will be set when a character is transferred from the RSR to the receive buffer. An interrupt will be generated if the RCIE interrupt enable bit was also set. 8. Read the RCSTA register to get the error flags and, if 9-bit data reception is enabled, the ninth data bit. 9. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits from the receive buffer by reading the RCREG register. 10. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by clearing the CREN receiver enable bit. 16.1.2.10 9-bit Address Detection Mode Set-up This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems. To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address Detect Enable: 1. Initialize the SPBRGH, SPBRG register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 “EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)”). 2. Enable the serial port by setting the SPEN bit. The SYNC bit must be clear for asynchronous operation. 3. If interrupts are desired, set the RCIE interrupt enable bit and set the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register. 4. Enable 9-bit reception by setting the RX9 bit. 5. Enable address detection by setting the ADDEN bit. 6. Set the DTRXP if inverted receive polarity is desired. 7. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit. 8. The RCIF interrupt flag bit will be set when a character with the ninth bit set is transferred from the RSR to the receive buffer. An interrupt will be generated if the RCIE interrupt enable bit was also set. 9. Read the RCSTA register to get the error flags. The ninth data bit will always be set. 10. Get the received 8 Least Significant data bits from the receive buffer by reading the RCREG register. Software determines if this is the device’s address. 11. If an overrun occurred, clear the OERR flag by clearing the CREN receiver enable bit. 12. If the device has been addressed, clear the ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the receive buffer and generate interrupts. FIGURE 16-5: ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 Stop bit 0 bit 7/8 bit Start bit Start bit 7/8 Stop bit bit RX/DT pin Reg Rcv Buffer Reg Rcv Shift Read Rcv Buffer Reg RCREG RCIF (Interrupt Flag) OERR bit CREN Word 1 RCREG Word 2 RCREG Stop bit Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the third word, causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set. RCIDL  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 189 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 16-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 RCREG EUSART Receive Register 287 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 190 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.2 Clock Accuracy with Asynchronous Operation The factory calibrates the internal oscillator block output (HFINTOSC). However, the HFINTOSC frequency may drift as VDD or temperature changes, and this directly affects the asynchronous baud rate. Two methods may be used to adjust the baud rate clock, but both require a reference clock source of some kind. The first (preferred) method uses the OSCTUNE register to adjust the HFINTOSC output. Adjusting the value in the OSCTUNE register allows for fine resolution changes to the system clock source. See Section 2.6.1 “OSCTUNE Register” for more information. The other method adjusts the value in the Baud Rate Generator. This can be done automatically with the Auto-Baud Detect feature (see Section 16.3.1 “Auto-Baud Detect”). There may not be fine enough resolution when adjusting the Baud Rate Generator to compensate for a gradual change in the peripheral clock frequency. REGISTER 16-1: TXSTA: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0 CSRC TX9 TXEN(1) SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 CSRC: Clock Source Select bit Asynchronous mode: Don’t care Synchronous mode: 1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG) 0 = Slave mode (clock from external source) bit 6 TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit 1 = Selects 9-bit transmission 0 = Selects 8-bit transmission bit 5 TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1) 1 = Transmit enabled 0 = Transmit disabled bit 4 SYNC: EUSART Mode Select bit 1 = Synchronous mode 0 = Asynchronous mode bit 3 SENDB: Send Break Character bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Send Sync Break on next transmission (cleared by hardware upon completion) 0 = Sync Break transmission completed Synchronous mode: Don’t care bit 2 BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = High speed 0 = Low speed Synchronous mode: Unused in this mode bit 1 TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit 1 = TSR empty 0 = TSR full bit 0 TX9D: Ninth bit of Transmit Data Can be address/data bit or a parity bit. Note 1: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 191 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 16-2: RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER(1) R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-x SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit 1 = Serial port enabled (configures RX/DT and TX/CK pins as serial port pins) 0 = Serial port disabled (held in Reset) bit 6 RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit 1 = Selects 9-bit reception 0 = Selects 8-bit reception bit 5 SREN: Single Receive Enable bit Asynchronous mode: Don’t care Synchronous mode – Master: 1 = Enables single receive 0 = Disables single receive This bit is cleared after reception is complete. Synchronous mode – Slave Don’t care bit 4 CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Enables receiver 0 = Disables receiver Synchronous mode: 1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN) 0 = Disables continuous receive bit 3 ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1): 1 = Enables address detection, enable interrupt and load the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set 0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit Asynchronous mode 8-bit (RX9 = 0): Don’t care bit 2 FERR: Framing Error bit 1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREG register and receive next valid byte) 0 = No framing error bit 1 OERR: Overrun Error bit 1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN) 0 = No overrun error bit 0 RX9D: Ninth bit of Received Data This can be address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 192 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 16-3: BAUDCON: BAUD RATE CONTROL REGISTER R-0 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Detect Overflow bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Auto-baud timer overflowed 0 = Auto-baud timer did not overflow Synchronous mode: Don’t care bit 6 RCIDL: Receive Idle Flag bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receiver is Idle 0 = Start bit has been detected and the receiver is active Synchronous mode: Don’t care bit 5 DTRXP: Data/Receive Polarity Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receive data (RX) is inverted (active-low) 0 = Receive data (RX) is not inverted (active-high) Synchronous mode: 1 = Data (DT) is inverted (active-low) 0 = Data (DT) is not inverted (active-high) bit 4 CKTXP: Clock/Transmit Polarity Select bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Idle state for transmit (TX) is low 0 = Idle state for transmit (TX) is high Synchronous mode: 1 = Data changes on the falling edge of the clock and is sampled on the rising edge of the clock 0 = Data changes on the rising edge of the clock and is sampled on the falling edge of the clock bit 3 BRG16: 16-bit Baud Rate Generator bit 1 = 16-bit Baud Rate Generator is used (SPBRGH:SPBRG) 0 = 8-bit Baud Rate Generator is used (SPBRG) bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 1 WUE: Wake-up Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Receiver is waiting for a falling edge. No character will be received but RCIF will be set on the falling edge. WUE will automatically clear on the rising edge. 0 = Receiver is operating normally Synchronous mode: Don’t care bit 0 ABDEN: Auto-Baud Detect Enable bit Asynchronous mode: 1 = Auto-Baud Detect mode is enabled (clears when auto-baud is complete) 0 = Auto-Baud Detect mode is disabled Synchronous mode: Don’t care  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 193 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.3 EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG) The Baud Rate Generator (BRG) is an 8-bit or 16-bit timer that is dedicated to the support of both the asynchronous and synchronous EUSART operation. By default, the BRG operates in 8-bit mode. Setting the BRG16 bit of the BAUDCON register selects 16-bit mode. The SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair determines the period of the free running baud rate timer. In Asynchronous mode the multiplier of the baud rate period is determined by both the BRGH bit of the TXSTA register and the BRG16 bit of the BAUDCON register. In Synchronous mode, the BRGH bit is ignored. Table 16-3 contains the formulas for determining the baud rate. Example 16-1 provides a sample calculation for determining the baud rate and baud rate error. Typical baud rates and error values for various asynchronous modes have been computed for your convenience and are shown in Table 16-5. It may be advantageous to use the high baud rate (BRGH = 1), or the 16-bit BRG (BRG16 = 1) to reduce the baud rate error. The 16-bit BRG mode is used to achieve slow baud rates for fast oscillator frequencies. Writing a new value to the SPBRGH, SPBRG register pair causes the BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures that the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before outputting the new baud rate. If the system clock is changed during an active receive operation, a receive error or data loss may result. To avoid this problem, check the status of the RCIDL bit to make sure that the receive operation is Idle before changing the system clock. EXAMPLE 16-1: CALCULATING BAUD RATE ERROR TABLE 16-3: BAUD RATE FORMULAS TABLE 16-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR For a device with FOSC of 16 MHz, desired baud rate of 9600, Asynchronous mode, 8-bit BRG: Solving for SPBRGH:SPBRG: Desired Baud Rate FOSC 64[SPBRGH:SPBRG] + 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------- = 25.042 = 25 Calculated Baud Rate 16000000 6425 + 1 = --------------------------- = 9615 Error Calc. Baud Rate – Desired Baud Rate Desired Baud Rate = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9615 – 9600 9600 = ---------------------------------- = 0.16% FOSC X = 64 * (Desired Baud Rate) ( )-1 16,000,000 = 64 * 9600 ( )-1 Configuration Bits BRG/EUSART Mode Baud Rate Formula SYNC BRG16 BRGH 0 0 0 8-bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[64 (n+1)] 0 0 1 8-bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[16 (n+1)] 0 1 0 16-bit/Asynchronous 0 1 1 16-bit/Asynchronous 1 0 x 8-bit/Synchronous FOSC/[4 (n+1)] 1 1 x 16-bit/Synchronous Legend: x = Don’t care, n = value of SPBRGH, SPBRG register pair Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 194 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 48.000 MHz FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 12.000 MHz FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1200 — — — 1200 0.00 239 1202 0.16 155 1200 0.00 143 2400 — — — 2400 0.00 119 2404 0.16 77 2400 0.00 71 9600 9615 0.16 77 9600 0.00 29 9375 -2.34 19 9600 0.00 17 10417 10417 0.00 71 10286 -1.26 27 10417 0.00 17 10165 -2.42 16 19.2k 19.23k 0.16 38 19.20k 0.00 14 18.75k -2.34 9 19.20k 0.00 8 57.6k 57.69k 0.16 12 57.60k 0.00 7 — — — 57.60k 0.00 2 115.2k — — — — — — — — — — — — BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 8.000 MHz FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 — — — 300 0.16 207 300 0.00 191 300 0.16 51 1200 1202 0.16 103 1202 0.16 51 1200 0.00 47 1202 0.16 12 2400 2404 0.16 51 2404 0.16 25 2400 0.00 23 — — — 9600 9615 0.16 12 — — — 9600 0.00 5 — — — 10417 10417 0.00 11 10417 0.00 5 — — — — — — 19.2k — — — — — — 19.20k 0.00 2 — — — 57.6k — — — — — — 57.60k 0.00 0 — — — 115.2k — — — — — — — — — — — — BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 48.000 MHz FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 12.000 MHz FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1200 — — — — — — — — — — — — 2400 — — — — — — — — — — — — 9600 — — — 9600 0.00 119 9615 0.16 77 9600 0.00 71 10417 — — — 10378 -0.37 110 10417 0.00 71 10473 0.53 65 19.2k 19.23k 0.16 155 19.20k 0.00 59 19.23k 0.16 38 19.20k 0.00 35 57.6k 57.69k 0.16 51 57.60k 0.00 19 57.69k 0.16 12 57.60k 0.00 11 115.2k 115.38k 0.16 25 115.2k 0.00 9 — — — 115.2k 0.00 5  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 195 PIC18F/LF1XK50 BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0 FOSC = 8.000 MHz FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRG value (decimal) 300 — — — — — — — — — 300 0.16 207 1200 — — — 1202 0.16 207 1200 0.00 191 1202 0.16 51 2400 2404 0.16 207 2404 0.16 103 2400 0.00 95 2404 0.16 25 9600 9615 0.16 51 9615 0.16 25 9600 0.00 23 — — — 10417 10417 0.00 47 10417 0.00 23 10473 0.53 21 10417 0.00 5 19.2k 19231 0.16 25 19.23k 0.16 12 19.2k 0.00 11 — — — 57.6k 55556 -3.55 8 — — — 57.60k 0.00 3 — — — 115.2k — — — — — — 115.2k 0.00 1 — — — BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1 FOSC = 48.000 MHz FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 12.000 MHz FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) 300 300.0 0.00 9999 300.0 0.00 3839 300 0.00 2499 300.0 0.00 2303 1200 1200.1 0.00 2499 1200 0.00 959 1200 0.00 624 1200 0.00 575 2400 2400 0.00 1249 2400 0.00 479 2404 0.16 311 2400 0.00 287 9600 9615 0.16 311 9600 0.00 119 9615 0.16 77 9600 0.00 71 10417 10417 0.00 287 10378 -0.37 110 10417 0.00 71 10473 0.53 65 19.2k 19.23k 0.16 155 19.20k 0.00 59 19.23k 0.16 38 19.20k 0.00 35 57.6k 57.69k 0.16 51 57.60k 0.00 19 57.69k 0.16 12 57.60k 0.00 11 115.2k 115.38k 0.16 25 115.2k 0.00 9 — — — 115.2k 0.00 5 BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1 FOSC = 8.000 MHz FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) 300 299.9 -0.02 1666 300.1 0.04 832 300.0 0.00 767 300.5 0.16 207 1200 1199 -0.08 416 1202 0.16 207 1200 0.00 191 1202 0.16 51 2400 2404 0.16 207 2404 0.16 103 2400 0.00 95 2404 0.16 25 9600 9615 0.16 51 9615 0.16 25 9600 0.00 23 — — — 10417 10417 0.00 47 10417 0.00 23 10473 0.53 21 10417 0.00 5 19.2k 19.23k 0.16 25 19.23k 0.16 12 19.20k 0.00 11 — — — 57.6k 55556 -3.55 8 — — — 57.60k 0.00 3 — — — 115.2k — — — — — — 115.2k 0.00 1 — — — TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 196 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1 FOSC = 48.000 MHz FOSC = 18.432 MHz FOSC = 12.000 MHz FOSC = 11.0592 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) 300 300 0.00 39999 300.0 0.00 15359 300 0.00 9999 300.0 0.00 9215 1200 1200 0.00 9999 1200 0.00 3839 1200 0.00 2499 1200 0.00 2303 2400 2400 0.00 4999 2400 0.00 1919 2400 0.00 1249 2400 0.00 1151 9600 9600 0.00 1249 9600 0.00 479 9615 0.16 311 9600 0.00 287 10417 10417 0.00 1151 10425 0.08 441 10417 0.00 287 10433 0.16 264 19.2k 19.20k 0.00 624 19.20k 0.00 239 19.23k 0.16 155 19.20k 0.00 143 57.6k 57.69k 0.16 207 57.60k 0.00 79 57.69k 0.16 51 57.60k 0.00 47 115.2k 115.38k 0.16 103 115.2k 0.00 39 115.38k 0.16 25 115.2k 0.00 23 BAUD RATE SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1 FOSC = 8.000 MHz FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 3.6864 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) Actual Rate % Error SPBRGH :SPBRG (decimal) 300 300.0 0.00 6666 300.0 0.01 3332 300.0 0.00 3071 300.1 0.04 832 1200 1200 -0.02 1666 1200 0.04 832 1200 0.00 767 1202 0.16 207 2400 2401 0.04 832 2398 0.08 416 2400 0.00 383 2404 0.16 103 9600 9615 0.16 207 9615 0.16 103 9600 0.00 95 9615 0.16 25 10417 10417 0.00 191 10417 0.00 95 10473 0.53 87 10417 0.00 23 19.2k 19.23k 0.16 103 19.23k 0.16 51 19.20k 0.00 47 19.23k 0.16 12 57.6k 57.14k -0.79 34 58.82k 2.12 16 57.60k 0.00 15 — — — 115.2k 117.6k 2.12 16 111.1k -3.55 8 115.2k 0.00 7 — — — TABLE 16-5: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 197 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.3.1 AUTO-BAUD DETECT The EUSART module supports automatic detection and calibration of the baud rate. In the Auto-Baud Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the incoming RX signal, the RX signal is timing the BRG. The Baud Rate Generator is used to time the period of a received 55h (ASCII “U”) which is the Sync character for the LIN bus. The unique feature of this character is that it has five rising edges including the Stop bit edge. Setting the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCON register starts the auto-baud calibration sequence (Figure 16-6). While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSART state machine is held in Idle. On the first rising edge of the receive line, after the Start bit, the SPBRG begins counting up using the BRG counter clock as shown in Table 16-6. The fifth rising edge will occur on the RX pin at the end of the eighth bit period. At that time, an accumulated value totaling the proper BRG period is left in the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair, the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared, and the RCIF interrupt flag is set. A read operation on the RCREG needs to be performed to clear the RCIF interrupt. RCREG content should be discarded. When calibrating for modes that do not use the SPBRGH register the user can verify that the SPBRG register did not overflow by checking for 00h in the SPBRGH register. The BRG auto-baud clock is determined by the BRG16 and BRGH bits as shown in Table 16-6. During ABD, both the SPBRGH and SPBRG registers are used as a 16-bit counter, independent of the BRG16 bit setting. While calibrating the baud rate period, the SPBRGH and SPBRG registers are clocked at 1/8th the BRG base clock rate. The resulting byte measurement is the average bit time when clocked at full speed. TABLE 16-6: BRG COUNTER CLOCK RATES FIGURE 16-6: AUTOMATIC BAUD RATE CALIBRATION Note 1: If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit, auto-baud detection will occur on the byte following the Break character (see Section 16.3.3 “Auto-Wake-up on Break”). 2: It is up to the user to determine that the incoming character baud rate is within the range of the selected BRG clock source. Some combinations of oscillator frequency and EUSART baud rates are not possible. 3: During the auto-baud process, the auto-baud counter starts counting at 1. Upon completion of the auto-baud sequence, to achieve maximum accuracy, subtract 1 from the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair. BRG16 BRGH BRG Base Clock BRG ABD Clock 0 0 FOSC/64 FOSC/512 0 1 FOSC/16 FOSC/128 1 0 FOSC/16 FOSC/128 1 1 FOSC/4 FOSC/32 Note: During the ABD sequence, SPBRG and SPBRGH registers are both used as a 16-bit counter, independent of BRG16 setting. BRG Value RX pin ABDEN bit RCIF bit bit 0 bit 1 (Interrupt) Read RCREG BRG Clock Start Set by User Auto Cleared XXXXh 0000h Edge #1 bit 2 bit 3 Edge #2 bit 4 bit 5 Edge #3 bit 6 bit 7 Edge #4 Stop bit Edge #5 001Ch Note 1: The ABD sequence requires the EUSART module to be configured in Asynchronous mode. SPBRG XXh 1Ch SPBRGH XXh 00h RCIDL PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 198 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.3.2 AUTO-BAUD OVERFLOW During the course of automatic baud detection, the ABDOVF bit of the BAUDCON register will be set if the baud rate counter overflows before the fifth rising edge is detected on the RX pin. The ABDOVF bit indicates that the counter has exceeded the maximum count that can fit in the 16 bits of the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair. After the ABDOVF has been set, the counter continues to count until the fifth rising edge is detected on the RX pin. Upon detecting the fifth RX edge, the hardware will set the RCIF Interrupt Flag and clear the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCON register. The RCIF flag can be subsequently cleared by reading the RCREG register. The ABDOVF flag of the BAUDCON register can be cleared by software directly. To terminate the auto-baud process before the RCIF flag is set, clear the ABDEN bit then clear the ABDOVF bit of the BAUDCON register. The ABDOVF bit will remain set if the ABDEN bit is not cleared first. 16.3.3 AUTO-WAKE-UP ON BREAK During Sleep mode, all clocks to the EUSART are suspended. Because of this, the Baud Rate Generator is inactive and a proper character reception cannot be performed. The Auto-Wake-up feature allows the controller to wake-up due to activity on the RX/DT line. This feature is available only in Asynchronous mode. The Auto-Wake-up feature is enabled by setting the WUE bit of the BAUDCON register. Once set, the normal receive sequence on RX/DT is disabled, and the EUSART remains in an Idle state, monitoring for a wake-up event independent of the CPU mode. A wake-up event consists of a high-to-low transition on the RX/DT line. (This coincides with the start of a Sync Break or a wake-up signal character for the LIN protocol.) The EUSART module generates an RCIF interrupt coincident with the wake-up event. The interrupt is generated synchronously to the Q clocks in normal CPU operating modes (Figure 16-7), and asynchronously if the device is in Sleep mode (Figure 16-8). The interrupt condition is cleared by reading the RCREG register. The WUE bit is automatically cleared by the low-to-high transition on the RX line at the end of the Break. This signals to the user that the Break event is over. At this point, the EUSART module is in Idle mode waiting to receive the next character. 16.3.3.1 Special Considerations Break Character To avoid character errors or character fragments during a wake-up event, the wake-up character must be all zeros. When the wake-up is enabled the function works independent of the low time on the data stream. If the WUE bit is set and a valid non-zero character is received, the low time from the Start bit to the first rising edge will be interpreted as the wake-up event. The remaining bits in the character will be received as a fragmented character and subsequent characters can result in framing or overrun errors. Therefore, the initial character in the transmission must be all ‘0’s. This must be 10 or more bit times, 13-bit times recommended for LIN bus, or any number of bit times for standard RS-232 devices. Oscillator Startup Time Oscillator start-up time must be considered, especially in applications using oscillators with longer start-up intervals (i.e., LP, XT or HS/PLL mode). The Sync Break (or wake-up signal) character must be of sufficient length, and be followed by a sufficient interval, to allow enough time for the selected oscillator to start and provide proper initialization of the EUSART. WUE Bit The wake-up event causes a receive interrupt by setting the RCIF bit. The WUE bit is cleared by hardware by a rising edge on RX/DT. The interrupt condition is then cleared by software by reading the RCREG register and discarding its contents. To ensure that no actual data is lost, check the RCIDL bit to verify that a receive operation is not in process before setting the WUE bit. If a receive operation is not occurring, the WUE bit may then be set just prior to entering the Sleep mode.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 199 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 16-7: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMING DURING NORMAL OPERATION FIGURE 16-8: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING SLEEP Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 OSC1 WUE bit RX/DT Line RCIF Bit set by user Auto Cleared Cleared due to User Read of RCREG Note 1: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set. Q1Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2Q3Q4 Q1Q2Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 OSC1 WUE bit RX/DT Line RCIF Bit Set by User Auto Cleared Cleared due to User Read of RCREG Sleep Command Executed Note 1 Note 1: If the wake-up event requires long oscillator warm-up time, the automatic clearing of the WUE bit can occur while the stposc signal is still active. This sequence should not depend on the presence of Q clocks. 2: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set. Sleep Ends PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 200 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.3.4 BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE The EUSART module has the capability of sending the special Break character sequences that are required by the LIN bus standard. A Break character consists of a Start bit, followed by 12 ‘0’ bits and a Stop bit. To send a Break character, set the SENDB and TXEN bits of the TXSTA register. The Break character transmission is then initiated by a write to the TXREG. The value of data written to TXREG will be ignored and all ‘0’s will be transmitted. The SENDB bit is automatically reset by hardware after the corresponding Stop bit is sent. This allows the user to preload the transmit FIFO with the next transmit byte following the Break character (typically, the Sync character in the LIN specification). The TRMT bit of the TXSTA register indicates when the transmit operation is active or Idle, just as it does during normal transmission. See Figure 16-9 for the timing of the Break character sequence. 16.3.4.1 Break and Sync Transmit Sequence The following sequence will start a message frame header made up of a Break, followed by an auto-baud Sync byte. This sequence is typical of a LIN bus master. 1. Configure the EUSART for the desired mode. 2. Set the TXEN and SENDB bits to enable the Break sequence. 3. Load the TXREG with a dummy character to initiate transmission (the value is ignored). 4. Write ‘55h’ to TXREG to load the Sync character into the transmit FIFO buffer. 5. After the Break has been sent, the SENDB bit is reset by hardware and the Sync character is then transmitted. When the TXREG becomes empty, as indicated by the TXIF, the next data byte can be written to TXREG. 16.3.5 RECEIVING A BREAK CHARACTER The Enhanced EUSART module can receive a Break character in two ways. The first method to detect a Break character uses the FERR bit of the RCSTA register and the Received data as indicated by RCREG. The Baud Rate Generator is assumed to have been initialized to the expected baud rate. A Break character has been received when; • RCIF bit is set • FERR bit is set • RCREG = 00h The second method uses the Auto-Wake-up feature described in Section 16.3.3 “Auto-Wake-up on Break”. By enabling this feature, the EUSART will sample the next two transitions on RX/DT, cause an RCIF interrupt, and receive the next data byte followed by another interrupt. Note that following a Break character, the user will typically want to enable the Auto-Baud Detect feature. For both methods, the user can set the ABDEN bit of the BAUDCON register before placing the EUSART in Sleep mode. FIGURE 16-9: SEND BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE Write to TXREG Dummy Write BRG Output (Shift Clock) Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 11 Stop bit Break TXIF bit (Transmit interrupt Flag) TX (pin) TRMT bit (Transmit Shift Reg. Empty Flag) SENDB (send Break control bit) SENDB Sampled Here Auto Cleared  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 201 PIC18F/LF1XK50 16.4 EUSART Synchronous Mode Synchronous serial communications are typically used in systems with a single master and one or more slaves. The master device contains the necessary circuitry for baud rate generation and supplies the clock for all devices in the system. Slave devices can take advantage of the master clock by eliminating the internal clock generation circuitry. There are two signal lines in Synchronous mode: a bidirectional data line and a clock line. Slaves use the external clock supplied by the master to shift the serial data into and out of their respective receive and transmit shift registers. Since the data line is bidirectional, synchronous operation is half-duplex only. Half-duplex refers to the fact that master and slave devices can receive and transmit data but not both simultaneously. The EUSART can operate as either a master or slave device. Start and Stop bits are not used in synchronous transmissions. 16.4.1 SYNCHRONOUS MASTER MODE The following bits are used to configure the EUSART for Synchronous Master operation: • SYNC = 1 • CSRC = 1 • SREN = 0 (for transmit); SREN = 1 (for receive) • CREN = 0 (for transmit); CREN = 1 (for receive) • SPEN = 1 Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device for synchronous operation. Setting the CSRC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device as a master. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTA register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode, otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the EUSART. If the RX/DT or TX/CK pins are shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O functions must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bits. The TRIS bits corresponding to the RX/DT and TX/CK pins should be set. 16.4.1.1 Master Clock Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line, which is synchronous with the data. A device configured as a master transmits the clock on the TX/CK line. The TX/CK pin output driver is automatically enabled when the EUSART is configured for synchronous transmit or receive operation. Serial data bits change on the leading edge to ensure they are valid at the trailing edge of each clock. One clock cycle is generated for each data bit. Only as many clock cycles are generated as there are data bits. 16.4.1.2 Clock Polarity A clock polarity option is provided for Microwire compatibility. Clock polarity is selected with the CKTXP bit of the BAUDCON register. Setting the CKTXP bit sets the clock Idle state as high. When the CKTXP bit is set, the data changes on the falling edge of each clock and is sampled on the rising edge of each clock. Clearing the CKTXP bit sets the Idle state as low. When the CKTXP bit is cleared, the data changes on the rising edge of each clock and is sampled on the falling edge of each clock. 16.4.1.3 Synchronous Master Transmission Data is transferred out of the device on the RX/DT pin. The RX/DT and TX/CK pin output drivers are automatically enabled when the EUSART is configured for synchronous master transmit operation. A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the TXREG register. If the TSR still contains all or part of a previous character the new character data is held in the TXREG until the last bit of the previous character has been transmitted. If this is the first character, or the previous character has been completely flushed from the TSR, the data in the TXREG is immediately transferred to the TSR. The transmission of the character commences immediately following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the TXREG. Each data bit changes on the leading edge of the master clock and remains valid until the subsequent leading clock edge. 16.4.1.4 Data Polarity The polarity of the transmit and receive data can be controlled with the DTRXP bit of the BAUDCON register. The default state of this bit is ‘0’ which selects high true transmit and receive data. Setting the DTRXP bit to ‘1’ will invert the data resulting in low true transmit and receive data. Note: The TSR register is not mapped in data memory, so it is not available to the user. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 202 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.4.1.5 Synchronous Master Transmission Set-up: 1. Initialize the SPBRGH, SPBRG register pair and the BRGH and BRG16 bits to achieve the desired baud rate (see Section 16.3 “EUSART Baud Rate Generator (BRG)”). 2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC. Set the TRIS bits corresponding to the RX/DT and TX/CK I/O pins. 3. Disable Receive mode by clearing bits SREN and CREN. 4. Enable Transmit mode by setting the TXEN bit. 5. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit. 6. If interrupts are desired, set the TXIE, GIE and PEIE interrupt enable bits. 7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit should be loaded in the TX9D bit. 8. Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG register. FIGURE 16-10: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION FIGURE 16-11: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN) bit 0 bit 1 bit 7 Word 1 bit 2 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7 RX/DT Write to TXREG Reg TXIF bit (Interrupt Flag) TXEN bit ‘1’ ‘1’ Word 2 TRMT bit Write Word 1 Write Word 2 Note: Sync Master mode, SPBRG = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words. pin TX/CK pin TX/CK pin (SCKP = 0) (SCKP = 1) RX/DT pin TX/CK pin Write to TXREG reg TXIF bit TRMT bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7 TXEN bit  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 203 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 16-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION 16.4.1.6 Synchronous Master Reception Data is received at the RX/DT pin. The RX/DT pin output driver must be disabled by setting the corresponding TRIS bits when the EUSART is configured for synchronous master receive operation. In Synchronous mode, reception is enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit (SREN of the RCSTA register) or the Continuous Receive Enable bit (CREN of the RCSTA register). When SREN is set and CREN is clear, only as many clock cycles are generated as there are data bits in a single character. The SREN bit is automatically cleared at the completion of one character. When CREN is set, clocks are continuously generated until CREN is cleared. If CREN is cleared in the middle of a character the CK clock stops immediately and the partial character is discarded. If SREN and CREN are both set, then SREN is cleared at the completion of the first character and CREN takes precedence. To initiate reception, set either SREN or CREN. Data is sampled at the RX/DT pin on the trailing edge of the TX/CK clock pin and is shifted into the Receive Shift Register (RSR). When a complete character is received into the RSR, the RCIF bit is set and the character is automatically transferred to the two character receive FIFO. The Least Significant eight bits of the top character in the receive FIFO are available in RCREG. The RCIF bit remains set as long as there are un-read characters in the receive FIFO. 16.4.1.7 Slave Clock Synchronous data transfers use a separate clock line, which is synchronous with the data. A device configured as a slave receives the clock on the TX/CK line. The TX/CK pin output driver must be disabled by setting the associated TRIS bit when the device is configured for synchronous slave transmit or receive operation. Serial data bits change on the leading edge to ensure they are valid at the trailing edge of each clock. One data bit is transferred for each clock cycle. Only as many clock cycles should be received as there are data bits. 16.4.1.8 Receive Overrun Error The receive FIFO buffer can hold two characters. An overrun error will be generated if a third character, in its entirety, is received before RCREG is read to access the FIFO. When this happens the OERR bit of the RCSTA register is set. Previous data in the FIFO will not be overwritten. The two characters in the FIFO buffer can be read, however, no additional characters will be received until the error is cleared. The OERR bit can only be cleared by clearing the overrun condition. If the overrun error occurred when the SREN bit is set and CREN is clear then the error is cleared by reading RCREG. If the overrun occurred when the CREN bit is set then the error condition is cleared by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 TXREG EUSART Transmit Register 287 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 204 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 16.4.1.9 Receiving 9-bit Characters The EUSART supports 9-bit character reception. When the RX9 bit of the RCSTA register is set the EUSART will shift 9-bits into the RSR for each character received. The RX9D bit of the RCSTA register is the ninth, and Most Significant, data bit of the top unread character in the receive FIFO. When reading 9-bit data from the receive FIFO buffer, the RX9D data bit must be read before reading the 8 Least Significant bits from the RCREG. 16.4.1.10 Synchronous Master Reception Set-up: 1. Initialize the SPBRGH, SPBRG register pair for the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate. 2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC. Disable RX/DT and TX/CK output drivers by setting the corresponding TRIS bits. 3. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear. 4. If using interrupts, set the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register and set RCIE. 5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9. 6. Start reception by setting the SREN bit or for continuous reception, set the CREN bit. 7. Interrupt flag bit RCIF will be set when reception of a character is complete. An interrupt will be generated if the enable bit RCIE was set. 8. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if enabled) and determine if any error occurred during reception. 9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the RCREG register. 10. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. FIGURE 16-12: SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN) CREN bit RX/DT Write to bit SREN SREN bit RCIF bit (Interrupt) Read RXREG ‘0’ bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 ‘0’ Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRGH = 0. TX/CK pin TX/CK pin pin (SCKP = 0) (SCKP = 1)  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 205 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 16-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION 16.4.2 SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE MODE The following bits are used to configure the EUSART for Synchronous slave operation: • SYNC = 1 • CSRC = 0 • SREN = 0 (for transmit); SREN = 1 (for receive) • CREN = 0 (for transmit); CREN = 1 (for receive) • SPEN = 1 Setting the SYNC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device for synchronous operation. Clearing the CSRC bit of the TXSTA register configures the device as a slave. Clearing the SREN and CREN bits of the RCSTA register ensures that the device is in the Transmit mode, otherwise the device will be configured to receive. Setting the SPEN bit of the RCSTA register enables the EUSART. If the RX/DT or TX/CK pins are shared with an analog peripheral the analog I/O functions must be disabled by clearing the corresponding ANSEL bits. RX/DT and TX/CK pin output drivers must be disabled by setting the corresponding TRIS bits. 16.4.2.1 EUSART Synchronous Slave Transmit The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave modes are identical (see Section 16.4.1.3 “Synchronous Master Transmission”), except in the case of the Sleep mode. If two words are written to the TXREG and then the SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur: 1. The first character will immediately transfer to the TSR register and transmit. 2. The second word will remain in TXREG register. 3. The TXIF bit will not be set. 4. After the first character has been shifted out of TSR, the TXREG register will transfer the second character to the TSR and the TXIF bit will now be set. 5. If the PEIE and TXIE bits are set, the interrupt will wake the device from Sleep and execute the next instruction. If the GIE bit is also set, the program will call the Interrupt Service Routine. 16.4.2.2 Synchronous Slave Transmission Set-up: 1. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the CSRC bit. Set the TRIS bits corresponding to the RX/DT and TX/CK I/O pins. 2. Clear the CREN and SREN bits. 3. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register are set and set the TXIE bit. 4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set the TX9 bit. 5. Enable transmission by setting the TXEN bit. 6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, insert the Most Significant bit into the TX9D bit. 7. Start transmission by writing the Least Significant 8 bits to the TXREG register. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 RCREG EUSART Receive Register 287 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 206 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 16-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION 16.4.2.3 EUSART Synchronous Slave Reception The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave modes is identical (Section 16.4.1.6 “Synchronous Master Reception”), with the following exceptions: • Sleep • CREN bit is always set, therefore the receiver is never Idle • SREN bit, which is a “don't care” in Slave mode A character may be received while in Sleep mode by setting the CREN bit prior to entering Sleep. Once the word is received, the RSR register will transfer the data to the RCREG register. If the RCIE enable bit is set, the interrupt generated will wake the device from Sleep and execute the next instruction. If the GIE bit is also set, the program will branch to the interrupt vector. 16.4.2.4 Synchronous Slave Reception Set-up: 1. Set the SYNC and SPEN bits and clear the CSRC bit. Set the TRIS bits corresponding to the RX/DT and TX/CK I/O pins. 2. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE bits of the INTCON register are set and set the RCIE bit. 3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set the RX9 bit. 4. Set the CREN bit to enable reception. 5. The RCIF bit will be set when reception is complete. An interrupt will be generated if the RCIE bit was set. 6. If 9-bit mode is enabled, retrieve the Most Significant bit from the RX9D bit of the RCSTA register. 7. Retrieve the 8 Least Significant bits from the receive FIFO by reading the RCREG register. 8. If an overrun error occurs, clear the error by either clearing the CREN bit of the RCSTA register or by clearing the SPEN bit which resets the EUSART. Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 TXREG EUSART Transmit Register 287 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 207 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 16-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 RCSTA SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 287 RCREG EUSART Receive Register 287 TXSTA CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 287 BAUDCON ABDOVF RCIDL DTRXP CKTXP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 287 SPBRGH EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, High Byte 287 SPBRG EUSART Baud Rate Generator Register, Low Byte 287 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 208 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 209 PIC18F/LF1XK50 17.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) MODULE The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) allows conversion of an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary representation of that signal. This device uses analog inputs, which are multiplexed into a single sample and hold circuit. The output of the sample and hold is connected to the input of the converter. The converter generates a 10-bit binary result via successive approximation and stores the conversion result into the ADC result registers (ADRESL and ADRESH). The ADC voltage reference is software selectable to either VDD, or a voltage applied to the external reference pins. The ADC can generate an interrupt upon completion of a conversion. This interrupt can be used to wake-up the device from Sleep. Figure 17-1 shows the block diagram of the ADC. FIGURE 17-1: ADC BLOCK DIAGRAM ADC AN4 AVDD VREF+ ADON GO/DONE CHS<3:0> ADRESH ADRESL 10 10 ADFM VSS AN5 AN6 AN7 AN3 AN8 AN9 AN10 AN11 AVSS VREFNVCFG[ 1:0] = 00 FVR 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Unused Unused 0 = Left Justify 1 = Right Justify Unused Unused Unused DAC NVCFG[1:0] = 01 FVR PVCFG[1:0] = 00 PVCFG[1:0] = 01 PVCFG[1:0] = 10 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 210 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 17.1 ADC Configuration When configuring and using the ADC the following functions must be considered: • Port configuration • Channel selection • ADC voltage reference selection • ADC conversion clock source • Interrupt control • Results formatting 17.1.1 PORT CONFIGURATION The ANSEL, ANSELH, TRISA, TRISB and TRISE registers all configure the A/D port pins. Any port pin needed as an analog input should have its corresponding ANSx bit set to disable the digital input buffer and TRISx bit set to disable the digital output driver. If the TRISx bit is cleared, the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be converted. The A/D operation is independent of the state of the ANSx bits and the TRIS bits. 17.1.2 CHANNEL SELECTION The CHS bits of the ADCON0 register determine which channel is connected to the sample and hold circuit. When changing channels, a delay is required before starting the next conversion. Refer to Section 17.2 “ADC Operation” for more information. 17.1.3 ADC VOLTAGE REFERENCE The PVCFG and NVCFG bits of the ADCON1 register provide independent control of the positive and negative voltage references, respectively. The positive voltage reference can be either VDD, FVR or an external voltage source. The negative voltage reference can be either VSS or an external voltage source. 17.1.4 SELECTING AND CONFIGURING ACQUISITION TIME The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE bit is set. Acquisition time is set with the ACQT<2:0> bits of the ADCON2 register. Acquisition delays cover a range of 2 to 20 TAD. When the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues to sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisition time is programmed, there is no need to wait for an acquisition time between selecting a channel and setting the GO/DONE bit. Manual acquisition is selected when ACQT<2:0> = 000. When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensuring the required acquisition time has passed between selecting the desired input channel and setting the GO/DONE bit. This option is also the default Reset state of the ACQT<2:0> bits and is compatible with devices that do not offer programmable acquisition times. In either case, when the conversion is completed, the GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel again. When an acquisition time is programmed, there is no indication of when the acquisition time ends and the conversion begins. 17.1.5 CONVERSION CLOCK The source of the conversion clock is software selectable via the ADCS bits of the ADCON2 register. There are seven possible clock options: • FOSC/2 • FOSC/4 • FOSC/8 • FOSC/16 • FOSC/32 • FOSC/64 • FRC (dedicated internal oscillator) The time to complete one bit conversion is defined as TAD. One full 10-bit conversion requires 11 TAD periods as shown in Figure 17-3. For correct conversion, the appropriate TAD specification must be met. See A/D conversion requirements in Table 27-9 for more information. Table 17-1 gives examples of appropriate ADC clock selections. Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins with their corresponding ANSx bit set read as cleared (a low level). However, analog conversion of pins configured as digital inputs (ANSx bit cleared and TRISx bit set) will be accurately converted. 2: Analog levels on any pin with the corresponding ANSx bit cleared may cause the digital input buffer to consume current out of the device’s specification limits. Note: Unless using the FRC, any changes in the system clock frequency will change the ADC clock frequency, which may adversely affect the ADC result.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 211 PIC18F/LF1XK50 17.1.6 INTERRUPTS The ADC module allows for the ability to generate an interrupt upon completion of an Analog-to-Digital Conversion. The ADC interrupt flag is the ADIF bit in the PIR1 register. The ADC interrupt enable is the ADIE bit in the PIE1 register. The ADIF bit must be cleared by software. This interrupt can be generated while the device is operating or while in Sleep. If the device is in Sleep, the interrupt will wake-up the device. Upon waking from Sleep, the next instruction following the SLEEP instruction is always executed. If the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution, the global interrupt must be disabled. If the global interrupt is enabled, execution will switch to the Interrupt Service Routine. Please see Section 17.1.6 “Interrupts” for more information. TABLE 17-1: ADC CLOCK PERIOD (TAD) VS. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES 17.1.7 RESULT FORMATTING The 10-bit A/D conversion result can be supplied in two formats, left justified or right justified. The ADFM bit of the ADCON2 register controls the output format. Figure 17-2 shows the two output formats. FIGURE 17-2: 10-BIT A/D CONVERSION RESULT FORMAT Note: The ADIF bit is set at the completion of every conversion, regardless of whether or not the ADC interrupt is enabled. ADC Clock Period (TAD) Device Frequency (FOSC) ADC Clock Source ADCS<2:0> 48 MHz 16 MHz 4 MHz 1 MHz FOSC/2 000 41.67 ns(2) 125 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 2.0 s FOSC/4 100 83.33 ns(2) 250 ns(2) 1.0 s 4.0 s FOSC/8 001 167 ns(2) 500 ns(2) 2.0 s 8.0 s(3) FOSC/16 101 333 ns(2) 1.0 s 4.0 s 16.0 s(3) FOSC/32 010 667 ns(2) 2.0 s 8.0 s(3) 32.0 s(3) FOSC/64 110 1.33 s 4.0 s 16.0 s(3) 64.0 s(3) FRC x11 1-4 s(1,4) 1-4 s(1,4) 1-4 s(1,4) 1-4 s(1,4) Legend: Shaded cells are outside of recommended range. Note 1: The FRC source has a typical TAD time of 1.7 s. 2: These values violate the minimum required TAD time. 3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended. 4: When the device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the FRC clock source is only recommended if the conversion will be performed during Sleep. ADRESH ADRESL (ADFM = 0) MSB LSB bit 7 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 10-bit A/D Result Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ (ADFM = 1) MSB LSB bit 7 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ 10-bit A/D Result PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 212 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 17.2 ADC Operation 17.2.1 STARTING A CONVERSION To enable the ADC module, the ADON bit of the ADCON0 register must be set to a ‘1’. Setting the GO/ DONE bit of the ADCON0 register to a ‘1’ will, depending on the ACQT bits of the ADCON2 register, either immediately start the Analog-to-Digital conversion or start an acquisition delay followed by the Analog-to- Digital conversion. Figure 17-3 shows the operation of the A/D converter after the GO bit has been set and the ACQT<2:0> bits are cleared. A conversion is started after the following instruction to allow entry into SLEEP mode before the conversion begins. Figure 17-4 shows the operation of the A/D converter after the GO bit has been set and the ACQT<2:0> bits are set to ‘010’ which selects a 4 TAD acquisition time before the conversion starts. FIGURE 17-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0) FIGURE 17-4: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD) Note: The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the same instruction that turns on the ADC. Refer to Section 17.2.9 “A/D Conversion Procedure”. TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7 TAD8 TAD11 Set GO bit Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns) TCY - TAD TAD9 TAD10 ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared, ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input. Conversion starts b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 On the following cycle: 2 TAD Discharge 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 Set GO bit (Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input) 9 10 Conversion starts 1 2 3 4 (Holding capacitor continues acquiring input) TACQT Cycles TAD Cycles Automatic Acquisition Time b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO bit is cleared, ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input. On the following cycle: 2 TAD Discharge  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 213 PIC18F/LF1XK50 17.2.2 COMPLETION OF A CONVERSION When the conversion is complete, the ADC module will: • Clear the GO/DONE bit • Set the ADIF flag bit • Update the ADRESH:ADRESL registers with new conversion result 17.2.3 DISCHARGE The discharge phase is used to initialize the value of the capacitor array. The array is discharged after every sample. This feature helps to optimize the unity-gain amplifier, as the circuit always needs to charge the capacitor array, rather than charge/discharge based on previous measure values. 17.2.4 TERMINATING A CONVERSION If a conversion must be terminated before completion, the GO/DONE bit can be cleared by software. The ADRESH:ADRESL registers will be updated with the partially complete Analog-to-Digital conversion sample. Unconverted bits will match the last bit converted. 17.2.5 DELAY BETWEEN CONVERSIONS After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a 2 TAD wait is required before the next acquisition can be started. After this wait, the currently selected channel is reconnected to the charge holding capacitor commencing the next acquisition. 17.2.6 ADC OPERATION IN POWERMANAGED MODES The selection of the automatic acquisition time and A/D conversion clock is determined in part by the clock source and frequency while in a power-managed mode. If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in a power-managed mode, the ACQT<2:0> and ADCS<2:0> bits in ADCON2 should be updated in accordance with the clock source to be used in that mode. After entering the mode, an A/D acquisition or conversion may be started. Once started, the device should continue to be clocked by the same clock source until the conversion has been completed. If desired, the device may be placed into the corresponding Idle mode during the conversion. If the device clock frequency is less than 1 MHz, the A/D FRC clock source should be selected. 17.2.7 ADC OPERATION DURING SLEEP The ADC module can operate during Sleep. This requires the ADC clock source to be set to the FRC option. When the FRC clock source is selected, the ADC waits one additional instruction before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed, which can reduce system noise during the conversion. If the ADC interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from Sleep when the conversion completes. If the ADC interrupt is disabled, the ADC module is turned off after the conversion completes, although the ADON bit remains set. When the ADC clock source is something other than FRC, a SLEEP instruction causes the present conversion to be aborted and the ADC module is turned off, although the ADON bit remains set. 17.2.8 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER The CCP1 Special Event Trigger allows periodic ADC measurements without software intervention. When this trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit is set by hardware and the Timer1 or Timer3 counter resets to zero. Using the Special Event Trigger does not assure proper ADC timing. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that the ADC timing requirements are met. See Section 14.3.4 “Special Event Trigger” for more information. Note: A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state. Thus, the ADC module is turned off and any pending conversion is terminated. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 214 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 17.2.9 A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE This is an example procedure for using the ADC to perform an Analog-to-Digital conversion: 1. Configure Port: • Disable pin output driver (See TRIS register) • Configure pin as analog 2. Configure the ADC module: • Select ADC conversion clock • Configure voltage reference • Select ADC input channel • Select result format • Select acquisition delay • Turn on ADC module 3. Configure ADC interrupt (optional): • Clear ADC interrupt flag • Enable ADC interrupt • Enable peripheral interrupt • Enable global interrupt(1) 4. Wait the required acquisition time(2). 5. Start conversion by setting the GO/DONE bit. 6. Wait for ADC conversion to complete by one of the following: • Polling the GO/DONE bit • Waiting for the ADC interrupt (interrupts enabled) 7. Read ADC Result 8. Clear the ADC interrupt flag (required if interrupt is enabled). EXAMPLE 17-1: A/D CONVERSION Note 1: The global interrupt can be disabled if the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution. 2: Software delay required if ACQT bits are set to zero delay. See Section 17.3 “A/D Acquisition Requirements”. ;This code block configures the ADC ;for polling, Vdd and Vss as reference, Frc clock and AN4 input. ; ;Conversion start & polling for completion ; are included. ; MOVLW B’10101111’ ;right justify, Frc, MOVWF ADCON2 ; & 12 TAD ACQ time MOVLW B’00000000’ ;ADC ref = Vdd,Vss MOVWF ADCON1 ; BSF TRISC,0 ;Set RC0 to input BSF ANSEL,4 ;Set RC0 to analog MOVLW B’00010001’ ;AN4, ADC on MOVWF ADCON0 ; BSF ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion ADCPoll: BTFSC ADCON0,GO ;Is conversion done? BRA ADCPoll ;No, test again ; Result is complete - store 2 MSbits in ; RESULTHI and 8 LSbits in RESULTLO MOVFF ADRESH,RESULTHI MOVFF ADRESL,RESULTLO  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 215 PIC18F/LF1XK50 17.2.10 ADC REGISTER DEFINITIONS The following registers are used to control the operation of the ADC. Note: Analog pin control is performed by the ANSEL and ANSELH registers. For ANSEL and ANSELH registers, see Register 9-15 and Register 9-16, respectively. REGISTER 17-1: ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-2 CHS<3:0>: Analog Channel Select bits 0000 = Reserved 0001 = Reserved 0010 = Reserved 0011 = AN3 0100 = AN4 0101 = AN5 0110 = AN6 0111 = AN7 1000 = AN8 1001 = AN9 1010 = AN10 1011 = AN11 1100 = Reserved 1101 = Reserved 1110 = DAC 1111 = FVR bit 1 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit 1 = A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed. 0 = A/D conversion completed/not in progress bit 0 ADON: ADC Enable bit 1 = ADC is enabled 0 = ADC is disabled and consumes no operating current Note 1: Selecting reserved channels will yield unpredictable results as unimplemented input channels are left floating. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 216 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 17-2: ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — — — — PVCFG1 PVCFG0 NVCFG1 NVCFG0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 3-2 PVCFG<1:0>: Positive Voltage Reference select bit 00 = Positive voltage reference supplied internally by VDD. 01 = Positive voltage reference supplied externally through VREF+ pin. 10 = Positive voltage reference supplied internally through FVR. 11 = Reserved. bit 1-0 NVCFG<1:0>: Negative Voltage Reference select bit 00 = Negative voltage reference supplied internally by VSS. 01 = Negative voltage reference supplied externally through VREF- pin. 10 = Reserved. 11 = Reserved.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 217 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 17-3: ADCON2: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 2 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 ADFM: A/D Conversion Result Format Select bit 1 = Right justified 0 = Left justified bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-3 ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition time select bits. Acquisition time is the duration that the A/D charge holding capacitor remains connected to A/D channel from the instant the GO/DONE bit is set until conversions begins. 000 = 0(1) 001 = 2 TAD 010 = 4 TAD 011 = 6 TAD 100 = 8 TAD 101 = 12 TAD 110 = 16 TAD 111 = 20 TAD bit 2-0 ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits 000 = FOSC/2 001 = FOSC/8 010 = FOSC/32 011 = FRC(1) (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 600 kHz nominal) 100 = FOSC/4 101 = FOSC/16 110 = FOSC/64 111 = FRC(1) (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 600 kHz nominal) Note 1: When the A/D clock source is selected as FRC then the start of conversion is delayed by one instruction cycle after the GO/DONE bit is set to allow the SLEEP instruction to be executed. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 218 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 17-4: ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x ADRES9 ADRES8 ADRES7 ADRES6 ADRES5 ADRES4 ADRES3 ADRES2 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-0 ADRES<9:2>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result REGISTER 17-5: ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x ADRES1 ADRES0 — — — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 ADRES<1:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result bit 5-0 Reserved: Do not use. REGISTER 17-6: ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x — — — — — — ADRES9 ADRES8 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-2 Reserved: Do not use. bit 1-0 ADRES<9:8>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result REGISTER 17-7: ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x ADRES7 ADRES6 ADRES5 ADRES4 ADRES3 ADRES2 ADRES1 ADRES0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-0 ADRES<7:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 219 PIC18F/LF1XK50 17.3 A/D Acquisition Requirements For the ADC to meet its specified accuracy, the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The Analog Input model is shown in Figure 17-5. The source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), see Figure 17-5. The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. As the source impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be decreased. After the analog input channel is selected (or changed), an A/D acquisition must be done before the conversion can be started. To calculate the minimum acquisition time, Equation 17-1 may be used. This equation assumes that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the ADC). The 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the ADC to meet its specified resolution. EQUATION 17-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE TACQ Amplifier Settling Time Hold Capacitor Charging = + Time + Temperature Coefficient = TAMP + TC + TCOFF = 5μs + TC + Temperature - 25°C0.05μs/°C TC = –CHOLDRIC + RSS + RS ln(1/2047) = –13.5pF1k + 700 + 10k ln(0.0004885) = 1.20μs TACQ = 5μs + 1.20μs + 50°C- 25°C0.05μs/°C = 7.45μs VAPPLIED 1 e –Tc -R----C---- –       VAPPLIED 1 1  – -2---0---4---7- =   VAPPLIED 1 1  – -2---0---4---7-   = VCHOLD VAPPLIED 1 e –TC --R----C--- –       = VCHOLD ;[1] VCHOLD charged to within 1/2 lsb ;[2] VCHOLD charge response to VAPPLIED ;combining [1] and [2] The value for TC can be approximated with the following equations: Solving for TC: Therefore: Assumptions: Temperature = 50°C and external impedance of 10k 3.0V VDD Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation, since it cancels itself out. 2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is discharged after each conversion. 3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. This is required to meet the pin leakage specification. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 220 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 17-5: ANALOG INPUT MODEL FIGURE 17-6: ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION VA CPIN Rs ANx 5 pF VDD VT = 0.6V VT = 0.6V I LEAKAGE(1) RIC  1k Sampling Switch SS Rss CHOLD = 13.5 pF VSS/VREF- 2.5V Rss (k) 2.0V 1.5V .1 1 10 VDD Legend: CPIN VT I LEAKAGE RIC SS CHOLD = Input Capacitance = Threshold Voltage = Leakage current at the pin due to = Interconnect Resistance = Sampling Switch = Sample/Hold Capacitance various junctions Discharge Switch 3.0V 3.5V 100 Note 1: See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. 3FFh 3FEh ADC Output Code 3FDh 3FCh 004h 003h 002h 001h 000h Full-Scale 3FBh 1/2 LSB ideal VSS/VREF- Zero-Scale Transition VDD/VREF+ Transition 1/2 LSB ideal Full-Scale Range Analog Input Voltage  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 221 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 17-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH A/D OPERATION Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR1 — ADIF RCIF TXIF SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 288 PIE1 — ADIE RCIE TXIE SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 288 IPR1 — ADIP RCIP TXIP SSPIP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 288 ADRESH A/D Result Register, High Byte 287 ADRESL A/D Result Register, Low Byte 287 ADCON0 — — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 287 ADCON1 — — — — PVCFG1 PVCFG0 NVCFG1 NVCFG0 287 ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 287 ANSEL ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — 288 ANSELH — — — — ANS11 ANS10 ANS9 ANS8 288 TRISA – – TRISA5 TRISA4 – – – – 288 TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 – – – – 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 222 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 223 PIC18F/LF1XK50 18.0 COMPARATOR MODULE Comparators are used to interface analog circuits to a digital circuit by comparing two analog voltages and providing a digital indication of their relative magnitudes. The comparators are very useful mixed signal building blocks because they provide analog functionality independent of the program execution. The Analog Comparator module includes the following features: • Independent comparator control • Programmable input selection • Comparator output is available internally/externally • Programmable output polarity • Interrupt-on-change • Wake-up from Sleep • Programmable Speed/Power optimization • PWM shutdown • Programmable and fixed voltage reference 18.1 Comparator Overview A single comparator is shown in Figure 18-1 along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is less than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is greater than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital high level. FIGURE 18-1: SINGLE COMPARATOR – VIN+ + VINOutput Output VIN+ VINNote: The black areas of the output of the comparator represents the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 224 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 18-2: COMPARATOR C1 SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM Note 1: When C1ON = 0, the C1 comparator will produce a ‘0’ output to the XOR Gate. 2: Q1 and Q3 are phases of the four-phase system clock (FOSC). 3: Q1 is held high during Sleep mode. 4: Positive going pulse generated on both falling and rising edges of the bit. MUX C1 C1POL C1OUT To PWM Logic 0 1 2 3 C1ON(1) C1CH<1:0> 2 0 1 C1R MUX RD_CM1CON0 Set C1IF To C1VINC1VIN+ AGND C12IN1- C12IN2- C12IN3- C1IN+ D Q Q1 EN Data Bus D Q EN CL Q3*RD_CM1CON0 NReset + - 0 1 MUX VREF C1RSEL FVR C1SP C1VREF C1OE C12OUT 0 1 C1SYNC From TMR1L[0](4) D Q SYNCC1OUT C2OE  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 225 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 18-3: COMPARATOR C2 SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM MUX C2 C2POL C2OUT To PWM Logic 0 1 2 3 C2ON(1) C2CH<1:0> 2 D Q EN D Q EN CL RD_CM2CON0 Q3*RD_CM2CON0 Q1 Set C2IF To NRESET C2VINC2VIN+ C12OUT pin AGND C12IN1- C12IN2- C12IN3- Data Bus Note 1: When C2ON = 0, the C2 comparator will produce a ‘0’ output to the XOR Gate. 2: Q1 and Q3 are phases of the four-phase system clock (FOSC). 3: Q1 is held high during Sleep mode. 4: Positive going pulse generated on both falling and rising edges of the bit. 0 1 C2R MUX C2IN+ 0 1 MUX VREF C2RSEL FVR C2SP C2VREF 0 1 C2SYNC C20E D Q From TMR1L[0] SYNCC2OUT (4) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 226 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 18.2 Comparator Control Each comparator has a separate control and Configuration register: CM1CON0 for Comparator C1 and CM2CON0 for Comparator C2. In addition, Comparator C2 has a second control register, CM2CON1, for controlling the interaction with Timer1 and simultaneous reading of both comparator outputs. The CM1CON0 and CM2CON0 registers (see Registers 18-1 and 18-2, respectively) contain the control and status bits for the following: • Enable • Input selection • Reference selection • Output selection • Output polarity • Speed selection 18.2.1 COMPARATOR ENABLE Setting the CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register enables the comparator for operation. Clearing the CxON bit disables the comparator resulting in minimum current consumption. 18.2.2 COMPARATOR INPUT SELECTION The CxCH<1:0> bits of the CMxCON0 register direct one of four analog input pins to the comparator inverting input. 18.2.3 COMPARATOR REFERENCE SELECTION Setting the CxR bit of the CMxCON0 register directs an internal voltage reference or an analog input pin to the non-inverting input of the comparator. See Section 21.0 “VOLTAGE REFERENCES” for more information on the Internal Voltage Reference module. 18.2.4 COMPARATOR OUTPUT SELECTION The output of the comparator can be monitored by reading either the CxOUT bit of the CMxCON0 register or the MCxOUT bit of the CM2CON1 register. In order to make the output available for an external connection, the following conditions must be true: • CxOE bit of the CMxCON0 register must be set • Corresponding TRIS bit must be cleared • CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register must be set Both comparators share the same output pin (C12OUT). Priority is determined by the states of the C1OE and C2OE bits. TABLE 18-1: COMPARATOR OUTPUT PRIORITY 18.2.5 COMPARATOR OUTPUT POLARITY Inverting the output of the comparator is functionally equivalent to swapping the comparator inputs. The polarity of the comparator output can be inverted by setting the CxPOL bit of the CMxCON0 register. Clearing the CxPOL bit results in a non-inverted output. Table 18-2 shows the output state versus input conditions, including polarity control. 18.2.6 COMPARATOR SPEED SELECTION The trade-off between speed or power can be optimized during program execution with the CxSP control bit. The default state for this bit is ‘1’ which selects the normal speed mode. Device power consumption can be optimized at the cost of slower comparator propagation delay by clearing the CxSP bit to ‘0’. 18.3 Comparator Response Time The comparator output is indeterminate for a period of time after the change of an input source or the selection of a new reference voltage. This period is referred to as the response time. The response time of the comparator differs from the settling time of the voltage reference. Therefore, both of these times must be considered when determining the total response time to a comparator input change. See the Comparator and Voltage Reference Specifications in Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for more details. Note: To use CxIN+ and C12INx- pins as analog inputs, the appropriate bits must be set in the ANSEL register and the corresponding TRIS bits must also be set to disable the output drivers. C10E C2OE C12OUT 0 0 I/O 0 1 C2OUT 1 0 C1OUT 1 1 C2OUT Note 1: The CxOE bit overrides the PORT data latch. Setting the CxON has no impact on the port override. 2: The internal output of the comparator is latched with each instruction cycle. Unless otherwise specified, external outputs are not latched. TABLE 18-2: COMPARATOR OUTPUT STATE VS. INPUT CONDITIONS Input Condition CxPOL CxOUT CxVIN- > CxVIN+ 0 0 CxVIN- < CxVIN+ 0 1 CxVIN- > CxVIN+ 1 1 CxVIN- < CxVIN+ 1 0  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 227 PIC18F/LF1XK50 18.4 Comparator Interrupt Operation The comparator interrupt flag can be set whenever there is a change in the output value of the comparator. Changes are recognized by means of a mismatch circuit which consists of two latches and an exclusiveor gate (see Figure 18-2 and Figure 18-3). One latch is updated with the comparator output level when the CMxCON0 register is read. This latch retains the value until the next read of the CMxCON0 register or the occurrence of a Reset. The other latch of the mismatch circuit is updated on every Q1 system clock. A mismatch condition will occur when a comparator output change is clocked through the second latch on the Q1 clock cycle. At this point the two mismatch latches have opposite output levels which is detected by the exclusive-or gate and fed to the interrupt circuitry. The mismatch condition persists until either the CMxCON0 register is read or the comparator output returns to the previous state. The comparator interrupt is set by the mismatch edge and not the mismatch level. This means that the interrupt flag can be reset without the additional step of reading or writing the CMxCON0 register to clear the mismatch registers. When the mismatch registers are cleared, an interrupt will occur upon the comparator’s return to the previous state, otherwise no interrupt will be generated. Software will need to maintain information about the status of the comparator output, as read from the CMxCON0 register, or CM2CON1 register, to determine the actual change that has occurred. See Figures 18-4 and 18-5. The CxIF bit of the PIR2 register is the comparator interrupt flag. This bit must be reset by software by clearing it to ‘0’. Since it is also possible to write a ‘1’ to this register, an interrupt can be generated. In mid-range Compatibility mode the CxIE bit of the PIE2 register and the PEIE and GIE bits of the INTCON register must all be set to enable comparator interrupts. If any of these bits are cleared, the interrupt is not enabled, although the CxIF bit of the PIR2 register will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs. 18.4.1 PRESETTING THE MISMATCH LATCHES The comparator mismatch latches can be preset to the desired state before the comparators are enabled. When the comparator is off the CxPOL bit controls the CxOUT level. Set the CxPOL bit to the desired CxOUT non-interrupt level while the CxON bit is cleared. Then, configure the desired CxPOL level in the same instruction that the CxON bit is set. Since all register writes are performed as a Read-Modify-Write, the mismatch latches will be cleared during the instruction Read phase and the actual configuration of the CxON and CxPOL bits will be occur in the final Write phase. FIGURE 18-4: COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING W/O CMxCON0 READ FIGURE 18-5: COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING WITH CMxCON0 READ Note 1: A write operation to the CMxCON0 register will also clear the mismatch condition because all writes include a read operation at the beginning of the write cycle. 2: Comparator interrupts will operate correctly regardless of the state of CxOE. Note 1: If a change in the CMxCON0 register (CxOUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CxIF interrupt flag of the PIR2 register may not get set. 2: When either comparator is first enabled, bias circuitry in the Comparator module may cause an invalid output from the comparator until the bias circuitry is stable. Allow about 1 s for bias settling then clear the mismatch condition and interrupt flags before enabling comparator interrupts. Q1 Q3 CxIN+ CxOUT Set CxIF (edge) CxIF TRT Reset by Software Q1 Q3 CxIN+ CxOUT Set CxIF (edge) CxIF TRT Cleared by CMxCON0 Read Reset by Software PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 228 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 18.5 Operation During Sleep The comparator, if enabled before entering Sleep mode, remains active during Sleep. The additional current consumed by the comparator is shown separately in the Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. If the comparator is not used to wake the device, power consumption can be minimized while in Sleep mode by turning off the comparator. Each comparator is turned off by clearing the CxON bit of the CMxCON0 register. A change to the comparator output can wake-up the device from Sleep. To enable the comparator to wake the device from Sleep, the CxIE bit of the PIE2 register and the PEIE bit of the INTCON register must be set. The instruction following the SLEEP instruction always executes following a wake from Sleep. If the GIE bit of the INTCON register is also set, the device will then execute the Interrupt Service Routine. 18.6 Effects of a Reset A device Reset forces the CMxCON0 and CM2CON1 registers to their Reset states. This forces both comparators and the voltage references to their Off states.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 229 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 18-1: CM1CON0: COMPARATOR 1 CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 C1ON C1OUT C1OE C1POL C1SP C1R C1CH1 C1CH0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 C1ON: Comparator C1 Enable bit 1 = Comparator C1 is enabled 0 = Comparator C1 is disabled bit 6 C1OUT: Comparator C1 Output bit If C1POL = 1 (inverted polarity): C1OUT = 0 when C1VIN+ > C1VINC1OUT = 1 when C1VIN+ < C1VINIf C1POL = 0 (non-inverted polarity): C1OUT = 1 when C1VIN+ > C1VINC1OUT = 0 when C1VIN+ < C1VINbit 5 C1OE: Comparator C1 Output Enable bit If C2OE = 0 (C2 output disable) 0 = C1OUT is internal only 1 = C1OUT is present on the C12OUT pin(1) If C2OE = 1 (C2 output enable) 0 = C1OUT is internal only 1 = C2OUT is present on the C12OUT pin(1) bit 4 C1POL: Comparator C1 Output Polarity Select bit 1 = C1OUT logic is inverted 0 = C1OUT logic is not inverted bit 3 C1SP: Comparator C1 Speed/Power Select bit 1 = C1 operates in normal power, higher speed mode 0 = C1 operates in low-power, low-speed mode bit 2 C1R: Comparator C1 Reference Select bit (non-inverting input) 1 = C1VIN+ connects to C1VREF output 0 = C1VIN+ connects to C12IN+ pin bit 1-0 C1CH<1:0>: Comparator C1 Channel Select bit 00 = C1VIN- connects to AGND 01 = C12IN1- pin of C1 connects to C1VIN- 10 = C12IN2- pin of C1 connects to C1VIN- 11 = C12IN3- pin of C1 connects to C1VINNote 1: Comparator output requires the following three conditions: C1OE = 1, C1ON = 1 and corresponding port TRIS bit = 0. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 230 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 18-2: CM2CON0: COMPARATOR 2 CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 C2ON C2OUT C2OE C2POL C2SP C2R C2CH1 C2CH0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 C2ON: Comparator C2 Enable bit 1 = Comparator C2 is enabled 0 = Comparator C2 is disabled bit 6 C2OUT: Comparator C2 Output bit If C2POL = 1 (inverted polarity): C2OUT = 0 when C2VIN+ > C2VINC2OUT = 1 when C2VIN+ < C2VINIf C2POL = 0 (non-inverted polarity): C2OUT = 1 when C2VIN+ > C2VINC2OUT = 0 when C2VIN+ < C2VINbit 5 C2OE: Comparator C2 Output Enable bit 1 = C2OUT is present on C12OUT pin(1) 0 = C2OUT is internal only bit 4 C2POL: Comparator C2 Output Polarity Select bit 1 = C2OUT logic is inverted 0 = C2OUT logic is not inverted bit 3 C2SP: Comparator C2 Speed/Power Select bit 1 = C2 operates in normal power, higher speed mode 0 = C2 operates in low-power, low-speed mode bit 2 C2R: Comparator C2 Reference Select bits (non-inverting input) 1 = C2VIN+ connects to C2VREF 0 = C2VIN+ connects to C2IN+ pin bit 1-0 C2CH<1:0>: Comparator C2 Channel Select bits 00 = C1VIN- connects to AGND 01 = C12IN1- pin of C2 connects to C2VIN- 10 = C12IN2- pin of C2 connects to C2VIN- 11 = C12IN3- pin of C2 connects to C2VINNote 1: Comparator output requires the following three conditions: C2OE = 1, C2ON = 1 and corresponding port TRIS bit = 0.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 231 PIC18F/LF1XK50 18.7 Analog Input Connection Considerations A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure 18-6. Since the analog input pins share their connection with a digital input, they have reverse biased ESD protection diodes to VDD and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latch-up may occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is recommended for the analog sources. Also, any external component connected to an analog input pin, such as a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little leakage current to minimize inaccuracies introduced. FIGURE 18-6: ANALOG INPUT MODEL Note 1: When reading a PORT register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a ‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert as an analog input, according to the input specification. 2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a digital input, may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified. VA Rs < 10K CPIN 5 pF VDD VT  0.6V VT  0.6V RIC ILEAKAGE(1) Vss AIN Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions RIC = Interconnect Resistance RS = Source Impedance VA = Analog Voltage VT = Threshold Voltage Note 1: See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 232 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 18.8 Additional Comparator Features There are four additional comparator features: • Simultaneous read of comparator outputs • Internal reference selection • Hysteresis selection • Output Synchronization 18.8.1 SIMULTANEOUS COMPARATOR OUTPUT READ The MC1OUT and MC2OUT bits of the CM2CON1 register are mirror copies of both comparator outputs. The ability to read both outputs simultaneously from a single register eliminates the timing skew of reading separate registers. 18.8.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SELECTION There are two internal voltage references available to the non-inverting input of each comparator. One of these is the Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR) and the other is the variable Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF). The CxRSEL bit of the CM2CON register determines which of these references is routed to the Comparator Voltage reference output (CXVREF). Further routing to the comparator is accomplished by the CxR bit of the CMxCON0 register. See Section 21.1 “Voltage Reference” and Figure 18-2 and Figure 18-3 for more detail. 18.8.3 COMPARATOR HYSTERESIS The Comparator Cx have selectable hysteresis. The hysteresis can be enable by setting the CxHYS bit of the CM2CON1 register. See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for more details. 18.8.4 SYNCHRONIZING COMPARATOR OUTPUT TO TIMER 1 The Comparator Cx output can be synchronized with Timer1 by setting the CxSYNC bit of the CM2CON1 register. When enabled, the Cx output is latched on the rising edge of the Timer1 source clock. If a prescaler is used with Timer1, the comparator output is latched after the prescaling function. To prevent a race condition, the comparator output is latched on the rising edge of the Timer1 clock source and Timer1 increments on the rising edge of its clock source. See the Comparator Block Diagram (Figure 18-2 and Figure 18-3) and the Timer1 Block Diagram (Figure 18-2) for more information. Note 1: Obtaining the status of C1OUT or C2OUT by reading CM2CON1 does not affect the comparator interrupt mismatch registers.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 233 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 18-3: CM2CON1: COMPARATOR 2 CONTROL REGISTER 1 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 MC1OUT MC2OUT C1RSEL C2RSEL C1HYS C2HYS C1SYNC C2SYNC bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 MC1OUT: Mirror Copy of C1OUT bit bit 6 MC2OUT: Mirror Copy of C2OUT bit bit 5 C1RSEL: Comparator C1 Reference Select bit 1 = FVR routed to C1VREF input 0 = CVREF routed to C1VREF input bit 4 C2RSEL: Comparator C2 Reference Select bit 1 = FVR routed to C2VREF input 0 = CVREF routed to C2VREF input bit 3 C1HYS: Comparator C1 Hysteresis Enable bit 1 = Comparator C1 hysteresis enabled 0 = Comparator C1 hysteresis disabled bit 2 C2HYS: Comparator C2 Hysteresis Enable bit 1 = Comparator C2 hysteresis enabled 0 = Comparator C2 hysteresis disabled bit 1 C1SYNC: C1 Output Synchronous Mode bit 1 = C1 output is synchronous to rising edge to TMR1 clock 0 = C1 output is asynchronous bit 0 C2SYNC: C2 Output Synchronous Mode bit 1 = C2 output is synchronous to rising edge to TMR1 clock 0 = C2 output is asynchronous PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 234 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 18-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page CM1CON0 C1ON C1OUT C1OE C1POL C1SP C1R C1CH1 C1CH0 288 CM2CON0 C2ON C2OUT C2OE C2POL C2SP C2R C2CH1 C2CH0 288 CM2CON1 MC1OUT MC2OUT C1RSEL C2RSEL C1HYS C2HYS C1SYNC C2SYNC 288 REFCON0 FVR1EN FVR1ST FVR1S1 FVR1S0 — — — — 287 REFCON1 D1EN D1LPS DAC1OE --- D1PSS1 D1PSS0 — D1NSS 287 INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 285 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCLIF USBIF TMR3IF — 288 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCLIE USBIE TMR3IE — 288 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCLIP USBIP TMR3IP — 288 PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 288 LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 288 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 ANSEL ANS7 ANS6 ANS5 ANS4 ANS3 — — — 288 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are unused by the comparator module.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 235 PIC18F/LF1XK50 19.0 POWER-MANAGED MODES PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices offer a total of seven operating modes for more efficient power management. These modes provide a variety of options for selective power conservation in applications where resources may be limited (i.e., battery-powered devices). There are three categories of power-managed modes: • Run modes • Idle modes • Sleep mode These categories define which portions of the device are clocked and sometimes, what speed. The Run and Idle modes may use any of the three available clock sources (primary, secondary or internal oscillator block); the Sleep mode does not use a clock source. The power-managed modes include several powersaving features offered on previous PIC® microcontroller devices. One is the clock switching feature which allows the controller to use the Timer1 oscillator in place of the primary oscillator. Also included is the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC® microcontroller devices, where all device clocks are stopped. 19.1 Selecting Power-Managed Modes Selecting a power-managed mode requires two decisions: • Whether or not the CPU is to be clocked • The selection of a clock source The IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register controls CPU clocking, while the SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register select the clock source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock sources and affected modules are summarized in Table 19-1. 19.1.1 CLOCK SOURCES The SCS<1:0> bits allow the selection of one of three clock sources for power-managed modes. They are: • the primary clock, as defined by the FOSC<3:0> Configuration bits • the secondary clock (the Timer1 oscillator) • the internal oscillator block 19.1.2 ENTERING POWER-MANAGED MODES Switching from one power-managed mode to another begins by loading the OSCCON register. The SCS<1:0> bits select the clock source and determine which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock source, assuming that it is running. The switch may also be subject to clock transition delays. Refer to Section 2.8 “Clock Switching” for more information. Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes is triggered by the execution of a SLEEP instruction. The actual mode that results depends on the status of the IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register. Depending on the current mode and the mode being switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does not always require setting all of these bits. Many transitions may be done by changing the oscillator select bits, or changing the IDLEN bit, prior to issuing a SLEEP instruction. If the IDLEN bit is already configured correctly, it may only be necessary to perform a SLEEP instruction to switch to the desired mode. TABLE 19-1: POWER-MANAGED MODES Mode OSCCON Bits Module Clocking Available Clock and Oscillator Source IDLEN(1) SCS<1:0> CPU Peripherals Sleep 0 N/A Off Off None – All clocks are disabled PRI_RUN N/A 00 Clocked Clocked Primary – LP, XT, HS, RC, EC and Internal Oscillator Block(2). This is the normal full power execution mode. SEC_RUN N/A 01 Clocked Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator RC_RUN N/A 1x Clocked Clocked Internal Oscillator Block(2) PRI_IDLE 1 00 Off Clocked Primary – LP, XT, HS, HSPLL, RC, EC SEC_IDLE 1 01 Off Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator RC_IDLE 1 1x Off Clocked Internal Oscillator Block(2) Note 1: IDLEN reflects its value when the SLEEP instruction is executed. 2: Includes HFINTOSC and HFINTOSC postscaler, as well as the LFINTOSC source. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 236 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 19.1.3 MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS OF THE SLEEP COMMAND The power-managed mode that is invoked with the SLEEP instruction is determined by the setting of the IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register at the time the instruction is executed. All clocks stop and minimum power is consumed when SLEEP is executed with the IDLEN bit cleared. The system clock continues to supply a clock to the peripherals but is disconnected from the CPU when SLEEP is executed with the IDLEN bit set. 19.2 Run Modes In the Run modes, clocks to both the core and peripherals are active. The difference between these modes is the clock source. 19.2.1 PRI_RUN MODE The PRI_RUN mode is the normal, full power execution mode of the microcontroller. This is also the default mode upon a device Reset, unless Two-Speed Start-up is enabled (see Section 2.12 “Two-Speed Start-up Mode” for details). In this mode, the device operated off the oscillator defined by the FOSC bits of the CONFIGH Configuration register. 19.2.2 SEC_RUN MODE In SEC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are clocked from the secondary external oscillator. This gives users the option of lower power consumption while still using a high accuracy clock source. SEC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS<1:0> bits of the OSCCON register to ‘01’. When SEC_RUN mode is active all of the following are true: • The main clock source is switched to the secondary external oscillator • Primary external oscillator is shut down • T1RUN bit of the T1CON register is set • OSTS bit is cleared. 19.2.3 RC_RUN MODE In RC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are clocked from the internal oscillator. In this mode, the primary external oscillator is shut down. RC_RUN mode provides the best power conservation of all the Run modes when the LFINTOSC is the system clock. RC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS1 bit. When the clock source is switched from the primary oscillator to the internal oscillator, the primary oscillator is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared. The IRCF bits may be modified at any time to immediately change the clock speed. Note: The secondary external oscillator should already be running prior to entering SEC_RUN mode. If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the SCS<1:0> bits are set to ‘01’, entry to SEC_RUN mode will not occur until T1OSCEN bit is set and secondary external oscillator is ready.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 237 PIC18F/LF1XK50 19.3 Sleep Mode The Power-Managed Sleep mode in the PIC18F/ LF1XK50 devices is identical to the legacy Sleep mode offered in all other PIC® microcontroller devices. It is entered by clearing the IDLEN bit of the OSCCON register and executing the SLEEP instruction. This shuts down the selected oscillator (Figure 19-1) and all clock source status bits are cleared. Entering the Sleep mode from either Run or Idle mode does not require a clock switch. This is because no clocks are needed once the controller has entered Sleep. If the WDT is selected, the LFINTOSC source will continue to operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also continue to run. When a wake event occurs in Sleep mode (by interrupt, Reset or WDT time-out), the device will not be clocked until the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits becomes ready (see Figure 19-2), or it will be clocked from the internal oscillator block if either the Two-Speed Start-up or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor are enabled (see Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”). In either case, the OSTS bit is set when the primary clock is providing the device clocks. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. 19.4 Idle Modes The Idle modes allow the controller’s CPU to be selectively shut down while the peripherals continue to operate. Selecting a particular Idle mode allows users to further manage power consumption. If the IDLEN bit is set to a ‘1’ when a SLEEP instruction is executed, the peripherals will be clocked from the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits; however, the CPU will not be clocked. The clock source status bits are not affected. Setting IDLEN and executing a SLEEP instruction provides a quick method of switching from a given Run mode to its corresponding Idle mode. If the WDT is selected, the LFINTOSC source will continue to operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also continue to run. Since the CPU is not executing instructions, the only exits from any of the Idle modes are by interrupt, WDT time-out, or a Reset. When a wake event occurs, CPU execution is delayed by an interval of TCSD while it becomes ready to execute code. When the CPU begins executing code, it resumes with the same clock source for the current Idle mode. For example, when waking from RC_IDLE mode, the internal oscillator block will clock the CPU and peripherals (in other words, RC_RUN mode). The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. While in any Idle mode or the Sleep mode, a WDT time-out will result in a WDT wake-up to the Run mode currently specified by the SCS<1:0> bits. FIGURE 19-1: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SLEEP MODE FIGURE 19-2: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM SLEEP (HSPLL) Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 Peripheral Sleep Program Q1 Q1 Counter Clock CPU Clock PC PC + 2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 OSC1 Peripheral Program PC PLL Clock Q3 Q4 Output CPU Clock Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Clock Counter PC + 4 PC + 6 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Wake Event Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale. TOST(1) TPLL(1) OSTS bit set PC + 2 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 238 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 19.4.1 PRI_IDLE MODE This mode is unique among the three low-power Idle modes, in that it does not disable the primary device clock. For timing sensitive applications, this allows for the fastest resumption of device operation with its more accurate primary clock source, since the clock source does not have to “warm-up” or transition from another oscillator. PRI_IDLE mode is entered from PRI_RUN mode by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN first, then clear the SCS bits and execute SLEEP. Although the CPU is disabled, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the primary clock source specified by the FOSC<3:0> Configuration bits. The OSTS bit remains set (see Figure 19-3). When a wake event occurs, the CPU is clocked from the primary clock source. A delay of interval TCSD is required between the wake event and when code execution starts. This is required to allow the CPU to become ready to execute instructions. After the wakeup, the OSTS bit remains set. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up (see Figure 19-4). 19.4.2 SEC_IDLE MODE In SEC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the peripherals continue to be clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. This mode is entered from SEC_RUN by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, set the IDLEN bit first, then set the SCS<1:0> bits to ‘01’ and execute SLEEP. When the clock source is switched to the Timer1 oscillator, the primary oscillator is shut down, the OSTS bit is cleared and the T1RUN bit is set. When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. After an interval of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins executing code being clocked by the Timer1 oscillator. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up; the Timer1 oscillator continues to run (see Figure 19- 4). FIGURE 19-3: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO IDLE MODE FIGURE 19-4: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM IDLE TO RUN MODE Note: The Timer1 oscillator should already be running prior to entering SEC_IDLE mode. If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the SLEEP instruction is executed, the main system clock will continue to operate in the previously selected mode and the corresponding IDLE mode will be entered (i.e., PRI_IDLE or RC_IDLE). Q1 Peripheral Program PC PC + 2 OSC1 Q3 Q4 Q1 CPU Clock Clock Counter Q2 OSC1 Peripheral Program PC CPU Clock Q1 Q3 Q4 Clock Counter Q2 Wake Event TCSD  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 239 PIC18F/LF1XK50 19.4.3 RC_IDLE MODE In RC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the peripherals continue to be clocked from the internal oscillator block from the HFINTOSC multiplexer output. This mode allows for controllable power conservation during Idle periods. From RC_RUN, this mode is entered by setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the device is in another Run mode, first set IDLEN, then set the SCS1 bit and execute SLEEP. It is recommended that SCS0 also be cleared, although its value is ignored, to maintain software compatibility with future devices. The HFINTOSC multiplexer may be used to select a higher clock frequency by modifying the IRCF bits before executing the SLEEP instruction. When the clock source is switched to the HFINTOSC multiplexer, the primary oscillator is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared. If the IRCF bits are set to any non-zero value, or the INTSRC bit is set, the HFINTOSC output is enabled. The IOSF bit becomes set, after the HFINTOSC output becomes stable, after an interval of TIOBST. Clocks to the peripherals continue while the HFINTOSC source stabilizes. If the IRCF bits were previously at a nonzero value, or INTSRC was set before the SLEEP instruction was executed and the HFINTOSC source was already stable, the IOSF bit will remain set. If the IRCF bits and INTSRC are all clear, the HFINTOSC output will not be enabled, the IOSF bit will remain clear and there will be no indication of the current clock source. When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to be clocked from the HFINTOSC multiplexer output. After a delay of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins executing code being clocked by the HFINTOSC multiplexer. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The LFINTOSC source will continue to run if either the WDT or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled. 19.5 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes An exit from Sleep mode or any of the Idle modes is triggered by any one of the following: • an interrupt • a Reset • a Watchdog Time-out This section discusses the triggers that cause exits from power-managed modes. The clocking subsystem actions are discussed in each of the power-managed modes (see Section 19.2 “Run Modes”, Section 19.3 “Sleep Mode” and Section 19.4 “Idle Modes”). 19.5.1 EXIT BY INTERRUPT Any of the available interrupt sources can cause the device to exit from an Idle mode or the Sleep mode to a Run mode. To enable this functionality, an interrupt source must be enabled by setting its enable bit in one of the INTCON or PIE registers. The PEIE bIt must also be set If the desired interrupt enable bit is in a PIE register. The exit sequence is initiated when the corresponding interrupt flag bit is set. The instruction immediately following the SLEEP instruction is executed on all exits by interrupt from Idle or Sleep modes. Code execution then branches to the interrupt vector if the GIE/GIEH bit of the INTCON register is set, otherwise code execution continues without branching (see Section 7.0 “Interrupts”). A fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event is required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes. This delay is required for the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this delay. 19.5.2 EXIT BY WDT TIME-OUT A WDT time-out will cause different actions depending on which power-managed mode the device is in when the time-out occurs. If the device is not executing code (all Idle modes and Sleep mode), the time-out will result in an exit from the power-managed mode (see Section 19.2 “Run Modes” and Section 19.3 “Sleep Mode”). If the device is executing code (all Run modes), the time-out will result in a WDT Reset (see Section 24.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)”). The WDT timer and postscaler are cleared by any one of the following: • executing a SLEEP instruction • executing a CLRWDT instruction • the loss of the currently selected clock source when the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled • modifying the IRCF bits in the OSCCON register when the internal oscillator block is the device clock source PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 240 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 19.5.3 EXIT BY RESET Exiting Sleep and Idle modes by Reset causes code execution to restart at address 0. See Section 23.0 “Reset” for more details. The exit delay time from Reset to the start of code execution depends on both the clock sources before and after the wake-up and the type of oscillator. Exit delays are summarized in Table 19-2. 19.5.4 EXIT WITHOUT AN OSCILLATOR START-UP DELAY Certain exits from power-managed modes do not invoke the OST at all. There are two cases: • PRI_IDLE mode, where the primary clock source is not stopped and • the primary clock source is not any of the LP, XT, HS or HSPLL modes. In these instances, the primary clock source either does not require an oscillator start-up delay since it is already running (PRI_IDLE), or normally does not require an oscillator start-up delay (RC, EC, INTOSC, and INTOSCIO modes). However, a fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event is still required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes to allow the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this delay. TABLE 19-2: EXIT DELAY ON WAKE-UP BY RESET FROM SLEEP MODE OR ANY IDLE MODE (BY CLOCK SOURCES) Clock Source before Wake-up Clock Source after Wake-up Exit Delay Clock Ready Status Bit (OSCCON) Primary Device Clock (PRI_IDLE mode) LP, XT, HS TCSD HSPLL (1) OSTS EC, RC HFINTOSC(2) IOSF T1OSC or LFINTOSC(1) LP, XT, HS TOST(3) HSPLL TOST + tPLL OSTS (3) EC, RC TCSD(1) HFINTOSC(1) TIOBST(4) IOSF HFINTOSC(2) LP, XT, HS TOST(4) HSPLL TOST + tPLL OSTS (3) EC, RC TCSD(1) HFINTOSC(1) None IOSF None (Sleep mode) LP, XT, HS TOST(3) HSPLL TOST + tPLL OSTS (3) EC, RC TCSD(1) HFINTOSC(1) TIOBST(4) IOSF Note 1: TCSD is a required delay when waking from Sleep and all Idle modes and runs concurrently with any other required delays (see Section 19.4 “Idle Modes”). On Reset, HFINTOSC defaults to 1 MHz. 2: Includes both the HFINTOSC 16 MHz source and postscaler derived frequencies. 3: TOST is the Oscillator Start-up Timer. tPLL is the PLL Lock-out Timer (parameter F12). 4: Execution continues during the HFINTOSC stabilization period, TIOBST.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 241 PIC18F/LF1XK50 20.0 SR LATCH The module consists of a single SR Latch with multiple Set and Reset inputs as well as selectable latch output. The SR Latch module includes the following features: • Programmable input selection • SR Latch output is available internally/externally • Selectable Q and Q output • Firmware Set and Reset 20.1 Latch Operation The latch is a Set-Reset latch that does not depend on a clock source. Each of the Set and Reset inputs are active-high. The latch can be Set or Reset by CxOUT, INT1 pin, or variable clock. Additionally the SRPS and the SRPR bits of the SRCON0 register may be used to Set or Reset the SR Latch, respectively. The latch is reset-dominant, therefore, if both Set and Reset inputs are high the latch will go to the Reset state. Both the SRPS and SRPR bits are self resetting which means that a single write to either of the bits is all that is necessary to complete a latch Set or Reset operation. 20.2 Latch Output The SRQEN and SRNQEN bits of the SRCON0 register control the latch output selection. Only one of the SR latch’s outputs may be directly output to an I/O pin at a time. Priority is determined by the state of bits SRQEN and SRNQEN in registers SRCON0. TABLE 20-1: SR LATCH OUTPUT CONTROL The applicable TRIS bit of the corresponding port must be cleared to enable the port pin output driver. 20.3 Effects of a Reset Upon any device Reset, the SR latch is not initialized. The user’s firmware is responsible to initialize the latch output before enabling it to the output pins. FIGURE 20-1: SR LATCH SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM SRLEN SRQEN SRNQEN SR Latch Output to Port I/O 0 X X I/O 1 0 0 I/O 1 0 1 Q 1 1 0 Q 1 1 1 Q SRPS S R Q Q Note 1: If R = 1 and S = 1 simultaneously, Q = 0, Q = 1 2: Pulse generator causes a 2 Q-state pulse width. 3: Output shown for reference only. See I/O port pin block diagram for more detail. 4: Name denotes the source of connection at the comparator output. Pulse Gen(2) SR Latch(1) SRNQEN SRQ pin(3) SRQEN SRNQEN SRSPE SRSC2E INT1 SRSCKE SRCLK SYNCC2OUT(4) SRSC1E SYNCC1OUT(4) SRPR Pulse Gen(2) SRRPE SRRC2E INT1 SRRCKE SRCLK SYNCC2OUT(4) SRRC1E SYNCC1OUT(4) SRLEN SRLEN PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 242 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 20-2: SRCLK FREQUENCY TABLE SRCLK Divider FOSC = 20 MHz FOSC = 16 MHz FOSC = 8 MHz FOSC = 4 MHz FOSC = 1 MHz 111 512 25.6 s 32 s 64 s 128 s 512 s 110 256 12.8 s 16 s 32 s 64 s 256 s 101 128 6.4 s 8 s 16 s 32 s 128 s 100 64 3.2 s 4 s 8 s 16 s 64 s 011 32 1.6 s 2 s 4 s 8 s 32 s 010 16 0.8 s 1 s 2 s 4 s 16 s 001 8 0.4 s 0.5 s 1 s 2 s 8 s 000 4 0.2 s 0.25 s 0.5 s 1 s 4 s REGISTER 20-1: SRCON0: SR LATCH CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 SRLEN SRCLK2 SRCLK1 SRCLK0 SRQEN SRNQEN SRPS SRPR bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented C = Clearable only bit -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 SRLEN: SR Latch Enable bit(1) 1 = SR latch is enabled 0 = SR latch is disabled bit 6-4 SRCLK<2:0>(1): SR Latch Clock divider bits 000 = 1/4 Peripheral cycle clock 001 = 1/8 Peripheral cycle clock 010 = 1/16 Peripheral cycle clock 011 = 1/32 Peripheral cycle clock 100 = 1/64 Peripheral cycle clock 101 = 1/128 Peripheral cycle clock 110 = 1/256 Peripheral cycle clock 111 = 1/512 Peripheral cycle clock bit 3 SRQEN: SR Latch Q Output Enable bit If SRNQEN = 0 1 = Q is present on the RC4 pin 0 = Q is internal only bit 2 SRNQEN: SR Latch Q Output Enable bit 1 = Q is present on the RC4 pin 0 = Q is internal only bit 1 SRPS: Pulse Set Input of the SR Latch 1 = Pulse input 0 = Always reads back ‘0’ bit 0 SRPR: Pulse Reset Input of the SR Latch 1 = Pulse input 0 = Always reads back ‘0’ Note 1: Changing the SRCLK bits while the SR latch is enabled may cause false triggers to the set and Reset inputs of the latch.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 243 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 20-3: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SR LATCH REGISTER 20-2: SRCON1: SR LATCH CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 SRSPE SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E SRRPE SRRCKE SRRC2E SRRC1E bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented C = Clearable only bit -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 SRSPE: SR Latch Peripheral Set Enable bit 1 = INT1 pin status sets SR Latch 0 = INT1pin status has no effect on SR Latch bit 6 SRSCKE: SR Latch Set Clock Enable bit 1 = Set input of SR latch is pulsed with SRCLK 0 = Set input of SR latch is not pulsed with SRCLK bit 5 SRSC2E: SR Latch C2 Set Enable bit 1 = C2 Comparator output sets SR Latch 0 = C2 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch bit 4 SRSC1E: SR Latch C1 Set Enable bit 1 = C1 Comparator output sets SR Latch 0 = C1 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch bit 3 SRRPE: SR Latch Peripheral Reset Enable bit 1 = INT1 pin resets SR Latch 0 = INT1 pin has no effect on SR Latch bit 2 SRRCKE: SR Latch Reset Clock Enable bit 1 = Reset input of SR latch is pulsed with SRCLK 0 = Reset input of SR latch is not pulsed with SRCLK bit 1 SRRC2E: SR Latch C2 Reset Enable bit 1 = C2 Comparator output resets SR Latch 0 = C2 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch bit 0 SRRC1E: SR Latch C1 Reset Enable bit 1 = C1 Comparator output resets SR Latch 0 = C1 Comparator output has no effect on SR Latch Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page SRCON0 SRLEN SRCLK2 SRCLK1 SRCLK0 SRQEN SRNQEN SRPS SRPR 288 SRCON1 SRSPE SRSCKE SRSC2E SRSC1E SRRPE SRRCKE SRRC2E SRRC1E 288 CM2CON1 MC1OUT MC2OUT C1RSEL C2RSEL C1HYS C2HYS C1SYNC C2SYNC 288 INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP — INT2IE INT1IE — INT2IF INT1IF 285 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 Legend: Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 244 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 245 PIC18F/LF1XK50 21.0 VOLTAGE REFERENCES There are two independent voltage references available: • Programmable Voltage Reference • 1.024V Fixed Voltage Reference 21.1 Voltage Reference The Voltage Reference module provides an internally generated voltage reference for the comparators and the DAC module. The following features are available: • Independent from Comparator operation • Single 32-level voltage ranges • Output clamped to VSS • Ratiometric with VDD • 1.024V Fixed Reference Voltage (FVR) The REFCON1 register (Register 21-2) controls the Voltage Reference module shown in Figure 21-1. 21.1.1 INDEPENDENT OPERATION The voltage reference is independent of the comparator configuration. Setting the D1EN bit of the REFCON1 register will enable the voltage reference by allowing current to flow in the VREF voltage divider. When the D1EN bit is cleared, current flow in the VREF voltage divider is disabled minimizing the power drain of the voltage reference peripheral. 21.1.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION The VREF voltage reference has 32 voltage level ranges. The 32 levels are set with the DAC1R<4:0> bits of the REFCON2 register. The VREF output voltage is determined by the following equations: EQUATION 21-1: VREF OUTPUT VOLTAGE 21.1.3 OUTPUT RATIOMETRIC TO VDD The comparator voltage reference is VDD derived and therefore, the VREF output changes with fluctuations in VDD. The tested absolute accuracy of the Comparator Voltage Reference can be found in Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications”. 21.1.4 VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT The VREF voltage reference can be output to the device CVREF pin by setting the DAC1OE bit of the REFCON1 register to ‘1’. Selecting the reference voltage for output on the VREF pin automatically overrides the digital output buffer and digital input threshold detector functions of that pin. Reading the CVREF pin when it has been configured for reference voltage output will always return a ‘0’. Due to the limited current drive capability, a buffer must be used on the voltage reference output for external connections to CVREF. Figure 21-2 shows an example buffering technique. 21.1.5 OPERATION DURING SLEEP When the device wakes up from Sleep through an interrupt or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of the RECON1 register are not affected. To minimize current consumption in Sleep mode, the voltage reference should be disabled. 21.1.6 EFFECTS OF A RESET A device Reset affects the following: • Voltage reference is disabled • Fixed voltage reference is disabled • VREF is removed from the CVREF pin • The DAC1R<4:0> range select bits are cleared VOUT VSOURCE – VSOURCE  x DAC1R[4:0] 25 -------------------------------- + VSOURCE       = - IF D1EN = 1 IF D1EN = 0 & D1LPS = 1 & DAC1R[4:0] = 11111: VOUT = VSOURCE+ IF D1EN = 0 & D1LPS = 1 & DAC1R[4:0] = 00000: VOUT = VSOURCE- + - PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 246 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 21.2 FVR Reference Module The FVR reference is a stable fixed voltage reference, independent of VDD, with a nominal output voltage of 1.024V. This reference can be enabled by setting the FVR1EN bit of the REFCON0 register to ‘1’. The FVR voltage reference can be routed to the comparators or an ADC input channel. 21.2.1 FVR STABILIZATION PERIOD When the Fixed Voltage Reference module is enabled, it will require some time for the reference and its amplifier circuits to stabilize. The user program must include a small delay routine to allow the module to settle. The FVR1ST stable bit of the REFCON0 register also indicates that the FVR reference has been operating long enough to be stable. See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for the minimum delay requirement. FIGURE 21-1: VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM 16-to-1 MUX DAC1R<4:0> R VDD VREF+ D1PSS<1:0> = 00 D1NSS = 0 VREF- D1NSS = 1 R R R R R R 32 Steps VREF FVR1 D1PSS<1:0> = 01 D1PSS<1:0> = 10 CVREF pin DAC1OE FVR1S<1:0> X1 X2 X4 2 FVR + _ FVR1EN FVR1ST 1.024V Fixed Reference D1EN D1LPS R D1EN D1LPS  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 247 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 21-2: VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE REGISTER 21-1: REFCON0: REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER 0 R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 FVR1EN FVR1ST FVR1S1 FVR1S0 — — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 FVR1EN: Fixed Voltage Reference 1 Enable bit 0 = FVR is disabled 1 = FVR is enabled bit 6 FVR1ST: Fixed Voltage Reference 1 Stable bit 0 = FVR is not stable 1 = FVR is stable bit 5-4 FVR1S<1:0>: Fixed Voltage Reference 1 Voltage Select bits 00 = Reserved, do not use 01 = 1.024V (x1) 10 = 2.048V (x2) 11 = 4.096V (x4) bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ Buffered CVREF Output +– CVREF Module Voltage Reference Output Impedance R(1) CVREF Note 1: R is dependent upon the voltage reference Configuration bits, CVR<3:0> and CVRR. PIC18F1XK50/ PIC18LF1XK50 PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 248 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 21-2: REFCON1: REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER 1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 D1EN D1LPS DAC1OE --- D1PSS1 D1PSS0 --- D1NSS bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 D1EN: DAC 1 Enable bit 0 = DAC 1 is disabled 1 = DAC 1 is enabled bit 6 D1LPS: DAC 1 Low-Power Voltage State Select bit 0 = VDAC = DAC1 Negative reference source selected 1 = VDAC = DAC1 Positive reference source selected bit 5 DAC1OE: DAC 1 Voltage Output Enable bit 1 = DAC 1 voltage level is also outputed on the RC2/AN6/P1D/C12IN2-/CVREF/INT2 pin 0 = DAC 1 voltage level is disconnected from RC2/AN6/P1D/C12IN2-/CVREF/INT2 pin bit 4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 3-2 D1PSS<1:0>: DAC 1 Positive Source Select bits 00 = VDD 01 = VREF+ 10 = FVR output 11 = Reserved, do not use bit 1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 0 D1NSS: DAC1 Negative Source Select bits 0 = VSS 1 = VREFREGISTER 21-3: REFCON2: REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER 2 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 --- --- --- DAC1R4 DAC1R3 DAC1R2 DAC1R1 DAC1R0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4-0 DAC1R<4:0>: DAC1 Voltage Output Select bits VOUT = ((VSOURCE+) - (VSOURCE-))*(DAC1R<4:0>/(2^5)) + VSOURCENote 1: The output select bits are always right justified to ensure that any number of bits can be used without affecting the register layout.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 249 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 21-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH VOLTAGE REFERENCE Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values on page REFCON0 FVR1EN FVR1ST FVR1S1 FVR1S0 — — — — 287 REFCON1 D1EN D1LPS DAC1OE --- D1PSS1 D1PSS0 — D1NSS 287 REFCON2 — — — DAC1R4 DAC1R3 DAC1R2 DAC1R1 DAC1R0 287 TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 288 Legend: Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 250 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 251 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.0 UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB) This section describes the details of the USB peripheral. Because of the very specific nature of the module, knowledge of USB is expected. Some high-level USB information is provided in Section 22.10 “Overview of USB” only for application design reference. Designers are encouraged to refer to the official specification published by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) for the latest information. USB Specification Revision 2.0 is the most current specification at the time of publication of this document. 22.1 Overview of the USB Peripheral PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 devices contain a full-speed and low-speed, compatible USB Serial Interface Engine (SIE) that allows fast communication between any USB host and the PIC® microcontroller. The SIE can be interfaced directly to the USB by utilizing the internal transceiver. Some special hardware features have been included to improve performance. Dual access port memory in the device’s data memory space (USB RAM) has been supplied to share direct memory access between the microcontroller core and the SIE. Buffer descriptors are also provided, allowing users to freely program endpoint memory usage within the USB RAM space. Figure 22-1 presents a general overview of the USB peripheral and its features. FIGURE 22-1: USB PERIPHERAL AND OPTIONS 256 byte USB RAM USB SIE USB Control and Transceiver P P D+ DInternal Pull-ups External 3.3V Supply FSEN UPUEN USB Clock from the Oscillator Module Optional External Pull-ups(1) (Full (Low PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 Family USB Bus FS Speed) Speed) Note 1: The internal pull-up resistors should be disabled (UPUEN = 0) if external pull-up resistors are used. 2: PIC18F13K50/PIC18F14K50 only. Configuration VUSB 3.3V LDO Regulator(2) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 252 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.2 USB Status and Control The operation of the USB module is configured and managed through three control registers. In addition, a total of 14 registers are used to manage the actual USB transactions. The registers are: • USB Control register (UCON) • USB Configuration register (UCFG) • USB Transfer Status register (USTAT) • USB Device Address register (UADDR) • Frame Number registers (UFRMH:UFRML) • Endpoint Enable registers 0 through 7 (UEPn) 22.2.1 USB CONTROL REGISTER (UCON) The USB Control register (Register 22-1) contains bits needed to control the module behavior during transfers. The register contains bits that control the following: • Main USB Peripheral Enable • Ping-Pong Buffer Pointer Reset • Control of the Suspend mode • Packet Transfer Disable In addition, the USB Control register contains a status bit, SE0 (UCON<5>), which is used to indicate the occurrence of a single-ended zero on the bus. When the USB module is enabled, this bit should be monitored to determine whether the differential data lines have come out of a single-ended zero condition. This helps to differentiate the initial power-up state from the USB Reset signal. The overall operation of the USB module is controlled by the USBEN bit (UCON<3>). Setting this bit activates the module and resets all of the PPBI bits in the Buffer Descriptor Table to ‘0’. This bit also activates the internal pull-up resistors, if they are enabled. Thus, this bit can be used as a soft attach/detach to the USB. Although all Status and control bits are ignored when this bit is clear, the module needs to be fully preconfigured prior to setting this bit. This bit cannot be set until the USB module is supplied with an active clock source. If the PLL is being used, it should be enabled at least two milliseconds (enough time for the PLL to lock) before attempting to set the USBEN bit. REGISTER 22-1: UCON: USB CONTROL REGISTER U-0 R/W-0 R-x R/C-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 — PPBRST SE0 PKTDIS USBEN(1) RESUME SUSPND — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: C = Clearable bit R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 PPBRST: Ping-Pong Buffers Reset bit 1 = Reset all Ping-Pong Buffer Pointers to the Even Buffer Descriptor (BD) banks 0 = Ping-Pong Buffer Pointers not being reset bit 5 SE0: Live Single-Ended Zero Flag bit 1 = Single-ended zero active on the USB bus 0 = No single-ended zero detected bit 4 PKTDIS: Packet Transfer Disable bit 1 = SIE token and packet processing disabled, automatically set when a SETUP token is received 0 = SIE token and packet processing enabled bit 3 USBEN: USB Module Enable bit(1) 1 = USB module and supporting circuitry enabled (device attached) 0 = USB module and supporting circuitry disabled (device detached) bit 2 RESUME: Resume Signaling Enable bit 1 = Resume signaling activated 0 = Resume signaling disabled bit 1 SUSPND: Suspend USB bit 1 = USB module and supporting circuitry in Power Conserve mode, SIE clock inactive 0 = USB module and supporting circuitry in normal operation, SIE clock clocked at the configured rate bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ Note 1: This bit cannot be set if the USB module does not have an appropriate clock source.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 253 PIC18F/LF1XK50 The PPBRST bit (UCON<6>) controls the Reset status when Double-Buffering mode (ping-pong buffering) is used. When the PPBRST bit is set, all Ping-Pong Buffer Pointers are set to the Even buffers. PPBRST has to be cleared by firmware. This bit is ignored in buffering modes not using ping-pong buffering. The PKTDIS bit (UCON<4>) is a flag indicating that the SIE has disabled packet transmission and reception. This bit is set by the SIE when a SETUP token is received to allow setup processing. This bit cannot be set by the microcontroller, only cleared; clearing it allows the SIE to continue transmission and/or reception. Any pending events within the Buffer Descriptor Table will still be available, indicated within the USTAT register’s FIFO buffer. The RESUME bit (UCON<2>) allows the peripheral to perform a remote wake-up by executing Resume signaling. To generate a valid remote wake-up, firmware must set RESUME for 10 ms and then clear the bit. For more information on “resume signaling”, see the “Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0”. The SUSPND bit (UCON<1>) places the module and supporting circuitry in a Low-Power mode. The input clock to the SIE is also disabled. This bit should be set by the software in response to an IDLEIF interrupt. It should be reset by the microcontroller firmware after an ACTVIF interrupt is observed. When this bit is active, the device remains attached to the bus but the transceiver outputs remain Idle. The voltage on the VUSB pin may vary depending on the value of this bit. Setting this bit before a IDLEIF request will result in unpredictable bus behavior. 22.2.2 USB CONFIGURATION REGISTER (UCFG) Prior to communicating over USB, the module’s associated internal and/or external hardware must be configured. Most of the configuration is performed with the UCFG register (Register 22-2).The UFCG register contains most of the bits that control the system level behavior of the USB module. These include: • Bus Speed (full speed versus low speed) • On-Chip Pull-up Resistor Enable • Ping-Pong Buffer Usage The UTEYE bit, UCFG<7>, enables eye pattern generation, which aids in module testing, debugging and USB certifications. 22.2.2.1 Internal Transceiver The USB peripheral has a built-in, USB 2.0, full-speed and low-speed capable transceiver, internally connected to the SIE. This feature is useful for low-cost, single chip applications. Enabling the USB module (USBEN = 1) will also enable the internal transceiver. The FSEN bit (UCFG<2>) controls the transceiver speed; setting the bit enables full-speed operation. The on-chip USB pull-up resistors are controlled by the UPUEN bit (UCFG<4>). They can only be selected when the on-chip transceiver is enabled. The internal USB transceiver obtains power from the VUSB pin. In order to meet USB signalling level specifications, VUSB must be supplied with a voltage source between 3.0V and 3.6V. The best electrical signal quality is obtained when a 3.3V supply is used and locally bypassed with a high quality ceramic capacitor. The capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the VUSB and VSS pins found on the same edge of the package (i.e., route ground of the capacitor to VSS pin 20 on 20-lead PDIP, SOIC, SSOP and QFN packaged parts). The D+ and D- signal lines can be routed directly to their respective pins on the USB connector or cable (for hard-wired applications). No additional resistors, capacitors, or magnetic components are required as the D+ and D- drivers have controlled slew rate and output impedance intended to match with the characteristic impedance of the USB cable. In order to meet the USB specifications, the traces should be less than 30 cm long. Ideally, these traces should be designed to have a characteristic impedance matching that of the USB cable. Note: While in Suspend mode, a typical bus-powered USB device is limited to 500 A of current. This is the complete current which may be drawn by the PIC device and its supporting circuitry. Care should be taken to assure minimum current draw when the device enters Suspend mode. Note: The USB speed, transceiver and pull-up should only be configured during the module setup phase. It is not recommended to switch these settings while the module is enabled. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 254 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 22-2: UCFG: USB CONFIGURATION REGISTER R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 UTEYE — — UPUEN(1) — FSEN(1) PPB1 PPB0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 UTEYE: USB Eye Pattern Test Enable bit 1 = Eye pattern test enabled 0 = Eye pattern test disabled bit 6-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 UPUEN: USB On-Chip Pull-up Enable bit(1) 1 = On-chip pull-up enabled (pull-up on D+ with FSEN = 1 or D- with FSEN = 0) 0 = On-chip pull-up disabled bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 2 FSEN: Full-Speed Enable bit(1) 1 = Full-speed device: controls transceiver edge rates; requires input clock at 48 MHz 0 = Low-speed device: controls transceiver edge rates; requires input clock at 6 MHz bit 1-0 PPB<1:0>: Ping-Pong Buffers Configuration bits 11 = Even/Odd ping-pong buffers enabled for Endpoints 1 to 15 10 = Even/Odd ping-pong buffers enabled for all endpoints 01 = Even/Odd ping-pong buffer enabled for OUT Endpoint 0 00 = Even/Odd ping-pong buffers disabled Note 1: The UPUEN, and FSEN bits should never be changed while the USB module is enabled. These values must be preconfigured prior to enabling the module.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 255 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.2.2.2 Internal Pull-up Resistors The PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 devices have built-in pull-up resistors designed to meet the requirements for low-speed and full-speed USB. The UPUEN bit (UCFG<4>) enables the internal pull-ups. Figure 22-1 shows the pull-ups and their control. 22.2.2.3 External Pull-up Resistors External pull-up may also be used. The VUSB pin may be used to pull up D+ or D-. The pull-up resistor must be 1.5 k (±5%) as required by the USB specifications. Figure 22-2 shows an example. FIGURE 22-2: EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY 22.2.2.4 Ping-Pong Buffer Configuration The usage of ping-pong buffers is configured using the PPB<1:0> bits. Refer to Section 22.4.4 “Ping-Pong Buffering” for a complete explanation of the ping-pong buffers. 22.2.2.5 Eye Pattern Test Enable An automatic eye pattern test can be generated by the module when the UCFG<7> bit is set. The eye pattern output will be observable based on module settings, meaning that the user is first responsible for configuring the SIE clock settings, pull-up resistor and Transceiver mode. In addition, the module has to be enabled. Once UTEYE is set, the module emulates a switch from a receive to transmit state and will start transmitting a J-K-J-K bit sequence (K-J-K-J for full speed). The sequence will be repeated indefinitely while the Eye Pattern Test mode is enabled. Note that this bit should never be set while the module is connected to an actual USB system. This Test mode is intended for board verification to aid with USB certification tests. It is intended to show a system developer the noise integrity of the USB signals which can be affected by board traces, impedance mismatches and proximity to other system components. It does not properly test the transition from a receive to a transmit state. Although the eye pattern is not meant to replace the more complex USB certification test, it should aid during first order system debugging. Note: The official USB specifications require that USB devices must never source any current onto the +5V VBUS line of the USB cable. Additionally, USB devices must never source any current on the D+ and D- data lines whenever the +5V VBUS line is less than 1.17V. In order to meet this requirement, applications which are not purely bus powered should monitor the VBUS line and avoid turning on the USB module and the D+ or D- pull-up resistor until VBUS is greater than 1.17V. VBUS can be connected to and monitored by any 5V tolerant I/O pin for this purpose. PIC® Microcontroller Host Controller/HUB VUSB D+ DNote: The above setting shows a typical connection for a full-speed configuration using an on-chip regulator and an external pull-up resistor. 1.5 k PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 256 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.2.3 USB STATUS REGISTER (USTAT) The USB Status register reports the transaction status within the SIE. When the SIE issues a USB transfer complete interrupt, USTAT should be read to determine the status of the transfer. USTAT contains the transfer endpoint number, direction and Ping-Pong Buffer Pointer value (if used). The USTAT register is actually a read window into a four-byte status FIFO, maintained by the SIE. It allows the microcontroller to process one transfer while the SIE processes additional endpoints (Figure 22-3). When the SIE completes using a buffer for reading or writing data, it updates the USTAT register. If another USB transfer is performed before a transaction complete interrupt is serviced, the SIE will store the status of the next transfer into the status FIFO. Clearing the transfer complete flag bit, TRNIF, causes the SIE to advance the FIFO. If the next data in the FIFO holding register is valid, the SIE will reassert the interrupt within 6 TCY of clearing TRNIF. If no additional data is present, TRNIF will remain clear; USTAT data will no longer be reliable. FIGURE 22-3: USTAT FIFO Note: The data in the USB Status register is valid two SIE clocks after the TRNIF interrupt flag is asserted. In low-speed operation with the system clock operating at 48 MHz, a delay may be required between receiving the TRNIF interrupt and processing the data in the USTAT register. Note: If an endpoint request is received while the USTAT FIFO is full, the SIE will automatically issue a NAK back to the host. Data Bus USTAT from SIE 4-Byte FIFO for USTAT Clearing TRNIF Advances FIFO REGISTER 22-3: USTAT: USB STATUS REGISTER U-0 U-0 R-x R-x R-x R-x R-x U-0 — — ENDP2 ENDP1 ENDP0 DIR PPBI(1) — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5-3 ENDP<2:0>: Encoded Number of Last Endpoint Activity bits (represents the number of the BDT updated by the last USB transfer) 111 = Endpoint 7 110 = Endpoint 6 .... 001 = Endpoint 1 000 = Endpoint 0 bit 2 DIR: Last BD Direction Indicator bit 1 = The last transaction was an IN token 0 = The last transaction was an OUT or SETUP token bit 1 PPBI: Ping-Pong BD Pointer Indicator bit(1) 1 = The last transaction was to the Odd BD bank 0 = The last transaction was to the Even BD bank bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ Note 1: This bit is only valid for endpoints with available Even and Odd BD registers.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 257 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.2.4 USB ENDPOINT CONTROL Each of the 8 possible bidirectional endpoints has its own independent control register, UEPn (where ‘n’ represents the endpoint number). Each register has an identical complement of control bits. The prototype is shown in Register 22-4. The EPHSHK bit (UEPn<4>) controls handshaking for the endpoint; setting this bit enables USB handshaking. Typically, this bit is always set except when using isochronous endpoints. The EPCONDIS bit (UEPn<3>) is used to enable or disable USB control operations (SETUP) through the endpoint. Clearing this bit enables SETUP transactions. Note that the corresponding EPINEN and EPOUTEN bits must be set to enable IN and OUT transactions. For Endpoint 0, this bit should always be cleared since the USB specifications identify Endpoint 0 as the default control endpoint. The EPOUTEN bit (UEPn<2>) is used to enable or disable USB OUT transactions from the host. Setting this bit enables OUT transactions. Similarly, the EPINEN bit (UEPn<1>) enables or disables USB IN transactions from the host. The EPSTALL bit (UEPn<0>) is used to indicate a STALL condition for the endpoint. If a STALL is issued on a particular endpoint, the EPSTALL bit for that endpoint pair will be set by the SIE. This bit remains set until it is cleared through firmware, or until the SIE is reset. REGISTER 22-4: UEPn: USB ENDPOINT n CONTROL REGISTER (UEP0 THROUGH UEP7) U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL(1) bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 EPHSHK: Endpoint Handshake Enable bit 1 = Endpoint handshake enabled 0 = Endpoint handshake disabled (typically used for isochronous endpoints) bit 3 EPCONDIS: Bidirectional Endpoint Control bit If EPOUTEN = 1 and EPINEN = 1: 1 = Disable Endpoint n from control transfers; only IN and OUT transfers allowed 0 = Enable Endpoint n for control (SETUP) transfers; IN and OUT transfers also allowed bit 2 EPOUTEN: Endpoint Output Enable bit 1 = Endpoint n output enabled 0 = Endpoint n output disabled bit 1 EPINEN: Endpoint Input Enable bit 1 = Endpoint n input enabled 0 = Endpoint n input disabled bit 0 EPSTALL: Endpoint STALL Enable bit(1) 1 = Endpoint n is stalled 0 = Endpoint n is not stalled Note 1: Valid only if Endpoint n is enabled; otherwise, the bit is ignored. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 258 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.2.5 USB ADDRESS REGISTER (UADDR) The USB Address register contains the unique USB address that the peripheral will decode when active. UADDR is reset to 00h when a USB Reset is received, indicated by URSTIF, or when a Reset is received from the microcontroller. The USB address must be written by the microcontroller during the USB setup phase (enumeration) as part of the Microchip USB firmware support. 22.2.6 USB FRAME NUMBER REGISTERS (UFRMH:UFRML) The Frame Number registers contain the 11-bit frame number. The low-order byte is contained in UFRML, while the three high-order bits are contained in UFRMH. The register pair is updated with the current frame number whenever a SOF token is received. For the microcontroller, these registers are read-only. The Frame Number registers are primarily used for isochronous transfers. The contents of the UFRMH and UFRML registers are only valid when the 48 MHz SIE clock is active (i.e., contents are inaccurate when SUSPND (UCON<1>) bit = 1). 22.3 USB RAM USB data moves between the microcontroller core and the SIE through a memory space known as the USB RAM. This is a special dual access memory that is mapped into the normal data memory space in Bank 2 (200h to 2FFh) for a total of 256 bytes (Figure 22-4). Bank 2 (200h through 27Fh) is used specifically for endpoint buffer control. Depending on the type of buffering being used, all but 8 bytes of Bank 2 may also be available for use as USB buffer space. Although USB RAM is available to the microcontroller as data memory, the sections that are being accessed by the SIE should not be accessed by the microcontroller. A semaphore mechanism is used to determine the access to a particular buffer at any given time. This is discussed in Section 22.4.1.1 “Buffer Ownership”. FIGURE 22-4: IMPLEMENTATION OF USB RAM IN DATA MEMORY SPACE 200h 2FFh Buffer Descriptors, USB Data or User Data SFRs 1FFh 000h F60h FFFh Banks 2 (USB RAM) F5Fh F53h F52h 300h Banks 3 to 14 User Data Unused Banks 15 USB Data or User Data 27Fh 280h Banks 0 to 1  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 259 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.4 Buffer Descriptors and the Buffer Descriptor Table The registers in Bank 2 are used specifically for endpoint buffer control in a structure known as the Buffer Descriptor Table (BDT). This provides a flexible method for users to construct and control endpoint buffers of various lengths and configuration. The BDT is composed of Buffer Descriptors (BD) which are used to define and control the actual buffers in the USB RAM space. Each BD, in turn, consists of four registers, where n represents one of the 32 possible BDs (range of 0 to 31): • BDnSTAT: BD Status register • BDnCNT: BD Byte Count register • BDnADRL: BD Address Low register • BDnADRH: BD Address High register BDs always occur as a four-byte block in the sequence, BDnSTAT:BDnCNT:BDnADRL:BDnADRH. The address of BDnSTAT is always an offset of (4n – 1) (in hexadecimal) from 200h, with n being the buffer descriptor number. Depending on the buffering configuration used (Section 22.4.4 “Ping-Pong Buffering”), there are up to 16, 17 or 32 sets of buffer descriptors. At a minimum, the BDT must be at least 8 bytes long. This is because the USB specification mandates that every device must have Endpoint 0 with both input and output for initial setup. Depending on the endpoint and buffering configuration, the BDT can be as long as 128 bytes. Although they can be thought of as Special Function Registers, the Buffer Descriptor Status and Address registers are not hardware mapped, as conventional microcontroller SFRs in Bank 15 are. If the endpoint corresponding to a particular BD is not enabled, its registers are not used. Instead of appearing as unimplemented addresses, however, they appear as available RAM. Only when an endpoint is enabled by setting the UEPn<1> bit does the memory at those addresses become functional as BD registers. As with any address in the data memory space, the BD registers have an indeterminate value on any device Reset. An example of a BD for a 64-byte buffer, starting at 280h, is shown in Figure 22-5. A particular set of BD registers is only valid if the corresponding endpoint has been enabled using the UEPn register. All BD registers are available in USB RAM. The BD for each endpoint should be set up prior to enabling the endpoint. 22.4.1 BD STATUS AND CONFIGURATION Buffer descriptors not only define the size of an endpoint buffer, but also determine its configuration and control. Most of the configuration is done with the BD Status register, BDnSTAT. Each BD has its own unique and correspondingly numbered BDnSTAT register. FIGURE 22-5: EXAMPLE OF A BUFFER DESCRIPTOR Unlike other control registers, the bit configuration for the BDnSTAT register is context sensitive. There are two distinct configurations, depending on whether the microcontroller or the USB module is modifying the BD and buffer at a particular time. Only three bit definitions are shared between the two. 22.4.1.1 Buffer Ownership Because the buffers and their BDs are shared between the CPU and the USB module, a simple semaphore mechanism is used to distinguish which is allowed to update the BD and associated buffers in memory. This is done by using the UOWN bit (BDnSTAT<7>) as a semaphore to distinguish which is allowed to update the BD and associated buffers in memory. UOWN is the only bit that is shared between the two configurations of BDnSTAT. When UOWN is clear, the BD entry is “owned” by the microcontroller core. When the UOWN bit is set, the BD entry and the buffer memory are “owned” by the USB peripheral. The core should not modify the BD or its corresponding data buffer during this time. Note that the microcontroller core can still read BDnSTAT while the SIE owns the buffer and vice versa. The buffer descriptors have a different meaning based on the source of the register update. Prior to placing ownership with the USB peripheral, the user can configure the basic operation of the peripheral through the BDnSTAT bits. During this time, the byte count and buffer location registers can also be set. When UOWN is set, the user can no longer depend on the values that were written to the BDs. From this point, the SIE updates the BDs as necessary, overwriting the original BD values. The BDnSTAT register is updated by the SIE with the token PID and the transfer count, BDnCNT, is updated. 200h USB Data Buffer Buffer BD0STAT BD0CNT BD0ADRL BD0ADRH 201h 202h 203h 280h 2BFh Descriptor Note: Memory regions not to scale. 40h 00h 05h Starting Size of Block (xxh) Address Registers Contents Address PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 260 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. The BDnSTAT byte of the BDT should always be the last byte updated when preparing to arm an endpoint. The SIE will clear the UOWN bit when a transaction has completed. No hardware mechanism exists to block access when the UOWN bit is set. Thus, unexpected behavior can occur if the microcontroller attempts to modify memory when the SIE owns it. Similarly, reading such memory may produce inaccurate data until the USB peripheral returns ownership to the microcontroller. 22.4.1.2 BDnSTAT Register (CPU Mode) When UOWN = 0, the microcontroller core owns the BD. At this point, the other seven bits of the register take on control functions. The Data Toggle Sync Enable bit, DTSEN (BDnSTAT<3>), controls data toggle parity checking. Setting DTSEN enables data toggle synchronization by the SIE. When enabled, it checks the data packet’s parity against the value of DTS (BDnSTAT<6>). If a packet arrives with an incorrect synchronization, the data will essentially be ignored. It will not be written to the USB RAM and the USB transfer complete interrupt flag will not be set. The SIE will send an ACK token back to the host to Acknowledge receipt, however. The effects of the DTSEN bit on the SIE are summarized in Table 22-1. The Buffer Stall bit, BSTALL (BDnSTAT<2>), provides support for control transfers, usually one-time stalls on Endpoint 0. It also provides support for the SET_FEATURE/CLEAR_FEATURE commands specified in Chapter 9 of the USB specification; typically, continuous STALLs to any endpoint other than the default control endpoint. The BSTALL bit enables buffer stalls. Setting BSTALL causes the SIE to return a STALL token to the host if a received token would use the BD in that location. The EPSTALL bit in the corresponding UEPn control register is set and a STALL interrupt is generated when a STALL is issued to the host. The UOWN bit remains set and the BDs are not changed unless a SETUP token is received. In this case, the STALL condition is cleared and the ownership of the BD is returned to the microcontroller core. The BD<9:8> bits (BDnSTAT<1:0>) store the two Most Significant digits of the SIE byte count; the lower 8 digits are stored in the corresponding BDnCNT register. See Section 22.4.2 “BD Byte Count” for more information. TABLE 22-1: EFFECT OF DTSEN BIT ON ODD/EVEN (DATA0/DATA1) PACKET RECEPTION OUT Packet from Host BDnSTAT Settings Device Response after Receiving Packet DTSEN DTS Handshake UOWN TRNIF BDnSTAT and USTAT Status DATA0 1 0 ACK 0 1 Updated DATA1 1 0 ACK 1 0 Not Updated DATA0 1 1 ACK 1 0 Not Updated DATA1 1 1 ACK 0 1 Updated Either 0 x ACK 0 1 Updated Either, with error x x NAK 1 0 Not Updated Legend: x = don’t care  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 261 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 22-5: BDnSTAT: BUFFER DESCRIPTOR n STATUS REGISTER (BD0STAT THROUGH BD31STAT), CPU MODE (DATA IS WRITTEN TO THE SIDE) R/W-x R/W-x U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x UOWN(1) DTS(2) —(3) —(3) DTSEN BSTALL BC9 BC8 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 UOWN: USB Own bit(1) 0 = The microcontroller core owns the BD and its corresponding buffer bit 6 DTS: Data Toggle Synchronization bit(2) 1 = Data 1 packet 0 = Data 0 packet bit 5-4 Unimplemented: These bits should always be programmed to ‘0’(3). bit 3 DTSEN: Data Toggle Synchronization Enable bit 1 = Data toggle synchronization is enabled; data packets with incorrect Sync value will be ignored except for a SETUP transaction, which is accepted even if the data toggle bits do not match 0 = No data toggle synchronization is performed bit 2 BSTALL: Buffer Stall Enable bit 1 = Buffer stall enabled; STALL handshake issued if a token is received that would use the BD in the given location (UOWN bit remains set, BD value is unchanged) 0 = Buffer stall disabled bit 1-0 BC<9:8>: Byte Count 9 and 8 bits The byte count bits represent the number of bytes that will be transmitted for an IN token or received during an OUT token. Together with BC<7:0>, the valid byte counts are 0-1023. Note 1: This bit must be initialized by the user to the desired value prior to enabling the USB module. 2: This bit is ignored unless DTSEN = 1. 3: If these bits are set, USB communication may not work. Hence, these bits should always be maintained as ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 262 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.4.1.3 BDnSTAT Register (SIE Mode) When the BD and its buffer are owned by the SIE, most of the bits in BDnSTAT take on a different meaning. The configuration is shown in Register 22-6. Once the UOWN bit is set, any data or control settings previously written there by the user will be overwritten with data from the SIE. The BDnSTAT register is updated by the SIE with the token Packet Identifier (PID) which is stored in BDnSTAT<5:3>. The transfer count in the corresponding BDnCNT register is updated. Values that overflow the 8-bit register carry over to the two Most Significant digits of the count, stored in BDnSTAT<1:0>. 22.4.2 BD BYTE COUNT The byte count represents the total number of bytes that will be transmitted during an IN transfer. After an IN transfer, the SIE will return the number of bytes sent to the host. For an OUT transfer, the byte count represents the maximum number of bytes that can be received and stored in USB RAM. After an OUT transfer, the SIE will return the actual number of bytes received. If the number of bytes received exceeds the corresponding byte count, the data packet will be rejected and a NAK handshake will be generated. When this happens, the byte count will not be updated. The 10-bit byte count is distributed over two registers. The lower 8 bits of the count reside in the BDnCNT register. The upper two bits reside in BDnSTAT<1:0>. This represents a valid byte range of 0 to 1023. 22.4.3 BD ADDRESS VALIDATION The BD Address register pair contains the starting RAM address location for the corresponding endpoint buffer. No mechanism is available in hardware to validate the BD address. If the value of the BD address does not point to an address in the USB RAM, or if it points to an address within another endpoint’s buffer, data is likely to be lost or overwritten. Similarly, overlapping a receive buffer (OUT endpoint) with a BD location in use can yield unexpected results. When developing USB applications, the user may want to consider the inclusion of software-based address validation in their code. REGISTER 22-6: BDnSTAT: BUFFER DESCRIPTOR n STATUS REGISTER (BD0STAT THROUGH BD31STAT), SIE MODE (DATA RETURNED BY THE SIDE TO THE MCU) R/W-x U-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x UOWN — PID3 PID2 PID1 PID0 BC9 BC8 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 UOWN: USB Own bit 1 = The SIE owns the BD and its corresponding buffer bit 6 Reserved: Not written by the SIE bit 5-2 PID<3:0>: Packet Identifier bits The received token PID value of the last transfer (IN, OUT or SETUP transactions only). bit 1-0 BC<9:8>: Byte Count 9 and 8 bits These bits are updated by the SIE to reflect the actual number of bytes received on an OUT transfer and the actual number of bytes transmitted on an IN transfer.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 263 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.4.4 PING-PONG BUFFERING An endpoint is defined to have a ping-pong buffer when it has two sets of BD entries: one set for an Even transfer and one set for an Odd transfer. This allows the CPU to process one BD while the SIE is processing the other BD. Double-buffering BDs in this way allows for maximum throughput to/from the USB. The USB module supports four modes of operation: • No ping-pong support • Ping-pong buffer support for OUT Endpoint 0 only • Ping-pong buffer support for all endpoints • Ping-pong buffer support for all other Endpoints except Endpoint 0 The ping-pong buffer settings are configured using the PPB<1:0> bits in the UCFG register. The USB module keeps track of the Ping-Pong Pointer individually for each endpoint. All pointers are initially reset to the Even BD when the module is enabled. After the completion of a transaction (UOWN cleared by the SIE), the pointer is toggled to the Odd BD. After the completion of the next transaction, the pointer is toggled back to the Even BD and so on. The Even/Odd status of the last transaction is stored in the PPBI bit of the USTAT register. The user can reset all Ping-Pong Pointers to Even using the PPBRST bit. Figure 22-6 shows the four different modes of operation and how USB RAM is filled with the BDs. BDs have a fixed relationship to a particular endpoint, depending on the buffering configuration. The mapping of BDs to endpoints is detailed in Table 22-2. This relationship also means that gaps may occur in the BDT if endpoints are not enabled contiguously. This theoretically means that the BDs for disabled endpoints could be used as buffer space. In practice, users should avoid using such spaces in the BDT unless a method of validating BD addresses is implemented. FIGURE 22-6: BUFFER DESCRIPTOR TABLE MAPPING FOR BUFFERING MODES EP1 IN Even EP1 OUT Even EP1 OUT Odd EP1 IN Odd Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor EP1 IN EP7 IN EP1 OUT EP0 OUT PPB<1:0> = 00 EP0 IN EP1 IN No Ping-Pong EP7 IN EP0 IN EP0 OUT Even PPB<1:0> = 01 EP0 OUT Odd EP1 OUT Ping-Pong Buffer EP7 IN Odd EP0 IN Even EP0 OUT Even PPB<1:0> = 10 EP0 OUT Odd EP0 IN Odd Ping-Pong Buffers Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor 200h 2FFh 2FFh 2FFh 200h 200h 23Fh 243h Available as Data RAM Available as Data RAM Maximum Memory Used: 64 bytes Maximum BDs: 16 (BD0 to BD15) Maximum Memory Used: 68 bytes Maximum BDs: 17 (BD0 to BD16) Maximum Memory Used: 128 bytes Maximum BDs: 32 (BD0 to BD31) Note: Memory area not shown to scale. Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Buffers on EP0 OUT on all EPs EP1 IN Even EP1 OUT Even EP1 OUT Odd EP1 IN Odd Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor EP7 IN Odd EP0 OUT PPB<1:0> = 11 EP0 IN Ping-Pong Buffers Descriptor Descriptor Descriptor 2FFh 200h Maximum Memory Used: 120 bytes Maximum BDs: 30 (BD0 to BD29) on all other EPs except EP0 Available as Data RAM 277h 27Fh PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 264 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. TABLE 22-2: ASSIGNMENT OF BUFFER DESCRIPTORS FOR THE DIFFERENT BUFFERING MODES TABLE 22-3: SUMMARY OF USB BUFFER DESCRIPTOR TABLE REGISTERS Endpoint BDs Assigned to Endpoint Mode 0 (No Ping-Pong) Mode 1 (Ping-Pong on EP0 OUT) Mode 2 (Ping-Pong on all EPs) Mode 3 (Ping-Pong on all other EPs, except EP0) Out In Out In Out In Out In 0 0 1 0 (E), 1 (O) 2 0 (E), 1 (O) 2 (E), 3 (O) 0 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 (E), 5 (O) 6 (E), 7 (O) 2 (E), 3 (O) 4 (E), 5 (O) 2 4 5 5 6 8 (E), 9 (O) 10 (E), 11 (O) 6 (E), 7 (O) 8 (E), 9 (O) 3 6 7 7 8 12 (E), 13 (O) 14 (E), 15 (O) 10 (E), 11 (O) 12 (E), 13 (O) 4 8 9 9 10 16 (E), 17 (O) 18 (E), 19 (O) 14 (E), 15 (O) 16 (E), 17 (O) 5 10 11 11 12 20 (E), 21 (O) 22 (E), 23 (O) 18 (E), 19 (O) 20 (E), 21 (O) 6 12 13 13 14 24 (E), 25 (O) 26 (E), 27 (O) 22 (E), 23 (O) 24 (E), 25 (O) 7 14 15 15 16 28 (E), 29 (O) 30 (E), 31 (O) 26 (E), 27 (O) 28 (E), 29 (O) Legend: (E) = Even transaction buffer, (O) = Odd transaction buffer Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 BDnSTAT(1) UOWN DTS(4) PID3(2) PID2(2) PID1(2) DTSEN(3) PID0(2) BSTALL(3) BC9 BC8 BDnCNT(1) Byte Count BDnADRL(1) Buffer Address Low BDnADRH(1) Buffer Address High Note 1: For buffer descriptor registers, n may have a value of 0 to 31. For the sake of brevity, all 32 registers are shown as one generic prototype. All registers have indeterminate Reset values (xxxx xxxx). 2: Bits 5 through 2 of the BDnSTAT register are used by the SIE to return PID<3:0> values once the register is turned over to the SIE (UOWN bit is set). Once the registers have been under SIE control, the values written for DTSEN and BSTALL are no longer valid. 3: Prior to turning the buffer descriptor over to the SIE (UOWN bit is cleared), bits 5 through 2 of the BDnSTAT register are used to configure the DTSEN and BSTALL settings. 4: This bit is ignored unless DTSEN = 1.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 265 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.5 USB Interrupts The USB module can generate multiple interrupt conditions. To accommodate all of these interrupt sources, the module is provided with its own interrupt logic structure, similar to that of the microcontroller. USB interrupts are enabled with one set of control registers and trapped with a separate set of flag registers. All sources are funneled into a single USB interrupt request, USBIF (PIR2<2>), in the microcontroller’s interrupt logic. Figure 22-7 shows the interrupt logic for the USB module. There are two layers of interrupt registers in the USB module. The top level consists of overall USB Status interrupts; these are enabled and flagged in the UIE and UIR registers, respectively. The second level consists of USB error conditions, which are enabled and flagged in the UEIR and UEIE registers. An interrupt condition in any of these triggers a USB Error Interrupt Flag (UERRIF) in the top level. Interrupts may be used to trap routine events in a USB transaction. Figure 22-8 shows some common events within a USB frame and their corresponding interrupts. FIGURE 22-7: USB INTERRUPT LOGIC FUNNEL FIGURE 22-8: EXAMPLE OF A USB TRANSACTION AND INTERRUPT EVENTS BTSEF BTSEE BTOEF BTOEE DFN8EF DFN8EE CRC16EF CRC16EE CRC5EF CRC5EE PIDEF PIDEE SOFIF SOFIE TRNIF TRNIE IDLEIF IDLEIE STALLIF STALLIE ACTVIF ACTVIE URSTIF URSTIE UERRIF UERRIE USBIF Second Level USB Interrupts (USB Error Conditions) UEIR (Flag) and UEIE (Enable) Registers Top Level USB Interrupts (USB Status Interrupts) UIR (Flag) and UIE (Enable) Registers USB Reset RESET SOF SETUP DATA STATUS SOF SETUPToken Data ACK Start-of-Frame (SOF) OUT Token Empty Data ACK IN Token Data ACK SOFIF URSTIF 1 ms Frame Differential Data From Host From Host To Host From Host To Host From Host From Host From Host To Host Transaction Control Transfer(1) Transaction Complete Note 1: The control transfer shown here is only an example showing events that can occur for every transaction. Typical control transfers will spread across multiple frames. Set TRNIF Set TRNIF Set TRNIF PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 266 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.5.1 USB INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (UIR) The USB Interrupt Status register (Register 22-7) contains the flag bits for each of the USB Status interrupt sources. Each of these sources has a corresponding interrupt enable bit in the UIE register. All of the USB status flags are ORed together to generate the USBIF interrupt flag for the microcontroller’s interrupt funnel. Once an interrupt bit has been set by the SIE, it must be cleared by software by writing a ‘0’. The flag bits can also be set in software which can aid in firmware debugging. REGISTER 22-7: UIR: USB INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 — SOFIF STALLIF IDLEIF(1) TRNIF(2) ACTVIF(3) UERRIF(4) URSTIF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 SOFIF: Start-of-Frame Token Interrupt bit 1 = A Start-of-Frame token received by the SIE 0 = No Start-of-Frame token received by the SIE bit 5 STALLIF: A STALL Handshake Interrupt bit 1 = A STALL handshake was sent by the SIE 0 = A STALL handshake has not been sent bit 4 IDLEIF: Idle Detect Interrupt bit(1) 1 = Idle condition detected (constant Idle state of 3 ms or more) 0 = No Idle condition detected bit 3 TRNIF: Transaction Complete Interrupt bit(2) 1 = Processing of pending transaction is complete; read USTAT register for endpoint information 0 = Processing of pending transaction is not complete or no transaction is pending bit 2 ACTVIF: Bus Activity Detect Interrupt bit(3) 1 = Activity on the D+/D- lines was detected 0 = No activity detected on the D+/D- lines bit 1 UERRIF: USB Error Condition Interrupt bit(4) 1 = An unmasked error condition has occurred 0 = No unmasked error condition has occurred. bit 0 URSTIF: USB Reset Interrupt bit 1 = Valid USB Reset occurred; 00h is loaded into UADDR register 0 = No USB Reset has occurred Note 1: Once an Idle state is detected, the user may want to place the USB module in Suspend mode. 2: Clearing this bit will cause the USTAT FIFO to advance (valid only for IN, OUT and SETUP tokens). 3: This bit is typically unmasked only following the detection of a UIDLE interrupt event. 4: Only error conditions enabled through the UEIE register will set this bit. This bit is a status bit only and cannot be set or cleared by the user.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 267 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.5.1.1 Bus Activity Detect Interrupt Bit (ACTVIF) The ACTVIF bit cannot be cleared immediately after the USB module wakes up from Suspend or while the USB module is suspended. A few clock cycles are required to synchronize the internal hardware state machine before the ACTVIF bit can be cleared by firmware. Clearing the ACTVIF bit before the internal hardware is synchronized may not have an effect on the value of ACTVIF. Additionally, if the USB module uses the clock from the 48 MHz PLL source, then after clearing the SUSPND bit, the USB module may not be immediately operational while waiting for the 48 MHz PLL to lock. The application code should clear the ACTVIF flag as shown in Example 22-1. Only one ACTVIF interrupt is generated when resuming from the USB bus Idle condition. If user firmware clears the ACTVIF bit, the bit will not immediately become set again, even when there is continuous bus traffic. Bus traffic must cease long enough to generate another IDLEIF condition before another ACTVIF interrupt can be generated. EXAMPLE 22-1: CLEARING ACTVIF BIT (UIR<2>) Assembly: BCF UCON, SUSPND LOOP: BTFSS UIR, ACTVIF BRA DONE BCF UIR, ACTVIF BRA LOOP DONE: C: UCONbits.SUSPND = 0; while (UIRbits.ACTVIF) { UIRbits.ACTVIF = 0; } PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 268 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.5.2 USB INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER (UIE) The USB Interrupt Enable register (Register 22-8) contains the enable bits for the USB Status interrupt sources. Setting any of these bits will enable the respective interrupt source in the UIR register. The values in this register only affect the propagation of an interrupt condition to the microcontroller’s interrupt logic. The flag bits are still set by their interrupt conditions, allowing them to be polled and serviced without actually generating an interrupt. REGISTER 22-8: UIE: USB INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 — SOFIE STALLIE IDLEIE TRNIE ACTVIE UERRIE URSTIE bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 6 SOFIE: Start-of-Frame Token Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Start-of-Frame token interrupt enabled 0 = Start-of-Frame token interrupt disabled bit 5 STALLIE: STALL Handshake Interrupt Enable bit 1 = STALL interrupt enabled 0 = STALL interrupt disabled bit 4 IDLEIE: Idle Detect Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Idle detect interrupt enabled 0 = Idle detect interrupt disabled bit 3 TRNIE: Transaction Complete Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Transaction interrupt enabled 0 = Transaction interrupt disabled bit 2 ACTVIE: Bus Activity Detect Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Bus activity detect interrupt enabled 0 = Bus activity detect interrupt disabled bit 1 UERRIE: USB Error Interrupt Enable bit 1 = USB error interrupt enabled 0 = USB error interrupt disabled bit 0 URSTIE: USB Reset Interrupt Enable bit 1 = USB Reset interrupt enabled 0 = USB Reset interrupt disabled  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 269 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.5.3 USB ERROR INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER (UEIR) The USB Error Interrupt Status register (Register 22-9) contains the flag bits for each of the error sources within the USB peripheral. Each of these sources is controlled by a corresponding interrupt enable bit in the UEIE register. All of the USB error flags are ORed together to generate the USB Error Interrupt Flag (UERRIF) at the top level of the interrupt logic. Each error bit is set as soon as the error condition is detected. Thus, the interrupt will typically not correspond with the end of a token being processed. Once an interrupt bit has been set by the SIE, it must be cleared by software by writing a ‘0’. REGISTER 22-9: UEIR: USB ERROR INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER R/C-0 U-0 U-0 R/C-0 R/C-0 R/C-0 R/C-0 R/C-0 BTSEF — — BTOEF DFN8EF CRC16EF CRC5EF PIDEF bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit C = Clearable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 BTSEF: Bit Stuff Error Flag bit 1 = A bit stuff error has been detected 0 = No bit stuff error bit 6-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 BTOEF: Bus Turnaround Time-out Error Flag bit 1 = Bus turnaround time-out has occurred (more than 16 bit times of Idle from previous EOP elapsed) 0 = No bus turnaround time-out bit 3 DFN8EF: Data Field Size Error Flag bit 1 = The data field was not an integral number of bytes 0 = The data field was an integral number of bytes bit 2 CRC16EF: CRC16 Failure Flag bit 1 = The CRC16 failed 0 = The CRC16 passed bit 1 CRC5EF: CRC5 Host Error Flag bit 1 = The token packet was rejected due to a CRC5 error 0 = The token packet was accepted bit 0 PIDEF: PID Check Failure Flag bit 1 = PID check failed 0 = PID check passed PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 270 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.5.4 USB ERROR INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER (UEIE) The USB Error Interrupt Enable register (Register 22-10) contains the enable bits for each of the USB error interrupt sources. Setting any of these bits will enable the respective error interrupt source in the UEIR register to propagate into the UERR bit at the top level of the interrupt logic. As with the UIE register, the enable bits only affect the propagation of an interrupt condition to the microcontroller’s interrupt logic. The flag bits are still set by their interrupt conditions, allowing them to be polled and serviced without actually generating an interrupt. REGISTER 22-10: UEIE: USB ERROR INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 BTSEE — — BTOEE DFN8EE CRC16EE CRC5EE PIDEE bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 BTSEE: Bit Stuff Error Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Bit stuff error interrupt enabled 0 = Bit stuff error interrupt disabled bit 6-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 BTOEE: Bus Turnaround Time-out Error Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Bus turnaround time-out error interrupt enabled 0 = Bus turnaround time-out error interrupt disabled bit 3 DFN8EE: Data Field Size Error Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Data field size error interrupt enabled 0 = Data field size error interrupt disabled bit 2 CRC16EE: CRC16 Failure Interrupt Enable bit 1 = CRC16 failure interrupt enabled 0 = CRC16 failure interrupt disabled bit 1 CRC5EE: CRC5 Host Error Interrupt Enable bit 1 = CRC5 host error interrupt enabled 0 = CRC5 host error interrupt disabled bit 0 PIDEE: PID Check Failure Interrupt Enable bit 1 = PID check failure interrupt enabled 0 = PID check failure interrupt disabled  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 271 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.6 USB Power Modes Many USB applications will likely have several different sets of power requirements and configuration. The most common power modes encountered are Bus Power Only, Self-Power Only and Dual Power with Self-Power Dominance. The most common cases are presented here. Also provided is a means of estimating the current consumption of the USB transceiver. 22.6.1 BUS POWER ONLY In Bus Power Only mode, all power for the application is drawn from the USB (Figure 22-9). This is effectively the simplest power method for the device. In order to meet the inrush current requirements of the USB 2.0 specifications, the total effective capacitance appearing across VBUS and ground must be no more than 10 μF. If not, some kind of inrush liming is required. For more details, see section 7.2.4 of the USB 2.0 specification. According to the USB 2.0 specification, all USB devices must also support a Low-Power Suspend mode. In the USB Suspend mode, devices must consume no more than 500 A (or 2.5 mA for high powered devices that are remote wake-up capable) from the 5V VBUS line of the USB cable. The host signals the USB device to enter the Suspend mode by stopping all USB traffic to that device for more than 3 ms. This condition will cause the IDLEIF bit in the UIR register to become set. During the USB Suspend mode, the D+ or D- pull-up resistor must remain active, which will consume some of the allowed suspend current: 500 A/2.5 mA budget. FIGURE 22-9: BUS POWER ONLY 22.6.2 SELF-POWER ONLY In Self-Power Only mode, the USB application provides its own power, with very little power being pulled from the USB. Figure 22-10 shows an example. In order to meet compliance specifications, the USB module (and the D+ or D- pull-up resistor) should not be enabled until the host actively drives VBUS high. The application should never source any current onto the 5V VBUS pin of the USB cable. FIGURE 22-10: SELF-POWER ONLY VDD VUSB VSS VBUS VDD VUSB VSS VSELF PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 272 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.6.3 DUAL POWER WITH SELF-POWER DOMINANCE Some applications may require a dual power option. This allows the application to use internal power primarily, but switch to power from the USB when no internal power is available. Figure 22-11 shows a simple Dual Power with Self-Power Dominance mode example, which automatically switches between Self-Power Only and USB Bus Power Only modes. Dual power devices must also meet all of the special requirements for inrush current and Suspend mode current and must not enable the USB module until VBUS is driven high. See Section 22.6.1 “Bus Power Only” and Section 22.6.2 “Self-Power Only” for descriptions of those requirements. Additionally, dual power devices must never source current onto the 5V VBUS pin of the USB cable. FIGURE 22-11: DUAL POWER EXAMPLE 22.6.4 USB TRANSCEIVER CURRENT CONSUMPTION The USB transceiver consumes a variable amount of current depending on the characteristic impedance of the USB cable, the length of the cable, the VUSB supply voltage and the actual data patterns moving across the USB cable. Longer cables have larger capacitances and consume more total energy when switching output states. Data patterns that consist of “IN” traffic consume far more current than “OUT” traffic. IN traffic requires the PIC® device to drive the USB cable, whereas OUT traffic requires that the host drive the USB cable. The data that is sent across the USB cable is NRZI encoded. In the NRZI encoding scheme, ‘0’ bits cause a toggling of the output state of the transceiver (either from a “J” state to a “K” state, or vise versa). With the exception of the effects of bit-stuffing, NRZI encoded ‘1’ bits do not cause the output state of the transceiver to change. Therefore, IN traffic consisting of data bits of value, ‘0’, cause the most current consumption, as the transceiver must charge/discharge the USB cable in order to change states. More details about NRZI encoding and bit-stuffing can be found in the USB 2.0 specification’s section 7.1, although knowledge of such details is not required to make USB applications using the PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 of microcontrollers. Among other things, the SIE handles bit-stuffing/ unstuffing, NRZI encoding/decoding and CRC generation/checking in hardware. The total transceiver current consumption will be application-specific. However, to help estimate how much current actually may be required in full-speed applications, Equation 22-1 can be used. Example 22-2 shows how this equation can be used for a theoretical application. Note: Users should keep in mind the limits for devices drawing power from the USB. According to USB Specification 2.0, this cannot exceed 100 mA per low-power device or 500 mA per high-power device. VDD VUSB VSS VBUS VSELF ~5V ~5V 100 k  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 273 PIC18F/LF1XK50 EQUATION 22-1: ESTIMATING USB TRANSCEIVER CURRENT CONSUMPTION EXAMPLE 22-2: CALCULATING USB TRANSCEIVER CURRENT† IXCVR = + IPULLUP (60 mA • VUSB • PZERO • PIN • LCABLE) (3.3V • 5m) Legend: VUSB: Voltage applied to the VUSB pin in volts. (Should be 3.0V to 3.6V.) PZERO: Percentage (in decimal) of the IN traffic bits sent by the PIC® device that are a value of ‘0’. PIN: Percentage (in decimal) of total bus bandwidth that is used for IN traffic. LCABLE: Length (in meters) of the USB cable. The USB 2.0 specification requires that full-speed applications use cables no longer than 5m. IPULLUP: Current which the nominal, 1.5 k pull-up resistor (when enabled) must supply to the USB cable. On the host or hub end of the USB cable, 15 k nominal resistors (14.25 k to 24.8 k) are present which pull both the D+ and D- lines to ground. During bus Idle conditions (such as between packets or during USB Suspend mode), this results in up to 218 A of quiescent current drawn at 3.3V. IPULLUP is also dependant on bus traffic conditions and can be as high as 2.2 mA when the USB bandwidth is fully utilized (either IN or OUT traffic) for data that drives the lines to the “K” state most of the time. For this example, the following assumptions are made about the application: • 3.3V will be applied to VUSB and VDD, with the core voltage regulator enabled. • This is a full-speed application that uses one interrupt IN endpoint that can send one packet of 64 bytes every 1 ms, with no restrictions on the values of the bytes being sent. The application may or may not have additional traffic on OUT endpoints. • A regular USB “B” or “mini-B” connector will be used on the application circuit board. In this case, PZERO = 100% = 1, because there should be no restriction on the value of the data moving through the IN endpoint. All 64 kBps of data could potentially be bytes of value, 00h. Since ‘0’ bits cause toggling of the output state of the transceiver, they cause the USB transceiver to consume extra current charging/discharging the cable. In this case, 100% of the data bits sent can be of value ‘0’. This should be considered the “max” value, as normal data will consist of a fair mix of ones and zeros. This application uses 64 kBps for IN traffic out of the total bus bandwidth of 1.5 MBps (12 Mbps), therefore: Since a regular “B” or “mini-B” connector is used in this application, the end user may plug in any type of cable up to the maximum allowed 5 m length. Therefore, we use the worst-case length: LCABLE = 5 meters Assume IPULLUP = 2.2 mA. The actual value of IPULLUP will likely be closer to 218 A, but allow for the worst-case. USB bandwidth is shared between all the devices which are plugged into the root port (via hubs). If the application is plugged into a USB 1.1 hub that has other devices plugged into it, your device may see host to device traffic on the bus, even if it is not addressed to your device. Since any traffic, regardless of source, can increase the IPULLUP current above the base 218 A, it is safest to allow for the worst-case of 2.2 mA. Therefore: The calculated value should be considered an approximation and additional guardband or application-specific product testing is recommended. The transceiver current is “in addition to” the rest of the current consumed by the PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 device that is needed to run the core, drive the other I/O lines, power the various modules, etc. Pin = 64 kBps 1.5 MBps = 4.3% = 0.043 IXCVR = (60 mA • 3.3V • 1 • 0.043 • 5m) + 2.2 mA = 4.8 mA (3.3V • 5m) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 274 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 22.7 Oscillator The USB module has specific clock requirements. For full-speed operation, the clock source must be 48 MHz. Even so, the microcontroller core and other peripherals are not required to run at that clock speed. Available clocking options are described in detail in Section 2.11 “USB Operation”. 22.8 Interrupt-On-Change for D+/Dpins The PIC18F/LF1XK50 has interrupt-on-change functionality on both D+ and D- data pins. This feature allows the device to detect voltage level changes when first connected to a USB host/hub. The USB host/hub has 15K pull-down resistors on the D+ and D- pins. When the PIC18F/LF1XK50 attaches to the bus the D+ and D- pins can detect voltage changes. External resistors are needed for each pin to maintain a high state on the pins when detached. The USB module must be disable (USBEN = 0) for the interrupt-on-change to function. Enabling the USB module (USBEN = 1) will automatically disable the interrupt-on-change for D+ and D- pins. Refer to Section 7.11 “PORTA and PORTB Interrupt- on-Change” for mode detail. 22.9 USB Firmware and Drivers Microchip provides a number of application-specific resources, such as USB firmware and driver support. Refer to www.microchip.com for the latest firmware and driver support. TABLE 22-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH USB MODULE OPERATION(1) Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Details on Page: INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RABIE TMR0IF INT0IF RABIF 70 IPR2 OSCFIP C1IP C2IP EEIP BCL1IP USBIP TMR3IP — 78 PIR2 OSCFIF C1IF C2IF EEIF BCL1IF USBIF TMR3IF — 74 PIE2 OSCFIE C1IE C2IE EEIE BCL1IE USBIE TMR3IE — 76 UCON — PPBRST SE0 PKTDIS USBEN RESUME SUSPND — 252 UCFG UTEYE — — UPUEN — FSEN PPB1 PPB0 254 USTAT — ENDP3 ENDP2 ENDP1 ENDP0 DIR PPBI — 256 UADDR — ADDR6 ADDR5 ADDR4 ADDR3 ADDR2 ADDR1 ADDR0 258 UFRML FRM7 FRM6 FRM5 FRM4 FRM3 FRM2 FRM1 FRM0 252 UFRMH — — — — — FRM10 FRM9 FRM8 252 UIR — SOFIF STALLIF IDLEIF TRNIF ACTVIF UERRIF URSTIF 266 UIE — SOFIE STALLIE IDLEIE TRNIE ACTVIE UERRIE URSTIE 268 UEIR BTSEF — — BTOEF DFN8EF CRC16EF CRC5EF PIDEF 269 UEIE BTSEE — — BTOEE DFN8EE CRC16EE CRC5EE PIDEE 270 UEP0 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP1 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP2 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP3 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP4 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP5 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP6 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 UEP7 — — — EPHSHK EPCONDIS EPOUTEN EPINEN EPSTALL 257 Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the USB module. Note 1: This table includes only those hardware mapped SFRs located in Bank 15 of the data memory space. The Buffer Descriptor registers, which are mapped into Bank 4 and are not true SFRs, are listed separately in Table 22-3.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 275 PIC18F/LF1XK50 22.10 Overview of USB This section presents some of the basic USB concepts and useful information necessary to design a USB device. Although much information is provided in this section, there is a plethora of information provided within the USB specifications and class specifications. Thus, the reader is encouraged to refer to the USB specifications for more information (www.usb.org). If you are very familiar with the details of USB, then this section serves as a basic, high-level refresher of USB. 22.10.1 LAYERED FRAMEWORK USB device functionality is structured into a layered framework graphically shown in Figure 22-12. Each level is associated with a functional level within the device. The highest layer, other than the device, is the configuration. A device may have multiple configurations. For example, a particular device may have multiple power requirements based on Self-Power Only or Bus Power Only modes. For each configuration, there may be multiple interfaces. Each interface could support a particular mode of that configuration. Below the interface is the endpoint(s). Data is directly moved at this level. There can be as many as 16 bidirectional endpoints. Endpoint 0 is always a control endpoint and by default, when the device is on the bus, Endpoint 0 must be available to configure the device. 22.10.2 FRAMES Information communicated on the bus is grouped into 1 ms time slots, referred to as frames. Each frame can contain many transactions to various devices and endpoints. Figure 22-8 shows an example of a transaction within a frame. 22.10.3 TRANSFERS There are four transfer types defined in the USB specification. • Isochronous: This type provides a transfer method for large amounts of data (up to 1023 bytes) with timely delivery ensured; however, the data integrity is not ensured. This is good for streaming applications where small data loss is not critical, such as audio. • Bulk: This type of transfer method allows for large amounts of data to be transferred with ensured data integrity; however, the delivery timeliness is not ensured. • Interrupt: This type of transfer provides for ensured timely delivery for small blocks of data, plus data integrity is ensured. • Control: This type provides for device setup control. While full-speed devices support all transfer types, low-speed devices are limited to interrupt and control transfers only. 22.10.4 POWER Power is available from the Universal Serial Bus. The USB specification defines the bus power requirements. Devices may either be self-powered or bus powered. Self-powered devices draw power from an external source, while bus powered devices use power supplied from the bus. FIGURE 22-12: USB LAYERS Device Configuration Interface Endpoint Interface Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint To other Configurations (if any) To other Interfaces (if any) PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 276 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. The USB specification limits the power taken from the bus. Each device is ensured 100 mA at approximately 5V (one unit load). Additional power may be requested, up to a maximum of 500 mA. Note that power above one unit load is a request and the host or hub is not obligated to provide the extra current. Thus, a device capable of consuming more than one unit load must be able to maintain a low-power configuration of a one unit load or less, if necessary. The USB specification also defines a Suspend mode. In this situation, current must be limited to 500 A, averaged over 1 second. A device must enter a Suspend state after 3 ms of inactivity (i.e., no SOF tokens for 3 ms). A device entering Suspend mode must drop current consumption within 10 ms after Suspend. Likewise, when signaling a wake-up, the device must signal a wake-up within 10 ms of drawing current above the Suspend limit. 22.10.5 ENUMERATION When the device is initially attached to the bus, the host enters an enumeration process in an attempt to identify the device. Essentially, the host interrogates the device, gathering information such as power consumption, data rates and sizes, protocol and other descriptive information; descriptors contain this information. A typical enumeration process would be as follows: 1. USB Reset: Reset the device. Thus, the device is not configured and does not have an address (address 0). 2. Get Device Descriptor: The host requests a small portion of the device descriptor. 3. USB Reset: Reset the device again. 4. Set Address: The host assigns an address to the device. 5. Get Device Descriptor: The host retrieves the device descriptor, gathering info such as manufacturer, type of device, maximum control packet size. 6. Get configuration descriptors. 7. Get any other descriptors. 8. Set a configuration. The exact enumeration process depends on the host. 22.10.6 DESCRIPTORS There are eight different standard descriptor types of which five are most important for this device. 22.10.6.1 Device Descriptor The device descriptor provides general information, such as manufacturer, product number, serial number, the class of the device and the number of configurations. There is only one device descriptor. 22.10.6.2 Configuration Descriptor The configuration descriptor provides information on the power requirements of the device and how many different interfaces are supported when in this configuration. There may be more than one configuration for a device (i.e., low-power and high-power configurations). 22.10.6.3 Interface Descriptor The interface descriptor details the number of endpoints used in this interface, as well as the class of the interface. There may be more than one interface for a configuration. 22.10.6.4 Endpoint Descriptor The endpoint descriptor identifies the transfer type (Section 22.10.3 “Transfers”) and direction, as well as some other specifics for the endpoint. There may be many endpoints in a device and endpoints may be shared in different configurations. 22.10.6.5 String Descriptor Many of the previous descriptors reference one or more string descriptors. String descriptors provide human readable information about the layer (Section 22.10.1 “Layered Framework”) they describe. Often these strings show up in the host to help the user identify the device. String descriptors are generally optional to save memory and are encoded in a unicode format. 22.10.7 BUS SPEED Each USB device must indicate its bus presence and speed to the host. This is accomplished through a 1.5 k resistor which is connected to the bus at the time of the attachment event. Depending on the speed of the device, the resistor either pulls up the D+ or D- line to 3.3V. For a low-speed device, the pull-up resistor is connected to the D- line. For a full-speed device, the pull-up resistor is connected to the D+ line. 22.10.8 CLASS SPECIFICATIONS AND DRIVERS USB specifications include class specifications which operating system vendors optionally support. Examples of classes include Audio, Mass Storage, Communications and Human Interface (HID). In most cases, a driver is required at the host side to ‘talk’ to the USB device. In custom applications, a driver may need to be developed. Fortunately, drivers are available for most common host systems for the most common classes of devices. Thus, these drivers can be reused.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 277 PIC18F/LF1XK50 23.0 RESET The PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices differentiate between various kinds of Reset: a) Power-on Reset (POR) b) MCLR Reset during normal operation c) MCLR Reset during power-managed modes d) Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset (during execution) e) Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) f) RESET Instruction g) Stack Full Reset h) Stack Underflow Reset This section discusses Resets generated by MCLR, POR and BOR and covers the operation of the various start-up timers. Stack Reset events are covered in Section 3.1.2.4 “Stack Full and Underflow Resets”. WDT Resets are covered in Section 24.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)”. A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit is shown in Figure 23-1. 23.1 RCON Register Device Reset events are tracked through the RCON register (Register 23-1). The lower five bits of the register indicate that a specific Reset event has occurred. In most cases, these bits can only be cleared by the event and must be set by the application after the event. The state of these flag bits, taken together, can be read to indicate the type of Reset that just occurred. This is described in more detail in Section 23.6 “Reset State of Registers”. The RCON register also has control bits for setting interrupt priority (IPEN) and software control of the BOR (SBOREN). Interrupt priority is discussed in Section 7.0 “Interrupts”. BOR is covered in Section 23.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)”. FIGURE 23-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT External Reset MCLR VDD OSC1 WDT Time-out VDD Rise Detect OST/PWRT LFINTOSC POR Pulse OST(2) 10-bit Ripple Counter PWRT(2) 11-bit Ripple Counter Enable OST(1) Enable PWRT Note 1: See Table 23-2 for time-out situations. 2: PWRT and OST counters are reset by POR and BOR. See Sections 23.3 and 23.4. Brown-out Reset BOREN RESET Instruction Stack Pointer Stack Full/Underflow Reset Sleep ( )_IDLE 1024 Cycles 32 s 65.5 ms MCLRE S R Q Chip_Reset PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 278 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 23-1: RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER R/W-0 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 IPEN SBOREN(1) — RI TO PD POR(2) BOR bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit 1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts 0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts bit 6 SBOREN: BOR Software Enable bit(1) If BOREN<1:0> = 01: 1 = BOR is enabled 0 = BOR is disabled If BOREN<1:0> = 00, 10 or 11: Bit is disabled and read as ‘0’. bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit 1 = The RESET instruction was not executed (set by firmware or Power-on Reset) 0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in firmware after a code-executed Reset occurs) bit 3 TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred bit 2 PD: Power-down Detection Flag bit 1 = Set by power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = Set by execution of the SLEEP instruction bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2) 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit(3) 1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only) 0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set by firmware after a POR or Brown-out Reset occurs) Note 1: If SBOREN is enabled, its Reset state is ‘1’; otherwise, it is ‘0’. 2: The actual Reset value of POR is determined by the type of device Reset. See the notes following this register and Section 23.6 “Reset State of Registers” for additional information. 3: See Table 23-3.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 279 PIC18F/LF1XK50 23.2 Master Clear (MCLR) The MCLR pin provides a method for triggering an external Reset of the device. A Reset is generated by holding the pin low. These devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path which detects and ignores small pulses. The MCLR pin is not driven low by any internal Resets, including the WDT. In PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices, the MCLR input can be disabled with the MCLRE Configuration bit. When MCLR is disabled, the pin becomes a digital input. See Section 9.1 “PORTA, TRISA and LATA Registers” for more information. 23.3 Power-on Reset (POR) A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip whenever VDD rises above a certain threshold. This allows the device to start in the initialized state when VDD is adequate for operation. To take advantage of the POR circuitry, tie the MCLR pin through a resistor (1 k to 10 k) to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create a Power-on Reset delay. When the device starts normal operation (i.e., exits the Reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in Reset until the operating conditions are met. POR events are captured by the POR bit of the RCON register. The state of the bit is set to ‘0’ whenever a POR occurs; it does not change for any other Reset event. POR is not reset to ‘1’ by any hardware event. To capture multiple events, the user must manually set the bit to ‘1’ by software following any POR. FIGURE 23-2: EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW VDD POWER-UP) Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required only if the VDD power-up slope is too slow. The diode D helps discharge the capacitor quickly when VDD powers down. 2: R < 40 k is recommended to make sure that the voltage drop across R does not violate the device’s electrical specification. 3: R1  1 k will limit any current flowing into MCLR from external capacitor C, in the event of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown, due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS). C R1 D R VDD MCLR VDD PIC® MCU PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 280 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 23.4 Brown-out Reset (BOR) PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices implement a BOR circuit that provides the user with a number of configuration and power-saving options. The BOR is controlled by the BORV<1:0> and BOREN<1:0> bits of the CONFIG2L Configuration register. There are a total of four BOR configurations which are summarized in Table 23-1. The BOR threshold is set by the BORV<1:0> bits. If BOR is enabled (any values of BOREN<1:0>, except ‘00’), any drop of VDD below VBOR for greater than TBOR will reset the device. A Reset may or may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less than TBOR. The chip will remain in Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above VBOR. If the Power-up Timer is enabled, it will be invoked after VDD rises above VBOR; it then will keep the chip in Reset for an additional time delay, TPWRT. If VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once VDD rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute the additional time delay. BOR and the Power-on Timer (PWRT) are independently configured. Enabling BOR Reset does not automatically enable the PWRT. 23.4.1 SOFTWARE ENABLED BOR When BOREN<1:0> = 01, the BOR can be enabled or disabled by the user in software. This is done with the SBOREN control bit of the RCON register. Setting SBOREN enables the BOR to function as previously described. Clearing SBOREN disables the BOR entirely. The SBOREN bit operates only in this mode; otherwise it is read as ‘0’. Placing the BOR under software control gives the user the additional flexibility of tailoring the application to its environment without having to reprogram the device to change BOR configuration. It also allows the user to tailor device power consumption in software by eliminating the incremental current that the BOR consumes. While the BOR current is typically very small, it may have some impact in low-power applications. 23.4.2 DETECTING BOR When BOR is enabled, the BOR bit always resets to ‘0’ on any BOR or POR event. This makes it difficult to determine if a BOR event has occurred just by reading the state of BOR alone. A more reliable method is to simultaneously check the state of both POR and BOR. This assumes that the POR and BOR bits are reset to ‘1’ by software immediately after any POR event. If BOR is ‘0’ while POR is ‘1’, it can be reliably assumed that a BOR event has occurred. 23.4.3 DISABLING BOR IN SLEEP MODE When BOREN<1:0> = 10, the BOR remains under hardware control and operates as previously described. Whenever the device enters Sleep mode, however, the BOR is automatically disabled. When the device returns to any other operating mode, BOR is automatically re-enabled. This mode allows for applications to recover from brown-out situations, while actively executing code, when the device requires BOR protection the most. At the same time, it saves additional power in Sleep mode by eliminating the small incremental BOR current. TABLE 23-1: BOR CONFIGURATIONS Note: Even when BOR is under software control, the BOR Reset voltage level is still set by the BORV<1:0> Configuration bits. It cannot be changed by software. BOR Configuration Status of SBOREN (RCON<6>) BOR Operation BOREN1 BOREN0 0 0 Unavailable BOR disabled; must be enabled by reprogramming the Configuration bits. 0 1 Available BOR enabled by software; operation controlled by SBOREN. 1 0 Unavailable BOR enabled by hardware in Run and Idle modes, disabled during Sleep mode. 1 1 Unavailable BOR enabled by hardware; must be disabled by reprogramming the Configuration bits.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 281 PIC18F/LF1XK50 23.5 Device Reset Timers PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices incorporate three separate on-chip timers that help regulate the Power-on Reset process. Their main function is to ensure that the device clock is stable before code is executed. These timers are: • Power-up Timer (PWRT) • Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) • PLL Lock Time-out 23.5.1 POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT) The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices is an 11-bit counter which uses the LFINTOSC source as the clock input. This yields an approximate time interval of 2048 x 32 s = 65.6ms. While the PWRT is counting, the device is held in Reset. The power-up time delay depends on the LFINTOSC clock and will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and process variation. See Section 27.0 “Electrical Specifications” for details. The PWRT is enabled by clearing the PWRTEN Configuration bit. 23.5.2 OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST) The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a 1024 oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the PWRT delay is over. This ensures that the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and stabilized. The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP, HS and HSPLL modes and only on Power-on Reset, or on exit from all power-managed modes that stop the external oscillator. 23.5.3 PLL LOCK TIME-OUT With the PLL enabled in its PLL mode, the time-out sequence following a Power-on Reset is slightly different from other oscillator modes. A separate timer is used to provide a fixed time-out that is sufficient for the PLL to lock to the main oscillator frequency. This PLL lock time-out (TPLL) is typically 2 ms and follows the oscillator start-up time-out. 23.5.4 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: 1. After the POR pulse has cleared, PWRT time-out is invoked (if enabled). 2. Then, the OST is activated. The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and the status of the PWRT. Figure 23-3, Figure 23-4, Figure 23-5, Figure 23-6 and Figure 23-7 all depict time-out sequences on power-up, with the Power-up Timer enabled and the device operating in HS Oscillator mode. Figures 23-3 through 23-6 also apply to devices operating in XT or LP modes. For devices in RC mode and with the PWRT disabled, on the other hand, there will be no time-out at all. Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR is kept low long enough, all time-outs will expire, after which, bringing MCLR high will allow program execution to begin immediately (Figure 23-5). This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one PIC18F1XK50/PIC18LF1XK50 device operating in parallel. TABLE 23-2: TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS Oscillator Configuration Power-up(2) and Brown-out Exit from PWRTEN = 0 PWRTEN = 1 Power-Managed Mode HSPLL 66 ms(1) + 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) 1024 TOSC + 2 ms(2) HS, XT, LP 66 ms(1) + 1024 TOSC 1024 TOSC 1024 TOSC EC, ECIO 66 ms(1) — — RC, RCIO 66 ms(1) — — INTIO1, INTIO2 66 ms(1) — — Note 1: 66 ms (65.5 ms) is the nominal Power-up Timer (PWRT) delay. 2: 2 ms is the nominal time required for the PLL to lock. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 282 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 23-3: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE < TPWRT) FIGURE 23-4: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1 FIGURE 23-5: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2 TPWRT TOST VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET TPWRT TOST VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET TPWRT TOST  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 283 PIC18F/LF1XK50 FIGURE 23-6: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE > TPWRT) FIGURE 23-7: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POR W/PLL ENABLED (MCLR TIED TO VDD) VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET 0V 5V TPWRT TOST TPWRT TOST VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR PWRT TIME-OUT OST TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET PLL TIME-OUT TPLL Note: TOST = 1024 clock cycles. TPLL  2 ms max. First three stages of the PWRT timer. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 284 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 23.6 Reset State of Registers Some registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other Resets. All other registers are forced to a “Reset state” depending on the type of Reset that occurred. Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up, since this is viewed as the resumption of normal operation. Status bits from the RCON register, RI, TO, PD, POR and BOR, are set or cleared differently in different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 23-3. These bits are used by software to determine the nature of the Reset. Table 23-4 describes the Reset states for all of the Special Function Registers. These are categorized by Power-on and Brown-out Resets, Master Clear and WDT Resets and WDT wake-ups. TABLE 23-3: STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR RCON REGISTER Condition Program Counter RCON Register STKPTR Register SBOREN RI TO PD POR BOR STKFUL STKUNF Power-on Reset 0000h 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 RESET Instruction 0000h u(2) 0 u u u u u u Brown-out Reset 0000h u(2) 1 1 1 u 0 u u MCLR during Power-Managed Run Modes 0000h u(2) u 1 u u u u u MCLR during Power-Managed Idle Modes and Sleep Mode 0000h u(2) u 1 0 u u u u WDT Time-out during Full Power or Power-Managed Run Mode 0000h u(2) u 0 u u u u u MCLR during Full Power Execution 0000h u(2) u u u u u u u Stack Full Reset (STVREN = 1) 0000h u(2) u u u u u 1 u Stack Underflow Reset (STVREN = 1) 0000h u(2) u u u u u u 1 Stack Underflow Error (not an actual Reset, STVREN = 0) 0000h u(2) u u u u u u 1 WDT Time-out during Power-Managed Idle or Sleep Modes PC + 2 u(2) u 0 0 u u u u Interrupt Exit from Power-Managed Modes PC + 2(1) u(2) u u 0 u u u u Legend: u = unchanged Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEH or GIEL bits are set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (008h or 0018h). 2: Reset state is ‘1’ for POR and unchanged for all other Resets when software BOR is enabled (BOREN<1:0> Configuration bits = 01 and SBOREN = 1). Otherwise, the Reset state is ‘0’.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 285 PIC18F/LF1XK50 TABLE 23-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS Register Address Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets, WDT Reset, RESET Instruction, Stack Resets Wake-up via WDT or Interrupt TOSU FFFh ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---0 uuuu(3) TOSH FFEh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3) TOSL FFDh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3) STKPTR FFCh 00-0 0000 uu-0 0000 uu-u uuuu(3) PCLATU FFBh ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu PCLATH FFAh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu PCL FF9h 0000 0000 0000 0000 PC + 2(2) TBLPTRU FF8h ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu TBLPTRH FF7h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TBLPTRL FF6h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TABLAT FF5h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu PRODH FF4h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PRODL FF3h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu INTCON FF2h 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu(1) INTCON2 FF1h 1111 -1-1 1111 -1-1 uuuu -u-u(1) INTCON3 FF0h 11-0 0-00 11-0 0-00 uu-u u-uu(1) INDF0 FEFh N/A N/A N/A POSTINC0 FEEh N/A N/A N/A POSTDEC0 FEDh N/A N/A N/A PREINC0 FECh N/A N/A N/A PLUSW0 FEBh N/A N/A N/A FSR0H FEAh ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu FSR0L FE9h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu WREG FE8h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu INDF1 FE7h N/A N/A N/A POSTINC1 FE6h N/A N/A N/A POSTDEC1 FE5h N/A N/A N/A PREINC1 FE4h N/A N/A N/A PLUSW1 FE3h N/A N/A N/A Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device. Note 1: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up). 2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h). 3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack. 4: See Table 23-3 for Reset value for specific condition. 5: All bits of the ANSELH register initialize to ‘0’ if the PBADEN bit of CONFIG3H is ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 286 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FSR1H FE2h ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu FSR1L FE1h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu BSR FE0h ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu INDF2 FDFh N/A N/A N/A POSTINC2 FDEh N/A N/A N/A POSTDEC2 FDDh N/A N/A N/A PREINC2 FDCh N/A N/A N/A PLUSW2 FDBh N/A N/A N/A FSR2H FDAh ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu FSR2L FD9h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu STATUS FD8h ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu TMR0H FD7h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TMR0L FD6h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu T0CON FD5h 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu OSCCON FD3h 0011 qq00 0011 qq00 uuuu uuuu OSCCON2 FD2h ---- -10x ---- -10x ---- -uuu WDTCON FD1h ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---u RCON(4) FD0h 0q-1 11q0 0q-q qquu uq-u qquu TMR1H FCFh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR1L FCEh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu T1CON FCDh 0000 0000 u0uu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR2 FCCh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu PR2 FCBh 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 T2CON FCAh -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu SSPBUF FC9h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu SSPADD FC8h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SSPSTAT FC7h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SSPCON1 FC6h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SSPCON2 FC5h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TABLE 23-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED) Register Address Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets, WDT Reset, RESET Instruction, Stack Resets Wake-up via WDT or Interrupt Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device. Note 1: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up). 2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h). 3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack. 4: See Table 23-3 for Reset value for specific condition. 5: All bits of the ANSELH register initialize to ‘0’ if the PBADEN bit of CONFIG3H is ‘0’.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 287 PIC18F/LF1XK50 ADRESH FC4h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ADRESL FC3h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ADCON0 FC2h --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu ADCON1 FC1h ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu ADCON2 FC0h 0-00 0000 0-00 0000 u-uu uuuu CCPR1H FBFh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu CCPR1L FBEh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu CCP1CON FBDh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu REFCON2 FBCh ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu REFCON1 FBBh 000- 00-0 000- 00-0 uuu- uu-u REFCON0 FBAh 0001 00-- 0001 00-- uuuu uu-- PSTRCON FB9h ---0 0001 ---0 0001 ---u uuuu BAUDCON FB8h 0100 0-00 0100 0-00 uuuu u-uu PWM1CON FB7h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu ECCP1AS FB6h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TMR3H FB3h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR3L FB2h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu T3CON FB1h 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu SPBRGH FB0h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SPBRG FAFh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu RCREG FAEh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TXREG FADh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TXSTA FACh 0000 0010 0000 0010 uuuu uuuu RCSTA FABh 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu EEADR FAAh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu EEDATA FA8h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu EECON2 FA7h 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 EECON1 FA6h xx-0 x000 uu-0 u000 uu-0 u000 TABLE 23-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED) Register Address Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets, WDT Reset, RESET Instruction, Stack Resets Wake-up via WDT or Interrupt Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device. Note 1: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up). 2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h). 3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack. 4: See Table 23-3 for Reset value for specific condition. 5: All bits of the ANSELH register initialize to ‘0’ if the PBADEN bit of CONFIG3H is ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 288 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. IPR2 FA2h 1111 111- 1111 111- uuuu uuu- PIR2 FA1h 0000 000- 0000 000- uuuu uuu-(1) PIE2 FA0h 0000 000- 0000 000- uuuu uuu- IPR1 F9Fh -111 1111 -111 1111 -uuu uuuu PIR1 F9Eh -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu(1) PIE1 F9Dh -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu OSCTUNE F9Bh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu TRISC F95h 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu TRISB F94h 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu ---- TRISA F93h --11 ---- --11 ---- --uu ---- LATC F8Bh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu LATB F8Ah xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- LATA F89h --xx ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- PORTC F82h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PORTB F81h xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- PORTA F80h --xx x-xx --xx x-xx --uu u-uu ANSELH(5) F7Fh ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu ANSEL F7Eh 1111 1--- 1111 1--- uuuu u--- IOCB F7Ah 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu ---- IOCA F79h --00 0-00 --00 0-00 --uu u-uu WPUB F78h 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu ---- WPUA F77h --11 1--- --11 1--- --uu u--- SLRCON F76h ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -uuu SSPMSK F6Fh 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu CM1CON0 F6Dh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu CM2CON1 F6Ch 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu CM2CON0 F6Bh 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SRCON1 F69h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu SRCON0 F68h 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu UCON F64h -0x0 000- -0x0 000- -uuu uuu- TABLE 23-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED) Register Address Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets, WDT Reset, RESET Instruction, Stack Resets Wake-up via WDT or Interrupt Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device. Note 1: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up). 2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h). 3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack. 4: See Table 23-3 for Reset value for specific condition. 5: All bits of the ANSELH register initialize to ‘0’ if the PBADEN bit of CONFIG3H is ‘0’.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 289 PIC18F/LF1XK50 USTAT F63h -xxx xxx- -xxx xxx- -uuu uuu- UIR F62h -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu UCFG F61h 0--0 -000 0--0 -000 u--u -uuu UIE F60h -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu UEIR F5Fh 0--0 0000 0--0 0000 u--u uuuu UFRMH F5Eh ---- -xxx ---- -xxx ---- -uuu UFRML F5Dh xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu UADDR F5Ch -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu UEIE F5Bh 0--0 0000 0--0 0000 u--u uuuu UEP7 F5Ah ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP6 F59h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP5 F58h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP4 F57h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP3 F56h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP2 F55h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP1 F54h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu UEP0 F53h ----0 0000 ----0 0000 ----u uuuu TABLE 23-4: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED) Register Address Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset MCLR Resets, WDT Reset, RESET Instruction, Stack Resets Wake-up via WDT or Interrupt Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device. Note 1: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up). 2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h). 3: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack. 4: See Table 23-3 for Reset value for specific condition. 5: All bits of the ANSELH register initialize to ‘0’ if the PBADEN bit of CONFIG3H is ‘0’. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 290 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. NOTES:  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 291 PIC18F/LF1XK50 24.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices include several features intended to maximize reliability and minimize cost through elimination of external components. These are: • Oscillator Selection • Resets: - Power-on Reset (POR) - Power-up Timer (PWRT) - Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) - Brown-out Reset (BOR) • Interrupts • Watchdog Timer (WDT) • Code Protection • ID Locations • In-Circuit Serial Programming™ The oscillator can be configured for the application depending on frequency, power, accuracy and cost. All of the options are discussed in detail in Section 2.0 “Oscillator Module”. A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts is available in previous sections of this data sheet. In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up Timers provided for Resets, PIC18F/LF1XK50 devices have a Watchdog Timer, which is either permanently enabled via the Configuration bits or software controlled (if configured as disabled). The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for background monitoring of the peripheral clock and automatic switchover in the event of its failure. Two- Speed Start-up enables code to be executed almost immediately on start-up, while the primary clock source completes its start-up delays. All of these features are enabled and configured by setting the appropriate Configuration register bits. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 292 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 24.1 Configuration Bits The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as ‘0’) or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’) to select various device configurations. These bits are mapped starting at program memory location 300000h. The user will note that address 300000h is beyond the user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the configuration memory space (300000h-3FFFFFh), which can only be accessed using table reads and table writes. Programming the Configuration registers is done in a manner similar to programming the Flash memory. The WR bit in the EECON1 register starts a self-timed write to the Configuration register. In normal operation mode, a TBLWT instruction with the TBLPTR pointing to the Configuration register sets up the address and the data for the Configuration register write. Setting the WR bit starts a long write to the Configuration register. The Configuration registers are written a byte at a time. To write or erase a configuration cell, a TBLWT instruction can write a ‘1’ or a ‘0’ into the cell. For additional details on Flash programming, refer to Section 4.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”. TABLE 24-1: CONFIGURATION BITS AND DEVICE IDs File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default/ Unprogrammed Value 300000h CONFIG1L — — USBDIV CPUDIV1 CPUDIV0 — — — --00 0--- 300001h CONFIG1H IESO FCMEN PCLKEN PLLEN FOSC3 FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0 0010 0111 300002h CONFIG2L — — — BORV1 BORV0 BOREN1 BOREN0 PWRTEN ---1 1111 300003h CONFIG2H — — — WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 WDTEN ---1 1111 300005h CONFIG3H MCLRE — — — HFOFST — — — 1--- 1--- 300006h CONFIG4L BKBUG(2) ENHCPU — — BBSIZ LVP — STVREN -0-- 01-1 300008h CONFIG5L — — — — — — CP1 CP0 ---- --11 300009h CONFIG5H CPD CPB — — — — — — 11-- ---- 30000Ah CONFIG6L — — — — — — WRT1 WRT0 ---- --11 30000Bh CONFIG6H WRTD WRTB WRTC — — — — — 111- ---- 30000Ch CONFIG7L — — — — — — EBTR1 EBTR0 ---- --11 30000Dh CONFIG7H — EBTRB — — — — — — -1-- ---- 3FFFFEh DEVID1(1) DEV2 DEV1 DEV0 REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0 qqqq qqqq(1) 3FFFFFh DEVID2(1) DEV10 DEV9 DEV8 DEV7 DEV6 DEV5 DEV4 DEV3 0000 1100 Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, – = unimplemented, q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells are unimplemented, read as ‘0’ Note 1: See Register 24-13 for DEVID1 values. DEVID registers are read-only and cannot be programmed by the user. 2: BKBUG is only used for the ICD device. Otherwise, this bit is unimplemented and reads as ‘1’.  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 293 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 24-1: CONFIG1L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 LOW U-0 U-0 R/P-0 R/P-0 R/P-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 — — USBDIV CPUDIV1 CPUDIV0 — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 5 USBDIV: USB Clock Selection bit Selects the clock source for Low-speed USB operation 1 = USB clock comes from the OSC1/OSC2 divided by 2 0 = USB clock comes directly from the OSC1/OSC2 Oscillator block; no divide bit 4-3 CPUDIV<1:0>: CPU System Clock Selection bits 11 = CPU system clock divided by 4 10 = CPU system clock divided by 3 01 = CPU system clock divided by 2 00 = No CPU system clock divide bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 294 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 24-2: CONFIG1H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 HIGH R/P-0 R/P-0 R/P-1 R/P-0 R/P-0 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 IESO FCMEN PCLKEN PLLEN FOSC3 FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0 bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7 IESO: Internal/External Oscillator Switchover bit 1 = Oscillator Switchover mode enabled 0 = Oscillator Switchover mode disabled bit 6 FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit 1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled 0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled bit 5 PCLKEN: Primary Clock Enable bit 1 = Primary Clock enabled 0 = Primary Clock is under software control bit 4 PLLEN: 4 X PLL Enable bit 1 = Oscillator multiplied by 4 0 = PLL is under software control bit 3-0 FOSC<3:0>: Oscillator Selection bits 1111 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 1110 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 1101 = EC (low) 1100 = EC, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (low) 1011 = EC (medium) 1010 = EC, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (medium) 1001 = Internal RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 1000 = Internal RC oscillator 0111 = External RC oscillator 0110 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 0101 = EC (high) 0100 = EC, CLKOUT function on OSC2 (high) 0011 = External RC oscillator, CLKOUT function on OSC2 0010 = HS oscillator 0001 = XT oscillator 0000 = LP oscillator  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 295 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 24-3: CONFIG2L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 LOW U-0 U-0 U-0 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 — — — BORV1(1) BORV0(1) BOREN1(2) BOREN0(2) PWRTEN(2) bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4-3 BORV<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Voltage bits(1) 11 = VBOR set to 1.9V nominal 10 = VBOR set to 2.2V nominal 01 = VBOR set to 2.7V nominal 00 = VBOR set to 3.0V nominal bit 2-1 BOREN<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Enable bits(2) 11 = Brown-out Reset enabled in hardware only (SBOREN is disabled) 10 = Brown-out Reset enabled in hardware only and disabled in Sleep mode (SBOREN is disabled) 01 = Brown-out Reset enabled and controlled by software (SBOREN is enabled) 00 = Brown-out Reset disabled in hardware and software bit 0 PWRTEN: Power-up Timer Enable bit(2) 1 = PWRT disabled 0 = PWRT enabled Note 1: See Table 27-5 for specifications. 2: The Power-up Timer is decoupled from Brown-out Reset, allowing these features to be independently controlled. PIC18F/LF1XK50 DS41350E-page 296 Preliminary  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. REGISTER 24-4: CONFIG2H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 HIGH U-0 U-0 U-0 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 R/P-1 — — — WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 WDTEN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 4-1 WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits 1111 = 1:32,768 1110 = 1:16,384 1101 = 1:8,192 1100 = 1:4,096 1011 = 1:2,048 1010 = 1:1,024 1001 = 1:512 1000 = 1:256 0111 = 1:128 0110 = 1:64 0101 = 1:32 0100 = 1:16 0011 = 1:8 0010 = 1:4 0001 = 1:2 0000 = 1:1 bit 0 WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit 1 = WDT is always enabled. SWDTEN bit has no effect 0 = WDT is controlled by SWDTEN bit of the WDTCON register  2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41350E-page 297 PIC18F/LF1XK50 REGISTER 24-5: CONFIG3H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 HIGH R/P-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/P-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 MCLRE — — — HFOFST — — — bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7 MCLRE: MCLR Pin Enable bit 1 = MCLR pin enabled; RA3 input pin disabled 0 = RA3 input pin enabled; MCLR disabled bit 6-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ bit 3 HFOFST: HFINTOSC Fast Start-up bit 1 = HFINTOSC starts clocking the CPU without waiting for the oscillator to stabilize. 0 = The system clock is held off until the HFINTOSC is stable. bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’ REGISTER 24-6: CONFIG4L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 4 LOW R/W-1(1) R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/P-0 R/P-1 U-0 R/P-1 BKBUG ENHCPU — — BBSIZ LVP — STVREN bit 7 bit 0 Legend: R = Readable bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’ -n = Value when device is unprogrammed x = Bit is unknown bit 7 BKBUG: Background Debugger Enable bit